No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

Full Text

No.

1

Evaluating the effectiveness of multi-layered cylindrical shells made of composite materials on the buckling load

Alireza Sadeghi¹ (Corresponding author), Mahmoudreza Hosseini Tabatabaei², Ali Ghods¹

^1. Department of civil, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

^2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

Abstract: The buckling load make reduce the bearing in shells. This is one of the disadvantages of the shell. Key factors influencing the buckling load of the shell are the types of structures. In this paper, the effect of the ratio of radius to thickness ratio of length to thickness of the skin buckling load of laminated composite materials is investigated. It should be added, the shell is below the static water pressure. Moreover, the interaction effects of axial load and the static water pressure is also analyzed. It must be understood, to do this is by using a geometric nonlinear analysis. Also, the software ANSYS is used.

[Alireza Sadeghi, Mahmoudreza Hosseini Tabatabaei, Ali Ghods. Evaluating the effectiveness of multi-layered cylindrical shells made of composite materials on the buckling load. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):1-6]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.01

Keywords: cylindrical shell laminated, composite materials, buckling, geometric nonlinear analysis, static pressure water interaction

Full Text

1

2

Vaginal Fluid Urea and Creatinine for Diagnosis of Premature Rupture of Membranes

Mohammed Hussain Mostafa (MD) *, Khaled Said Moussa (MD), Gamal Abd El-Salam -Wafa

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology – Ain Shams University

moh_marwa_omar@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: To detect the accuracy of vaginal fluid urea and creatinine for diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Patients and methods: The current diagnostic accuracy test was conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital during the period between June 2011 to December 2011. Included women were divided into two groups: Group I QUOTE  I : (cases) included fifty pregnant women with PROM. Group II: (controls) included fifty pregnant women without PROM. Women with multiple pregnancies, preterm labour, fetal distress, vaginal bleeding, congenital fetal malformations, and/or serum creatinine level more than 0.9mg/dl were excluded from this study. All women were subjected to transabdominal ultrasound and sterile Cusco speculum examination to diagnose PROM and 5ml of sterile saline solution was injected into the posterior vaginal fornix using a sterile syringe. Three ml of the injected saline was aspirated using the same syringe and sent immediately to the laboratory. Each specimen was centrifuged at 50 revolutions/ second and the supernatant fluid was separated. Measurements of both urea and creatinine were performed by enzymatic urease method and Rate Jaffe method respectively to determine their exact levels. A total of 100 pregnant women were included in the study. The included women were divided into 2 groups according to presence or absence of PROM Group QUOTE  I  I: (cases) included fifty pregnant women with PROM. Group II: (controls) included fifty women pregnant without PROM. Results: There was no statistical significant difference between both groups regarding maternal age, parity and gestational age at time of sampling (P>0.05). There was a statistical significant difference between the 2 groups regarding vaginal fluid urea and creatinine levels (P <0.001) as the mean vaginal fluid urea and creatinine levels was (40.3±9mg/dl and 1.45±0.26 mg/dl in group versus 7.8±2.8 mg/dl and0.42±0.20mg/dl in group II, respectively.In the current study; the sensitivity & the specificity of vaginal fluid urea to diagnose PROM were 99% & 99% respectively, while its positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and over all accuracy were 98%, 97% and 96% respectively, with a cut-off value of 12 mg/dl. While the sensitivity & the specificity of vaginal fluid creatinine to diagnose PROM were 98% & 97% respectively, while its positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and over all accuracy were 96%, 98% and 97% respectively, with a cut-off value of 1 mg/dl. Conclusion: Detection of vaginal fluid urea and creatinine to diagnose PROM is a sample, reliable and rapid test with high sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and over all accuracy.

[Mohammed Hussain Mostafa, Khaled Said Moussa, Gamal Abd El-Salam –Wafa. Vaginal Fluid Urea and Creatinine for Diagnosis of Premature Rupture of Membranes. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):7-10]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.02

Keywords: Creatinine; premature rupture of membrane, urea.

Full Text

2

3

Rare Earth Elements Fingerprints: Implication For Provenance, Tectonic And Depostional Settings Of Clastic Sediments Of Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria

Olubunmi C. Adeigbe*¹ , Ayoola Y. Jimoh*², Dr O.O Osin ³, Dr O.A Ehinola ⁴, Dr Wale Akinmosin ⁵, Dr Jude Ogala ⁶, Dr Olugbenga A. Boboye ⁷

*Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

^1.olukris2009@gmail.com, ^2. jimohyusuf7@yahoo.com

³ Dept of Earth Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria. E-Mail:

⁴ Dept of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.E-mail: ehinola01@yahoo.com

⁵ Dept of Geosciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. E-mail: waleakinmosin@yahoo.com

⁶ Dept of Geology, Delta State University, PMB 1, Abraka, Delta State. E-Mail: etunimogala@yahoo.com

⁷ Dept of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. E-Mail: boboyegbenga@yahoo.com

Contact: Dr Olubunmi C. Adeigbe, Dept of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: olukris2009@gmail.com, Phone: +234-802-8218-932

Abstracts: The study areas, Lower Benue Trough is divided into Asu River Group (ARG) and Cross River Group (CRG) and it is delimited by longitudes 7°00'E and 8°30'E and latitudes 5°00'N and 6°30'N. ARG covers Awi, Abakaliki and Mfamosing Formations while Ekenkpon, Eze-Aku, New Netim, Awgu and Agbani Formations fall within CRG. Sampling was done to cover both the Abakaliki Anticlinorium and Calabar Flank. The study aimed at using geochemical approach through rare earth elements (REE) to deduce provenance and depositional environment in a holistic manner which hitherto has not been used by any worker. A total of 56 fresh outcrop samples were obtained from the study area. The samples were subjected to detailed lithologic description by visual examination. Geochemical analysis was done using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to determine trace and rare-earth elements using lithium metaborate/tetraborate fusion method. The chondrite normalized REE plots shows enrichment in the LREE over the HREE with negative Eu anomaly for both ARG and CRG. While the (Eu/Eu*) average for ARG and CRG are 0.74 and 0.73 respectively indicating Quartzose sedimentary, Intermediate igneous and Felsic igneous provenances for the sediments. The Cerium anomaly (Ce/Ce*) values average 1.20 and1.68 in ARG and CRG respectively indicating oxidizing and shallow marine environment. The REE pattern is consistent with that of the Upper Continental Crust (UCC).

[Olubunmi C. Adeigbe, Ayoola Y. Jimoh, O.O Osin, O.A Ehinola, Wale Akinmosin, Jude Ogala, Olugbenga A. Boboye. Rare Earth Elements Fingerprints: Implication For Provenance, Tectonic And Depostional Settings Of Clastic Sediments Of Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):11-26]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.03

Key words: Rare Earth Elements, Asu River Group, Cross River group, Europium Anomaly, Cerium Anomaly.

Full Text

3

4

Impacts Of Land Uses Changes on Soil Fertility, Carbon and Nitrogen Stock under Smallholder Farmers in Central Highlands of Ethiopia: Implication for Sustainable Agricultural Landscape Management Around Butajira Area

Getahun Haile, Mulugeta Lemenhi, Fisseha Itanna and Feyera Senbeta,

Corresponding author: Getahun Haile, Email address: getahun_h@yahoo.com, tele 0912057770

Getahun Haile Email address: getahun_h@yahoo.com, Dilla University, Ethiopia

Mulugeta Lemenhi, Email: elerhoi@yahoo.com, Farm African, Ethiopia

Fisseha Itanna, email: fissehai@yahoo.com, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia

Feyera Senbeta, email: feyeras@yahoo.com, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia

Abstract: Landuses/land cover changes from natural forests to farmland, open grazing and eucalyptus woodlots, and subsequent changes in soil physical and chemical properties are widespread in Highlands of Ethiopia. Thus, assessing land use-induced changes in soil properties are essential for addressing  the issues of agricultural landscape  sustainability . The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of land use/land cover changes on soil properties, SOC and TN stock around Butajira area, Southern Ethiopia. The types of land uses considered on this study were: enset, cereal farms, grazing land, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis woodlots. Seven households having all the above mentioned land uses adjacent to each other were selected. For the purpose of this study, the selected household and land use types were considered as replication and treatments, respectively. 28 soil pits were dug i.e. one soil pit was dug at each land uses hence a total of eighty four soil samples were collected at three depths, namely 0-15cm, 15-30cm, and 30-45cm for chemical analysis. In addition, similar undisturbed soil samples were collected from same pits but opposite sides for soil bulk density and moisture content determination. Standard soil analytical procedures were followed in carrying out soil analysis. The results of the present study showed that land use changes induced significant differences on soil properties as reflected by the changes in bulk density, MC, pH, OC, TN , available P , OC and TN stocks. Soil bulk density was significantly higher in the cereal farms as compared to enset farms reflecting compaction of soil due to intensive tillage in cereal farms. Soil MC was significantly lowest under Eucalyptus woodlots compared to enset. Moreover,  soil pH was lowest in woodlots and cereal lands as compared to other land uses. Soil under enset farms had higher OC, TN, available P, carbon and nitrogen stock as compared to other land uses. OC and  total N stocks  were shown a trend of enset farm > eucalyptus woodlots > grazing land > cereal land within  0-45 cm. Lowest OC and TN under cereal land showed the severity of land degradation under this land use utilization, where as  the higher soil nutrients, OC and TN under enset soils suggesting  the importance of this land use utilization   for addressing soil nutrient and carbon depletion. Besides, woodlots and grazing land had higher OC, TN, SOC and TN stock as compared to cereal lands. Therefore, future restoration of soil should focus on strategies that improving the soil nutrient  and carbon storage under cereal land for enhancing sustainable  agricultural landscape management, thereby improving the livelihood of agrarian community. However, fast growing nature of eucalyptus species  may negatively affects soil reaction and moisture . Planting eucalyptus also negatively affects the crop yield of adjacent farm lands due to root competition  and shading effects. Thus, current strategies of planting fast growing eucalyptus woodlots in response to scarcity of forest products and economic benefits, should be considered  the negative impacts on soil and crop yields of neighboring  farmlands . Hence, there is a need to develop proper land use policy and sustainable soil management and cropping practices to combat the on ongoing soil degradation  in the study area.

[Getahun Haile, Mulugeta Lemenhi, Fisseha Itanna and Feyera Senbeta. Impacts Of Land Uses Changes on Soil Fertility, Carbon and Nitrogen Stock under Smallholder Farmers in Central Highlands of Ethiopia: Implication for Sustainable Agricultural Landscape Management Around Butajira Area. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):27-44]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.04

Key words：Land use, soil physical and chemical properties, soil degradation, Ethiopia

Full Text

4

5

Survey on routing techniques in wireless Sensor networks

Hari Om Sharan¹, C.S. Raghuvanshi¹, Ravi Prakash², Rajeev Kumar³

¹ Deptt of Computer Science & Engineering, SOET, ITM University, Gwalior, M.P., India

² Deptt of Computer Science & Engineering, GNIOT, Gr. Noida, India

³Deptt of Computer Science, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad, India

Ref. ID: sharan.hariom@gmail.com

Abstract： Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation and wireless communications capabilities. These nodes are limited with respect to energy supply restricted computational capacity and communication bandwidth & are primarily designed for monitoring and reporting events. Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are responsible for maintaining the routes in the network and have to ensure reliable multi-hop communication under these conditions so many routing power management and data dissemination protocols have been specially designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. The focus however has been given to the routing protocols which might differ depending on the application and network architecture because each routing protocol has its merits and shortcomings, also sensor nodes are application dependent so a single routing protocol cannot be efficient for sensor networks across all applications. The lifetime will end when the working routing protocol can no longer support the whole wireless sensor network. To prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes designing of efficient routing protocols is critical. In this paper, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs. We first outline the design challenges for routing protocols in WSNs followed by a comprehensive survey of different routing techniques. The paper concludes with possible future research areas.

[Hari Om Sharan, C.S. Raghuvanshi, Ravi Prakash, Rajeev Kumar. Survey on routing techniques in wireless Sensor networks. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):45-49]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.05

Keywords: survey, routing techniques, wireless sensor networks

Full Text

5

6

Role of Poplars in Agroforestry Systems in India

Nasir Rashid Wani¹, Tanweer Hussain Malik²

¹Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar (J & K) India

²Department of Agriculture, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India

nasirwani2012@gmail.com

Abstract: There is increasing gap between demand and supply of forest products leading to great pressure on natural forests. To reduce this gap, there is need to expand the land under tree cover by way of plantations and other afforestation works. But the horizontal expansion of land under tree cover is not possible. In such situations agroforestry is one of the viable options to increase the area under tree cover. There are many sustainable agroforestry systems in vogue in many parts of the world. Poplar based agroforestry system in northern parts of our country is one among them having great role in the socio-economic life of people. Globally, 91 per cent of poplars grow in natural forests, 6 per cent in plantations and remaining 3 per cent in agroforestry systems. China (73%) and India (49%) are the major countries having higher planted area of poplars. In India the poplar based agroforestry systems are found in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, U P, Punjab, Haryana, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. The features of poplar useful for agroforestry include fast growth (20-25 m³/ha/yr), straight clean bole, deciduous nature, multiple uses, soil enriching property, its compatibility with agricultural crops and high economic returns. It is highly water use efficient perennial component having high CO₂ exchange rate. The poplars are commonly propagated by cuttings having dimensions of 22 cm length and 1-3 cm diameter.

[Nasir Rashid Wani, Tanweer Hussain Malik. Role of Poplars in Agroforestry Systems in India. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):50-56]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.06

Key Words: Afforestation; Agroforestry; Poplar

Full Text

6

7

The effect of selected UV absorber on the photodegradation of deltamethrin and its insecticidal efficacy against 4^th instars larvae of mosquito Culex pipiens

Hamdy R. Soltan¹ and Abir S. Al-Nasser^2*

¹ Pesticide Chemistry Department , Faculty of Agriculture , Alexandria University,

Egypt PO Box 21545, Alexandria, Egypt

^2*Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA

al-nasser.abir@hotmail.com, asnasser@uqu.edu.sa

Abstract: This research aims to investigate if by adding the UV absorber to deltamethrin, its efficacy vis-à-vis mosquito control could be improved and its residual toxicity could be extended after irradiated to simulating UV-sun radiation. Fabric cotton discs treated with deltamethrin admixed with the selecting UV absorber were exposed to simulating sunlight for different time. According to the results, the LT₅₀ of deltamethrin extracted from the fabric cotton discs against 4^th instars mosquito larvae were ranged from 73.65 to 551.1 min. Whereas, the LT₅₀ of deltamethrin applied alone was 32.26 min. This data indicated that the UV absorbers improved the deltamethrin residual toxicity than deltamethrin alone. Regarding to the LC₅₀ and the toxicity index values recorded of deltamethrin alone or in a mixture with the tested UV absorbers, the mixture of deltamethrin with menthyl anthranilate was the most toxic mixture followed by the mixture of deltamethrin with tannic acid then deltamethrin with scopoletin and gallic acid.

[Hamdy R. Soltan and Abir S. Al-Nasser. The effect of selected UV absorber on the photodegradation of deltamethrin and its insecticidal efficacy against 4^th instars larvae of mosquito Culex pipiens. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):57-61]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.07

Keywords: UV absorber- photodegradation -deltamethrin-mosquito-Culex pipiens

Full Text

7

8

Drug abuse/addicts in schools; the role of school counsellor

Mohammed chado

Science Department, Government Day secondary school sabon wuse, Niger state Nigeria.22414,Nigeria chado.mohammed@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nigerians were countries in the sixties and seventies, but cannot be said of today where they use and abuse drugs like narcotic and psychoactive. The consequences of these acts can pose a threat to the nascent democracy. The purpose of this paper is to discuss among other things what motivates youths to take drugs. Explain drug abuse/addiction and its effects on individual, home and the society and examine the role of school counselor in that direction in term of alleviating the problem. It was recommended that, information about drug use and consequences should disseminate to the youth who are mostly affected. Getting them more involve in school based and non school based activities will do a lot of good in lowering incidence of drug use and getting drugless.

[Mohammed chado. Drug abuse/addicts in schools; the role of school counsellor. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):62-65]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.08

Key words: drug, addiction, students, consequences, school counselor

Full Text

8

9

Effect of Socio-economic Characteristics on the Farm Productivity Performance of Yam Farmers in Nigeria

Oluwatusin F.M. and Shitu G.A

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Services

Ekiti State University, P.O.Box 1258, Ado-Ekiti.

+2348034942647, femitusinm@gmail.com

Abstract: The study assessed the effect of socio-economic characteristics on the performance of farmers in production of yam in Nigeria. The study was carried out in Benue State, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was employed with the aid of a well structured questionnaire in collecting data from 120 farmers. Descriptive statistics as well as Production function analysis was employed to estimate the parameters of the regression model. Findings showed that 80 percent of the sampled farmers were within their economic active working age. It was also revealed that 84.2 percent were men while 15.8 percent of them were women. Moreover, the analysis of production function indicated that the main determinants of yam production performance in the study area were age, educational level, farming experience, farm distance and income level of the farmers which had positive coefficients as well as statistically significant. However, households size had a negative coefficient though not statistically significant, this negate the a priori expectation. Some recommendations were therefore made as to improve the performances of yam farmers as well as on food security in the country.

[Oluwatusin F.M. and Shitu G.A. Effect of Socio-economic Characteristics on the Farm Productivity Performance of Yam Farmers in Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):66-72]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.09

Key words: Socio-economic characteristics, production, efficiency, yam farmers.

Full Text

9

10

Detection of Anti-streptolysin O antibodies among Rheumatic fever patients in Tripoli.

Abdulbaset M.E. Abusetta¹, M. A. B. Gamal ² and Fathia A. Ben saed³

^1.Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya.

^2.Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

^3.Tripoli Health Care, Ministry of Health, Libya.

Abstract: Background: Diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever based on a raised antistreptolysin O titer (ASO) is not uncommon in endemic areas. Objective: Serum levels of (ASO) in the routine evaluation of patients with rheumatic conditions. Prevalence of elevated serum ASO titer in patients which were coming in Espeia Hospital with various clinical conditions. Method: This study, was performed in the central laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology at Espeia Hospital during period from October 2012 to October 2013. The serum samples were tested for (ASO) antibodies by latex agglutination test. Total 150 patients including (40%) male and (60%) female were tested for ASO serum levels. Also out of 50 control group involved in the study, 24 were males (48%) and 26 (52%) were females. Results: 114 (76.0%) were positive and 36 (24.0%) were negative. In 114 positive cases, 44 (73.3%) were male patients and 70 (77.7%) were female patients. Also the results indicated that out of 50 apparently healthy control involved, only 7.0 (14.0%) were positive and 43 (86.0%) were negative for ASO test. Out of those 7.0 ASO test positive control, 3.0 (12.5%) were male patients and 4.0 (15.4%) were female patients. The results indicated that in case of male patients the highest positive cases were found in the age group of 21- 30 (66.7%). However, in case of female patients the highest positive cases were found in the age group of 21- 30 (50%). Statistically significant difference observed between the ASO in patients with repeated streptococcal infection attacks (76.0%) and control group whom did not suffer any complain from sore throat for at least one year before investigation (14.0%). Conclusion: The presence of elevated (ASO) titers in such a population, which probably reflects a high background prevalence of streptococcal infections, should be taken into consideration when evaluating the role of the group A streptococcus in non-purulent complications of infections.

[Abdulbaset M.E. Abusetta M. A. B. Gamal and Fathia A. Ben saed^. Detection of Anti-streptolysin O antibodies among Rheumatic fever patients in Tripoli. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):73-76]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.10

Keywords: Anti-streptolysin O Tripoli.

Full Text

10

11

Health Status Of Adolescent Boys And Girls In Kashmir Valley (J&K, India) - A Comparative Study

Nilofer Khan

Sr. Professor, Institute of Home Science, Faculty of Applied Science & Technology,

University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India

E-mail: showkat80ahmad@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to find the health status of adolescent boys and girls of Kashmir valley.  The sample of this study has been undertaken in six districts of Kashmir valley i.e. Srinagar, Budgam, Anantnag, Kupwara, Pulwama and Baramulla, covering a sample of 1500 adolescents i.e. 750 boys and equal number of girls in the age group of 10-19 years, studying in Government Schools. The findings of the study are interesting and useful for framing programme guidelines towards adolescent development. During last couple of years, various policies have been formulated to bring adolescents to the centre stage of development planning. These policies are National Health Policies 2002, the National Population Policy 2000, the National AID’S Policy 2001, the Woman Policy 2001, the Child and Education Policy, Scheme for Adolescent Girls (Kishori Shakti Yojana) etc. All these policies have addressed the adolescents of the age of 10-19 years.

[Nilofer Khan. Health Status Of Adolescent Boys And Girls In Kashmir Valley (J&K, India) - A Comparative Study. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):77-83]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.11

Keywords: Adolescents, Health, Boys, Girls.

Full Text

11

12

Wife's divorce request jurisprudence and civil law

Mahshid Mahtabi (M.A) ¹, Rasul Parvin (Ph.D)  ², Ghobad Naderi (M.A)  ³

^1.Department of law, Payame noor University, Iran

Email: MahshidMahtabi@yahoo.com

^2.Department of law, college of private law, Kermanshah Branch Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

^3.Department of law, Payame noor University, Iran

Abstract: Divorce is one of the most damage of all nations and governments recognize their responsibility toward it. Despite marriage, private contract between the parties, but it is your duty to know the laws of the state in supporting couples, especially women, to predict the time of dissolution of marriage. Since the devastating consequences of divorce for divorced women and their children to follow, in most legal systems, rules and regulations on the financial support of women after divorce has been developed. This support for women, who have no job or income, is vital. Drop divorced women to serious social problems will follow. Growth rates of crime, divorce and children's future, away from home, lack of proper education of children with emotional and mental problems, including the risk that legislation and regulations necessary for women during divorce is justified. Therefore, this regulation has been adopted in many countries to reduce or minimize the adverse consequences of divorce. The issue of Iran's legal system is based on Imami jurisprudence has also been considered.

But the rules of Islam and civil law, the divorced wife of a man they recognized that, in some cases, men abuse this right, causing violations of women's rights, particularly in the material provide predictable regulatory support, Vital and important dates. (Procedure No. 57 of 1385 ).

[Ghobad Naderi, Mahshid Mahtabi, Rasul Parvin, Ghobad Naderi. Wife's divorce request jurisprudence and civil law. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):84-92]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.12

Keywords: Divorce, alimony, hardship, absent husband, her attorney.

Full Text

12

13

The influence of job burnout, involvement and locus of control on job satisfaction: Some explorations from banking sector in Saudi Arabia

Nasser S. Al-Kahtani   and  Zafrul Allam

Assistant Professor, Department of HRM, College of Business Administration, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

nasalka1@hotmail.com & z.allam@sau.edu.sa

Abstract: The present study is aimed at exploring the influence of job burnout, involvement and locus of control with job satisfaction among banking employees of kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The sample consisted of 274 employees selected randomly from various banks. A set of tools containing Job Burnout (Maslach and Jackson, 1981), Job Involvement Scale (Lodhal and Kejner, 1965), Rotter’s Locus of Control (1971), and Job Satisfaction (Singh, 1987)with biographical information blank were distributed  to the bank employees to respond as per the instructions.  The data were analyzed by means of t- test to see the differences between the comparison groups. The major findings of the present research revealed that: (i) the groups of  low & high  job burnout and involvement  were found to differ significantly in terms of their mean job satisfaction(ii) internally control employees found significantly more job satisfaction than their externally control counterparts. The limitations and suggestions were also incorporated in the study.

[Al-Kahtani, NS, Allam, Z. The influence of job burnout, involvement and locus of control on job satisfaction: Some explorations from banking sector in Saudi Arabia. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):93-101]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.13

Key words: Job Burnout, Job Involvement, Locus of Control, Job Satisfaction, Bank, Saudi Arabia.

Full Text

13

14

Ambulatory arterial stiffness index derived from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and its relation with left ventricular hypertrophy

Abdel Mohsen Mostafa Abou Alia and Mostafa Ismaiel Saleh

Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo- Egypt

abdelmohsen1@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background:  Subclinical organ damage represents an intermediate stage in the continuum of vascular diseases and a determinant of overall cardiovascular risks. This study aimed to investigate the associations of ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as a marker of target organ damages (TODs). Methods: Forty one subjects were referred to do 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring from March 2010 to November 2010 in a private outpatient clinic. BP monitoring was evaluated with respect to the relationship of AASI with LVMI as a marker for TOD.  Results: Ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) was higher with age and correlated with LVMI and hence LVH. AASI was negatively correlated with standard deviation (SD) of diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions:  AASI is a novel method for assessment of arterial stiffness that can predict subclinical TOD in hypertensive patients.

[Abdel Mohsen Mostafa Abou Alia and Mostafa Ismaiel Saleh. Ambulatory arterial stiffness index derived from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and its relation with left ventricular hypertrophy. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):102-105]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.14

Key Words: Ambulatory, stiffness index, hypertrophy, target organ damage.

Full Text

14

15

Economics analysis of feeding effect with co₂ on greenhouse cucumber production in Iran (Case study of Greenhouses of Mahalat Township)

Mohsen Rafiee SefidDashti¹ (Corresponding author), Amir Mohammadi Nejad², Ali Kiani Rad³

^1. M.A. student, Islamic Azad University Tehran Science and Research Branch

^2. Assistant professor of department of Agricultural Economics, Islamic Azad University Tehran Science and Research Branch,

^3. Assistant professor and faculty member of the Institute of Planning research and agricultural economics

mohsenrafiee93@yahoo.com

Abstract: Mahalat Township having 27 hectare cultivated area of modern greenhouse cucumber is the main centers of greenhouse cucumber in the country. In this study we examine economics effect of feeding with co2 on greenhouse cucumber production in Mahalat Township. For this purpose function Cobb - Douglas that compared with other types of flexibility production functions, with attention to performed statistical tests were detected more appropriate, were used. Statistics and data used in this study obtained in personal and through completion 78 questionnaires of production costs from Beneficiaries of greenhouse cucumber production of Mahalat township in 2011-2012.The results of the data analysis indicates that beneficiaries that used co2 gas in their greenhouses, compared with beneficiaries that did not use it, on average, 26/1 percent more cucumber were harvested, in other words, efficiency improvement of greenhouse cucumber production, due to early growth of production with feeding co2 gas is known as major factor of production development. Those beneficiaries on average have 25 percent precocity in their production. Also the total cost of greenhouse cucumber in units that feeding with co2 gas on average 120 Rails in kilo, is lower.

[Mohsen Rafiee SefidDashti, Amir Mohammadi Nejad, Ali Kiani Rad. Economics analysis of feeding effect with co₂ on greenhouse cucumber production in Iran (Case study of Greenhouses of Mahalat Township). N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):106-111]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.15

Keywords: Mahalat Township, the production function, greenhouse cucumber, feeding with carbon dioxide.

Full Text

15

16

Comparing 3 different relaxation times in a resistance training program on peak power of athletes and non-athletes in the bench press

Aboozar Mohammadi Mofrad¹, Behnam Alipour²

^1. PhD student of Sport Physiology Shahid Chamran University

^2. Mechanic Engineer

Abstract: The aim of this study is comparing the effects of different relaxation times on peak power in the bench press among athletes and non athletes. For this purpose, 40 male soccer athletes and 40 male non athlete students were invited. Athletes were divided in 4 groups of 10 persons and non-athletes were divided into 4 groups of 10 persons too, the exercise consisted of three sessions per week for 8 weeks of training, the intensity was started with 70% 1RM, each session included a warm-up, cool-down and 4 sets of bench press that interval break for Group I of athletes and non athletes was 45 seconds, for Group II it was 90 seconds, for Group III it was 180 seconds and for Group IV it was the combination of these three times. Research results due to the significant level of P <0.05 indicated that the relaxation time increases the peak power but among athletes there was no significant difference between groups of people, but the difference was significant among non-athletes, so that the group that took the time 180 seconds had a significant improvement in peak power compared to the other three groups, the Group of 90 seconds had a significant improvement comparing to both groups of 45 seconds and combined time, but progress has been less than the group of 180 seconds, the group of combined time has made ​​significant progress comparing to the group of 45 seconds but progress was less than groups of 180 seconds and 90 seconds and the group of 45 seconds had the least progress in the peak power compared to the three groups of 180 seconds, 90 seconds, and the combined group. According to the research results, we can conclude that the time of rest and relaxation depends on the individual's fitness level, which means people with less preparation, need more rest and relaxation time in implementing sets of bench press, than the athletes.

[Aboozar Mohammadi Mofrad, Behnam Alipour. Comparing 3 different relaxation times in a resistance training program on peak power of athletes and non-athletes in the bench press. N Y Sci J 2014;7(2):112-117]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnys070214.16

Keywords: alternation of rest, athlete, non athlete, bench press.

Full Text

16