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Effect of Different Types of Fertilization and Some Climatic Factors on Soil Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Emission

Sadek¹ I. I., M. A. Youssef²

¹ Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

²Department of Soil and Water Science, Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Assuit, Egypt.

dr.ihabsadek@yahoo.com

Abstract: As the atmospheric CO₂ concentration continues to increase, more attention is being focused on the soil as a possible sink for atmospheric CO₂. Fertilizer application to soil can play a vital role in influencing the losses of soil carbon by CO₂emission from the soil. This study was conducted to examine effect of different fertilization types on soil CO₂ emissions. Emission of CO₂ from wheat cultivated soil and fertilized with five different types of both organic and bio fertilizers were measured during seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, comparing with the emission in case of using chemical fertilizers at experimental farm and laboratory of Soils and Water Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., AL-Azhar Univ., Assiut, Egypt. Tested fertilizers were 150 L/fed., compost tea, 20 L/fed., K-Humate, 10 L/fed., EM, 150 L/fed., compost tea + 10 L/fed., EM, 20 L/fed., K-Humate + 10 L/fed., EM and common chemical fertilizers (NPK). Amount of CO₂ emission were measured frequently every 30 days after sowing date (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) and total accumulated CO₂. Moreover, Soil properties as available nitrogen (AN), soil organic matter (SOM), soil pH content and yield and its components were determined. Results indicate that, the highest values of “AN” and “SOM” were recorded with compost tea + EM, while, the lowest values of CO₂ emission with chemical treatment. Chemical treatment increased soil pH more than other treatments except K-Humate and K-Humate + EM treatments. The compost tea + EM treatment gave the high reduction value of pH, while, control, K-Humate and K-Humate + EM treatments gave highest values without any significant between them. The greatest values of yield and its components were from applied compost tea + EM treatment. Meanwhile, the lowest values of tested parameters were recorded with added EM treatment. The lowest emission was taken by using compost tea + EM. While, the soil CO₂ emission was increased with added K-Humate + EM. In addition, amount of emission from soil was increased by the time to reach the peak after 120 days from sowing date. Furthermore, indicated that, the average air temperature, minimum air temperature, maximum air temperature and average soil temperature, respectively, had significant exponential relationship regression during the entire measuring period of CO₂ emission.

[I. I. Sadek, M. A. Youssef. Effect of Different Types of Fertilization and Some Climatic Factors on Soil Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Emission.. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):1-12]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.01

 Keywords: Carbon Dioxide (Co₂), Emission, Wheat, Prediction Equation, Fertilizer application, chemical fertilizers, Compost tea, EM, K-Humate, Air temperature, Soil temperature, Soil characteristics

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Investigation the Relationship among personality characteristics, burnout and marital disenchantment with mental health in nurses in Isfahan City

Farzaneh Forouzanfar¹, Mohammad Ali Nadi², Hossein Molavi³

^1. Msc of General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Research Science Branch, Isfahan, Iran

^2. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Islamic Azad University Isfahan science and Research

^3. Professor of Psychology, Islamic Azad University Isfahan science and Research

shakiba.forozanfar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Nursing is one of the main pillars of the health system and public health nurses and the factors influencing it as a continuation of the health system objectives. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between personality characteristics, burnout and marital disenchantment with public health nursing is done. Methods: This study was a cross - correlation. The population of nurses in private hospitals in Isfahan sample included 250 patients with multi-stage cluster sampling by using the Cohen, et al (2001), was selected. Instruments included a demographic questionnaire, the Big Five personality, burnout, marital disenchantment with public health. Results: Acceptable correlation between neuroticism and depression was significant (P ≤ 0.01). Marital disenchantment with all aspects of public health has had a significant association (P ≤ 0.01). Components of burnout in terms of public health intensity with frequency, but not significantly related to emotional exhaustion had a significant relationship with all aspects of general health (P ≤ 0.01). The prevalence of anxiety and depression were significantly related to depersonalization and lack of social function of frequency of failure is significant (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Results of regression analysis showed that the best predictors of general health, frequency of emotional exhaustion, marital disenchantment, failure intensity, and acceptability of neuroticism (P ≤ 0.01). Provide counseling sessions aimed at expression recognition problems and marital problems and attempts to fix them, nurses can cause physical and mental health of nurses and increase their productivity.

[Farzaneh Forouzanfar, Mohammad Ali Nadi, Hossein Molavi. Investigation the Relationship among personality characteristics, burnout and marital disenchantment with mental health in nurses in Isfahan City. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):13-17]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.02

Keywords: Personality characteristics, burnout, marital disenchantment, public health nurses

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Co-Infection Of Malaria And Typhoid Fever In Ekwulumili Community Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria.

Onyido A.E, Ifeadi C.P, Umeanaeto P.U., Irikannu K.C, Aribodor D.N, Ezeanya L.C, Ugha C.N, Obiechina, I.O

Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

Abstract: A study of co-infection of typhoid and malaria fevers was carried out in Ekwulumili Community, Nnewi South, L.G.A., Anambra State, Nigeria, between May and July, 2012. Venous blood samples were collected from apparently healthy individuals who did not show any signs and symptoms of malaria and typhoid fevers. A total of 200 subjects comprising 52 (25%) males and 148(74%) females were examined. Field stained thick and thin blood films were used to detect malaria parasites in the samples. Typhoid fever was diagnosed from each blood sample using widal test kit. Of the 200 participants sampled, 40(20%) tested positive for malaria, 11 (5.5%) tested positive for typhoid fever and 10(5.0%) were co-infected with malaria and typhoid fevers. More females (5.41%) than the males (3.85%) were co-infected with typhoid and malaria fevers. There was no significant difference in the co-infection of malaria and typhoid fever between the genders (P≥0.05). The co-infection of malaria and typhoid fever was highest in the age group 41-50 years (8.82%) and absent in the age groups 61-70 and 71-80 years. Among the occupational groups, traders had the highest co-infection (9.90%) while no case of co-infection was observed among the teachers. There was no significant difference in the co-infection of malaria and typhoid fevers among the occupational groups (P≥0.05). Among the villages, the co-infection was highest at Umudim village (6.67%) and least at Urueze village (4.44%). There was no significant difference in the co-infection of malaria and typhoid fevers among the villages (P≥0.05). Improvement of sanitary conditions, personal hygiene and reduction in malaria vector and housefly breeding sites were suggested for reduction of the transmission of the diseases.

[Onyido A.E, Ifeadi C.P, Umeanaeto P.U., Irikannu K.C, Aribodor D.N, Ezeanya L.C, Ugha C.N, Obiechina, I.O. Co-Infection Of Malaria And Typhoid Fever In Ekwulumili Community Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):18-27]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.03

Keywords : Co-Infection, Malaria, Typhoid Fever, Ekwulumili Community Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria

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A Survey of the Antibiotic Resistance of Human and Poultry Strains of Salmonella from Southwest Nigeria.

Ike WE¹, Adeleke OE^*, Onyenwe NE

Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

adelzek@yahoo.com

Abstract: The high antibiotic usage in poultry is a public health concern, especially in South-west Nigeria. The human clinical isolates obtained from UCH Ibadan and NIMR Lagos was sensitive to nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, and nalidixic acid, and tetracycline except in few cases. Only 8(32%) isolates showed susceptibility to amoxicillin. Analysis showed that 15(15%) human isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole. Only 15(60%) showed resistance to chloramphenicol, while erythromycin and cloxacillin showed no activity against all the human isolates. The poultry isolates were resistant to almost all the antibiotics tested. However, ofloxacin a fluoroquinolone showed activity to all the poultry isolates, while 4(16%)  isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Though the MIC of the isolates were not detected, out of thirty-nine Salmonella isolates selected based on their resistance to Augumentin, only five isolates were found to be β-lactamase positive. Plasmid DNA having molecular weights ranging from 11,561bp to 13,083bp was isolated from six strains.

[Ike WE, Adeleke OE, Onyenwe NE. A Survey of the Antibiotic Resistance of Human and Poultry Strains of Salmonella from Southwest Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):28-33]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.04

Keywords: Salmonella spp., antibiotics, poultry, R-plasmids, β-lactamase

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Effect of volume of inoculum and fermentation medium on the production of protease by Penicillium chrysogenum

Hamid Mukhtar, Ali Nawaz and Ikram-ul-Haq

Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan

alinawazgcu@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this study the effect of inoculum size and volume of fermentation medium was analyzed for locally isolated strain of Penicillium chysogenum taken from Institute of industrial biotechhnology GC University Lahore for production of protease. All the experiments were conducted using 250 ml flasks using submerged type of fermentation. It was revealed that 2 % size of incoulum was proved best yelding 12.71 U/ml of protease enzyme. 50 ml of the fermentation medium was found to be best while using 250 ml flask to obtain the optimum yield 12.81 U/ml of the enzyme. Inoculum size and volume of fermentation both proved to have great effect on the optimum yield of the enzyme.

[Hamid Mukhtar, Ali Nawaz and Ikram-ul-Haq. Effect of volume of inoculum and fermentation medium on the production of protease by Penicillium chrysogenum. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):34-36]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.05

Keywords: Protease, inoculum size and optimum yield.

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Effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Supplementation on Hot Flashes in Menopausal Women: A Randomized, Double - Blind, Placebo- Controlled Clinical Trial

G. Ozgoli (PhD)*¹, R. Moghadam (M.S.c) ², B.Molaei (MD) ³, M. Hajifaraji (PhD) ⁴, H. Soori (MPH, PhD) ⁵, S.Najafi (M.S.c) ⁶

1-       Ph.D. of Reproductive Health, Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, The International branch of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. g.ozgoli@gmail.com/gozgoli@sbmu .ac.ir

2-       MSc (maternal and child health), The International Branch of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. (homa.moghadam@yahoo.com)

3-       MD. Assistant professor, department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zanian University of medical Sciences.

4-       PhD (Clinical Nutrition), FNS MSc & PG Dipl. Research Assistant Prof. Director, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI) Dean, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS). (E-mail m39 Hajifaraji@ yahoo.com)

5-       PhD.  Professor of Epidemiology Director of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center Head of the Dept. of EpidemiologyS hahid Beheshti University (M.C), Evin, Tehran, Iran. (E-mail hsoori@sbmu.ac.ir)

6-       M.S.c. Dept of Nursing, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract: Background: Hot Flash is one of the compliance that impact on quality of life in menopausal women. This study investigated the effects of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) fatty acid supplementation on Hot Flashes in menopausal women. Materials and Methods: This is a Randomised, Double- Blind, Placebo- Controlled Clinical Trial study, on 83 menopause Women between 45-60 years old that had Inclusion criteria, and were randomly assigned to clinical group Ecosanoids or control group (placebo). Capsules of containing 300 mg (EPA) and (DHA) or placebo were prescribed to the participents for eight weeks one time per day. Of the 83 patients enrolled, 68 completed the study (Eicosanoid supplement, n=34; placebo; n = 34). Data collection method was demographic questionnaire, diary self report and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data were analyzed by spss18: T tests, Chi-squared, Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: After 8 weeks intervention, There was significant difference HF frequency (P=0.003) between two groups. There was no significant difference in HF intensity between two groups (P=0.2) but it was significant reduction in intensity within two groups (P=0.003). Conclusions Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Supplementation affected on reduction of HF frequency and intensity, without significant difference on severity of HF.

[G. Ozgoli, R, Moghadam, S.Najafi, et al. Effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Supplementation on Hot Flashes in Menopausal Women: A Randomized, Double - Blind, Placebo- Controlled Clinical Trial. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):37-42]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.06

Keywords: Fatty Acids Eicosapentaenoic (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Hot Flashes, Menopause

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Non – based life in jurisprudence and law the Islamic Republic of Iran

Marjan Azarm(M.A)

^1. Department of Religious Jurisprudence and Islamic law, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

Abstract: Two categories, the life and death always parade against human and human essentially unify and along with the life and the death. some experts recount type and or processes for the life and the death that the life is divided based and the life problem naturally is introduced in different juridical subjects such as heritage, will, punishment and slaughter, that is explained them in respect to non – based life is and death. In recent year, the brain death is shown itself as new subject on our society and question are introduced about its verdicts such as heritage, atonement, force and in specific the great of the brain death patient organs to other patients. In this paper, we briefly will engage some juridical subjects in area non – based life and also will try to study braid death conformity with each life state its clear all definitions and words related to these cases will set and will argue about them.

[Marjan Azarm. Non – Non – based life In jurisprudence and law the Islamic Republic of Iran. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):43-50]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.07

Keywords: Non – based, life, jurisprudence, law.Islamic, Iran

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Evaluation the principal components of accounting and its impact on the stock returns of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

Alireza Babaei¹, Mohammad Babaei², Hamed Abdi², Mohadeseh Rezaei³

^1.MSc of Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Scientific Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

^2.MSc student of Accounting, Allame Tabatabaei University (ATU), Tehran, Iran

^3.MSc student of Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Center Branch, Tehran, Iran

bali_6040@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this study, the principal components of accounting and its impact on the stock returns of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange was investigated for a 5 year period from 2006-2010. The main basis for analysis in this research is relationship between accounting and stock returns. In this study, indicators to assess operating management, investment management and financial management that affect stock returns are examined. In the hypotheses testing of this study, a panel least squares regression models were used that examines the relationship between financial ratios and stock returns simultaneously. Results show that stock returns only have positive and significant relationship with asset turnover ratio which is an indicator of performance evaluation of operating management. The results also indicate that the operational performance of the company stock returns would increase business opportunities and also enhance the company's ability to earn income through sales. The results of this study can help managers select and implement trade policy and economic policy can be helpful as well potential of shareholders of the results of this study may have order to identify the value of shares stimulus.

[Alireza Babaei, Mohammad Babaei, Hamed Abdi, Mohadeseh Rezaei. Evaluation the principal components of accounting and its impact on the stock returns of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):51-58]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.08

Keywords: Accounting information, Stock returns, Capital markets

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Decorrelation and Identification of Robustly Dependent Network Measurements or Parameters Errors Using Synchronized Phasor Measurements

Dr. Sayed Nagy and Ahmed M. M. Abdelfattah 

Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

sayed.nagy@gmail.com 

Abstract: This paper proposes a technique for identification of simultaneous errors of either measurements or parameters in power system state estimation, at which the traditional methods fails to identify.  The strength of data correlation is represented by a correlation coefficient matrix that can be further analyzed to decorrelate dependent data.  Synchronized phasor measurement units (PMU) are used to identify these simultaneous dependent errors. The paper extends the discussion of optimal PMU placement, previously utilized to achieve network observability and state estimation, to include the conditions of unidentifiable measurements and parameters. An optimal PMU placement solution can then be utilized for identification of erroneous measurements and parameters.

[Sayed Nagy and Ahmed M. M. Abdelfattah. Decorrelation and Identification of Robustly Dependent Network Measurements or Parameters Errors Using Synchronized Phasor Measurements. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):59-67]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.09

Index Terms: Power System State estimation, Parameter Error Identification, data decorrelation, Optimal Meter Placement, Phasor Measurement Units.

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Properties Standard Frame in Hilbert C^*- Modules

Azita Barani¹, Ali Sameri Pour²

^1.  MSc of Mathematics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lorestan University

^2. Associate Professor of Mathematics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lorestan University

a_baran27@yahoo.com

Abstract: The goal of the present paper is a short introduction to a general module frame theory in Hilbert C* - modules over a unital C*- algebra. In this paper firstly we recall some basic propertics of Hilbert space, Hilbert modules and modular standard frames then by using adjointable module homomorphism on Hilbert C*- modules and on l²(A). we construct some frames. Finally we present a relation between standard frame in Hilbert C*- modules.  We also study the behavior of Bessel sequences and frames under operators. In addition, we obtain a relation between standard frames in Hilbert C* - modules. We focus on finitely and countably generated Hilbert A-module over unital C* - algebra A and Our references are [1] and [6].

[Azita Barani, Ali Sameri Pour. Properties Standard Frame in Hilbert C^*- Modules. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):68-73]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.10

Keywords: Hilbert space, Hilbert C* - module, Frame, Frame operator, Frame bounds

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Micro-Organisms Associated With The Use Of Commercial Mobile Phones In Umudike, Ikwuano Local Government Area Of Abia State, Nigeria.

Mbajiuka Chinedu¹ Onuoha Stephen² and Ugah Uchenna³

¹Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike

²Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo

³Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo

Corresponding author: E-mail: ugahuchennaiyioku@gmail.com; Mobile: +2347062154353

Abstract: A total of 300 commercially used cell phones were randomly collected and sampled from four towns within Ikwuano local government. The sample areas were within the university, university gate, Umuariaga junction and Amaba junction to isolate the micro-organisms. A sterile swab stick which was moistened with sterile normal saline was used to rob over the entire surface, earpiece and the keypad areas of the mobile phone. The specimens were cultured onto different media and observed for the presence of bacteria and fungi using nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue agar and sabouraud dextrose agar respectively. Micro-organisms recovered and identified include Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp, Streptococcus spp, Rhizopus spp. Mucor spp. Factors which are responsible for the high levels of contamination include the environment, hygiene of the users and improper handling practices. These mobile phones aside its usage as a means of commuinication could also serve as a means of transmission of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms which has health implications. Personal hygiene and sanitation such as handwashing and the use of antimicrobial wipes to clean the phones could serve as a means to reduce the incidence of microbial transmission at commercial call centres. The study reveals the need for good handling practice of commercial cell phones by the users.

[Mbajiuka Chinedu Onuoha Stephen and Ugah Uchenna. Micro-Organisms Associated With The Use Of Commercial Mobile Phones In Umudike, Ikwuano Local Government Area Of Abia State, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):74-77]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.11

Keywords: Micro-Organism; Commercial; Mobile Phone; Local; Nigeria

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Thinner Intoxication: Intramediastinal Injection - A Case Report

Mehdi Haghdoost, Sepehr Taghizadeh

Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Faculty Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

mehdihaghdoost@yahoo.com

Abstract: The patient, a 23 years old woman to commit suicide, has attempted to inject 5cc thinner to the anterior part of the left forearm and 5cc to the upper portion of the sternum.In physical exam of the anterior part of the forearm, the anterior part of the elbow joint was warm, erythematous and tender. Anterior- posterior part of the sternum was tender and warm too. On the third day of hospitalization, despite receiving antibiotics, the patient's symptoms had not improved and Increase in liver enzymes was observed. As previous study, the thinner is a hepatotoxic agent and it cause fat necrosis of the vessel wall at the injection site. Thinner Based on our findings and previous reports is a hepatotoxic substance and causes localized damage and vascular necrosis. Thus, in the first hours after injection, it should be surgically debrided. Thinner local infiltration would increase erthrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) top to 100 and leukocytosis with the left shift at the injection site, and also mimics the bacterial cellulitis symptoms. Despite that it does not respond to antibiotic treatment.

[Haghdoost M, Taghizadeh S. Thinner Intoxication: Intramediastinal Injection - A Case Report. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):78-80]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.12

Keywords: Thinner, Intoxication, Complication, Management

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Inventory Control With Trade Credit: A Review

Ruchika Tyagi¹, Megha Gupta², Dr. Prashant Chauhan³, Dr. S Rajan⁴

^1. Research Scholor, IFTM University Moradabad

^2. Assistant professor Lakshmibai College University of Delhi

^3. Assistant Professor IFTM University Moradabad

^4. HOD of Mathematics Department, Hindu College, Moradabad

Abstract: This article reviews the literature on quantitatively oriented approaches for determining the optimal economic order quantity when supplier offers credit period to the retailer to settle their account. This survey will be useful for the upcoming researchers in this field.

[Ruchika Tyagi, Megha Gupta, Prashant Chauhan, S Rajan. Inventory Control With Trade Credit: A Review. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):81-83]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.13

Key words: Inventory, Trade credit, Demand, lot-size model, probabilistic demand.

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Diversity of Hymenpteran pollinators in Kashmir region

M. N. Azim¹, S. Tariq Ahmad² and Fehmeeda Akhter³

Entomology Research Division, Postgraduate Department of Zoology,

University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir-190006, India

drtariqento@kashmiruniversity.ac.in; drtariqiari@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Studies were undertaken to explore the diversity of Hymenopteran pollinators at different sites/ agro-ecosystems of Kashmir region so as to cover its all areas viz. Southern, Central and Northern. Out of the total 448 specimens collected, majority (60%) were collected in pre noon survey and 40% at post noon survey. 9 species belonging to 5 genera and three families, were collected. The calculated values of all diversity indices showed that the lowest diversity was shown in the areas which were with weeded orchards and surrounded by the disturbed surroundings as compared to those having natural surroundings’ with less human interference and diverse floral resources.

[M. N. Azim, S. Tariq Ahmad and Fehmeeda Akhter. Diversity of Hymenpteran pollinators in Kashmir region. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):84-88]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.14

Keywords: Diversity, Hymenoptera, pollinators, Agro-ecosystems

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A clinical study of the Post Operative Pain after Root Canal Obturation with Obtura-Ii & System-B, Warm Gutta-Percha Techniques

Najma Sahito,  Abdul Qadir Dal, Azizullah Qureshi

Department of Operative Dentistry, Liquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro. Pakistan.

E-mail: najma_sahito@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: Determine the clinical response of post obturation pain after root canal obturation by using Obtura-II and System-B as root canal filling techniques and document the better success rate of thermoplastic technique for root canal obturation. Method: This study was a Cross-sectional comparative, clinical study.  A total of 60 patients, divided in two groups of 30 each Group-A (Obtura-II) and Group-B (System-B). These cases were treated at Operative Dentistry Department, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro during the period 20^th Feb.2009 to 26^th Aug. 2009. Data was analyzed by using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) Version 10. The mean difference, standard deviation, range and frequency of both quantitative and qualitative variables developed with the help of SPSS analysis. Results: A total of 60 patients required endodontic treatment were included in this study and canals were obturated by two thermoplastic techniques. Patients were equally divided into two groups by using envelop method, for group A, root canals obturated by Obtura-II and group B by System-B. The result of this study shows not much significant different in post obturation pain within 72 hours between Obtura-II technique and System-B technique. But there is little edge to System-B over Obtura-II, may be because of inflammation due to heat of warm gutta-percha in the apical tissues. Conclusion: After the comparisons of post obturation pain within 72 hours between groups and after stratification of gender, age groups and location presented in table-4. Gender and age groups were not having effect on post obturation pain. While location of the tooth was having effect on post obturation pain in the first 24 hours of the treatment.

[Najma Sahito, Abdul Qadir Dal, Azizullah Qureshi. A clinical study of the Post Operative Pain after Root Canal Obturation with Obtura-Ii & System-B, Warm Gutta-Percha Techniques. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):89-92]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.15

 Keywords: Obturation techniques, Post obturation pain, Thermoplastic obturation, Root canal filling, Gutta-percha

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Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) as a fusion technique in degenerative lumbar spondylolithesis

Abdel-basset Ali¹ – Hamdy Behairy¹ – Magdy El-hawary¹ – Mohamed Barania¹ and Abdel-Hakim Eissa²

¹Neurosurgery department, Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar university, Egypt.

²Neurosurgery department, Faculty of Medicine Assiut university, Egypt.

Basset315@gmail.com

Abstract: The authors review and compare transforaminal  lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). A review of the literature is performed wherein the history, indications for surgery, surgical procedures, potential complications, are presented. The chief advantages of the TLIF procedure compared with the PLIF procedure significantly diminishes blood loss, postoperative narcotic use and length of stay in hospital when compared with open PLIF.

 [Abdel-basset Ali, Hamdy Behairy, Magdy El-hawry, Mohamed Barania and Abdel-Hakim Eissa. Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) as a fusion technique in degenerative lumbar spondylolithesis. N Y Sci J 2014;7(7):93-98]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnys070714.16

Keywords: Posterior lumbar interbody fusion, Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, Degenerative disc disease, Low back pain, Fusion, Complications

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