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ANFIS Approach for Identification of Debutanizer Column

Hamed Sahraie¹ (Corresponding Author), Ali Ghaffari², Majid Amidpour²

^1. National Iranian Southfield Oil Co. *Email: Hamed.Sahraie@yahoo.com

^2. K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. hamed_s463@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this paper the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used to identify and model a real debutanizer column in one of the Iranian refineries. The outputs of dynamic model in addition to recent inputs depend on previous outputs and inputs. Selected inputs and outputs are those that will be used as manipulated and controlled variables. The type and number of membership functions obtain from error and trial approach and optimal configuration is chosen by root mean square error (RSME) criterion. According to RMSE between real and simulated outputs, the obtained model is acceptable with the aim of control.

[Hamed Sahraie, Ali Ghaffari, Majid Amidpour. ANFIS Approach for Identification of Debutanizer Column. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):1-9]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.01

Keywords: Debutanizer column; Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System; ANFIS; system identification; modeling

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An optimistic concurrency control approach for faster abortion of conflicting transactions

Fatemeh Abdi Saghavaz

Faculty Member of Nima Non-profit Institution, Mahmudabad County, Mazandaran, Iran

fasaabdi@nima.ac.ir

Abstract: In this paper, the main focus was on designing a concurrency control mechanism which is suitable for mobile database systems. In the suggested plan, a new architecture is proposed for mobile environments, which causes acceleration when committing the transactions and reduces the communication overload of this environment. In addition, we enhance the conventional optimistic concurrency control with an early termination mechanism on conflicting transactions, called "intermediate validation phase". By using this phase, conflicting transactions can be identified timely and terminated before reaching the validation phase. This mechanism is highly desirable in the mobile environment, because allowing conflicting transactions to continue, not only wastes constrained computing power and low bandwidth, but also exacerbates conflicts. This observation leads to ignore some conflicts and reduce restarts.

[Fatemeh Abdi Saghavaz. An optimistic concurrency control approach for faster abortion of conflicting transactions. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):10-16]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.02

Keywords: Mobile Database, Concurrency Control, Transaction

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Guaranteed Purchasing power in Subsidy omitting in Iran

Mehdi Barimani¹, Mohammad Reza Abedi²

^1. Mazandaran Regional Electric Company, Iran

^2. Iran Power Generation Transmission and Distribution Management Company, Tavanir

m.barimani@mazrec.co.ir

Abstract: Reforms in electricity industry and directed subsidy are one of the important acts for achieving sustainable energy in Iran. Actually According to the important event in omitting the subsidy in Iran since 2011, create attraction in investment and encouraging private investor are main factors to achieve the sustainable energy in Iran. Power guaranteed purchasing is the main condition for continued to investing in this part. In this article by measuring and Comparing Marginal Cost of electricity production in result of directed subsidy in two moods; with social cost and without social cost in Iran, recommended tariffs of guaranteed electricity for creating investment private sector to achieve the sustainable energy and Sustainable Development in Iran. All of the measuring in this research is done through COMFAR software. 

[Mehdi Barimani, Mohammad Reza Abedi. Guaranteed Purchasing power in Subsidy omitting in Iran. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):17-25]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.03

Keywords: Guaranteed Purchasing, Tariff, Power Plant

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The Effect of Application of Humic Acid Foliar on Biochemical Parameters of Pistachio under Drought Stress

Mohammad Reza Bagherzadeh Kasmani¹ (Corresponding Author), Saeid Samavat², Mostafa Mostafavi³, Ahmad Khalighi³

^1.Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran

^2. Institute of Soil and Water, Karaj, Iran.

^3.Deparment of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran

Reza.Kasmani@gmail.com

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the resistance of pistachio plants (Iranian Badami cultivar) to drought stress via different treatments of humic acid. A total of 108 one–year–old pistachio seedlings were used in a 4×3 factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replicates and 3 plants for each replicate. The two factors involved were drought stress and humic acid. The former was used in three levels, namely D1) 80% of field capacity (control), D2) 40% of field capacity (medium stress), and D3) 20% of field capacity (severe stress); the latter in four levels of H1) 0, H2) 500, H3) 1000, and H4) 1500 ppm, respectively. Traits measured in this experiment included leaf chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), proline amino acid, abscisic acid hormone (ABA) in fresh leaf, and root dry weight. The results of this investigation revealed that drought stress (severe type) increased proline amino acid and ABA. Whereas, it decreased root dry weight, relative water content (RWC), and leaf chlorophyll content (P≤0.05). The effect of different levels of humic acid on all measured parameters was significant (P≤0.05). According to the results, humic acid treatments resulted in a reduction of proline amino acid and ABA in comparison to those of plants without humic acid treatments. Conversely, leaf chlorophyll content, root dry weight, and relative water content (RWC) were increased by humic acid treatments in combination with drought stress (severe stress).

[Mohammad Reza Bagherzadeh Kasmani, Saeid Samavat, Mostafa Mostafavi, Ahmad Khalighi. The Effect of Application of Humic Acid Foliar on Biochemical Parameters of Pistachio under Drought Stress. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):26-31]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.04

Keywords: pistachio, drought stress, humic acid, proline, abscisic acid hormone

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Characterization of Protein Patterns of Some Wheat Varieties as Affected by Some Bio-Regulators

¹Ali, A. El-Hosary; ¹Gaber, Y. Hammam; ²Abdalla, El-Morsi; ²Esmat, A. Hassan; ²Mohamed, E. El-Awadi and ²Yasser, R. Abdel-Baky

¹Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt

²Botany Department, National Research center, Egypt

el-awadi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Fractionation and characterization of grain storage proteins of three wheat varieties Sakha-93, Gemiza-7 and Gemiza-9, cultivated in newly cultivated land (Nubaria region) as affected by some bio-regulator treatments was carried out by Sodium Dodecyle Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Wheat grains of the three varieties were collected from different bio-regulator treatments. The dendrogram profile data showed the variation in the number and position of bands from one variety to another as affected by bio-regulator treatments, while some bands are considered common.

[Ali, A. El-Hosary; Gaber, Y. Hammam;  Abdalla, El-Morsi;  Esmat, A. Hassan; Mohamed, E. El-Awadi and Yasser, R. Abdel-Baky. Characterization of Protein Patterns of Some Wheat Varieties as Affected by Some Bio-Regulators. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):32-37]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.05

Key words: SDS-PAGE, wheat grains, bio-regulators.

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Construction of a Whole‐Cell Biosensor for Detection of Cadmium in Water Solution

Rastegarpanah, M.¹, Saidijam, M.^1&2*, Shabab, N.², Hassanzadeh, T.^1&3, Rahmani, A.R.⁴, Karimi, M.³ and Alikhani, M.⁵

¹ Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran

² Molecular Medicine and Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran

³ Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran

⁴ Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

⁵ Microbiology Department, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

sjam110@yahoo.com

Abstract: The best choice for evaluating the bioavailable deduction among thousands of toxic and hazardous pollutants is whole-cell bacterial biosensors. Major advantage of biosensors in detection of environmental contaminants is real-time perception and on-site monitoring. In bacterial biosensors reporter gene are located alongside of promoter that is sensitive to specific pollutant. Pollutant- responsive promoter in the presence of target through biochemical pathways within the cell cause the reporter gene is expressed. The activation of reporter gene can be created a detectable and measurable response. An effort has been made to construct the whole-cell biosensors by using cadR gene and its related promoter/operator from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1, gfp gene as the reporter, plasmid pET28a and genetic engineering technique that is be able to clearly show the presence of cadmium in water samples. Cadmium detection by using this biosensor was done by means of microscopy and fluorometry techniques. Our results demonstrate that there is a strong positive correlation between the number of fluorescent cells and concentration of cadmium in samples. Constructed biosensor could be used successfully as a device to determine the biologically relevant concentrations of cadmium in contaminated wastewater.

[Rastegarpanah, M., Saidijam, M, Shabab, N., Hassanzadeh, T., Rahmani, A.R., Karimi, M. and Alikhani, M. Construction of a Whole Cell Biosensor for Detection of Cadmium in Water Solution. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):38-43]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.06

Keywords: Environmental Pollutants, Biosensing Techniques, Green Fluorescent protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Role of Agricultural Sector in Decreasing Poverty based on Fixed Price Multiplier coefficients Approach

Sanaz Abbasian Nigjeh

Master’s Degree in The Field of Economic Science

sabasian67@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present paper mentions the importance of agricultural sector in major development and increasing public welfare and discusses an important purpose as eradicating poverty in the society by fast growth in the agricultural sector. With respect to poverty eradication the results achieved from different studies (including Dat & Ravalvin, 2002) indicate that the role of agriculture in decreasing poverty is more significant than the industrial and urban development sectors in several cases. The main purpose of this paper is presenting theoretical principles with respect to the place of agricultural sector in decreasing poverty and analyzing direct and indirect effects of FGT (Foster-Greer-Thorbecke) poverty index separately for different economic activities against increase in production or request of a determined pat of the economics as a results of application of general economic policies using fixed price multiplier coefficients approach in the scope of social accounting matrix pattern. Using the technique presented in this paper along with analysis of the presented index can be used as a useful instrument for relating the growth pattern with the decrease in poverty. In this paper by using social accounting matrix of the year 2006 in Iran in 14 different economic activities plus the statistics related to the families budget it has been indicated that the development in rural agriculture sector has the most share in decreasing poverty.

[Sanaz Abbasian Nigjeh. Role of Agricultural Sector in Decreasing Poverty based on Fixed Price Multiplier coefficients Approach. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):44-53]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.07

Keywords: Poverty Eradication, FGT (Foster-Greer-Thorbecke) Poverty Index, Fixed Price Multiplier coefficients Approach, Social Accounting Matrix

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Bacteriology studies on Bacillus thuringiensis

AK. Al-Ghamdi¹ and Hanan, M. Sobhy²

¹ Medical Laboratory Technology Departments, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

²Head of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Food deficiency Department- Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Gizza.

aalghamdi@kau.edu.sa;  AK6060@hotmail.com

Abstract: Dipel 2x (Bacillus thuringiensis) was used to detect its antibacterial effect against group of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including Clostridium perfringens type B, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Actinomyces pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The agar gel diffusion technique as well as biochemical analysis were used to obtain the results. The tested biological substance were effective against some common bacteria (E. coli and S. typhimurium), but less effective against C. perfringens. Dipel 2x was effective against aerobic bacteria (E. coli and S. typhimurium) but less effective against anaerobic bacteria, including (C. perfringens type B). Satisfactory results were obtained by oral administration of Dipel 2x in doses of 50 mg/100 gm b.wt. for 7 successive days into mature infected rats, which produced a significant decrease in the serum level of total protein, AST, AP activity, creatinine, bilirubin and ALT. Rats orally administered with antibiotic (chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin in doses of 27 mg and 0.5 mg/100 gm b.wt.) after infection by E. coli showed significant increases in total protein, creatinine, bilirubin levels, ALT, and ALK phosphates in serum.

[Hanan, M. Sobhy and AK. Al-Ghamdi. Bacteriology studies on Bacillus thuringiensis. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):54-58]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.08

Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis), Clostridium perfringens type B, E. coli ,Salmonella typhimurium, enrofloxacin , chloramphenicol

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Antibiotic susceptibility profile of urinary tract isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

Adeleke O E* ¹ and Olarinde J D ²

^1&2Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

adelzek@yahoo.com

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus has a common occurrence in the urinary tract infections thereby necessitating a regular monitoring of the susceptibility of organism to antibiotics. Fifty isolates of S. aureus from urine samples of patients attending University College Hospital, Ibadan were collected and screened by standard biochemical and microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was carried out by disk-diffusion method; their ability to produce beta-lactamase was tested by the cell suspension iodometric method. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) of augmentin, ceftriaxone and penicillin G against twenty of the isolates were determined by the tube-dilution technique. All the isolates investigated were Staphylococcus aureus, and 84% of them produced beta-lactamase. The S. aureus strains were highly sensitive to nitrofurantoin (78%), ofloxacin (70%) and augmentin (66%) but showed high resistance to cotrimoxazole (80%), tetracycline (60%), nalidixic acid (78%), amoxicillin (78%), gentamicin (60%) and novobiocin (44%). Over 70% of all the isolates exhibited multiple antibiotics resistance. Sixty percent of the twenty (12) isolates whose MIC and MBC were determined were sensitive to ceftriaxone while only 25% (5) were sensitive to augmentin. All the isolates were resistant to penicillin G. S. aureus remains a common aetiology of urinary tract infection among patients and the drugs of choice could be nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin, augmentin and ceftriaxone. The high multiple antibiotic resistance observed underscores the need to conduct antibiotic susceptibility testing before prescription in order to avoid therapeutic failure.

[Adeleke O E and Olarinde J D. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of urinary tract isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):59-64]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.09

Keywords: S. aureus, urinary tract infection, resistance, antibiotics, beta-lactamase

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Control of Rot of Kolanut caused by Botrydiplodia Theobromae using some Plant Leaf Extracts

O. A. Ojo¹, Oladiran A.O²

^1. Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

^2.Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

ojo.cep@hotmail.com

Abstract: Water and ethanol leaf extracts of five plant species significantly (P≥0.05) reduced the in vitro radial growth, sporulation, fresh weight and dry weight of Botrydiplodia theobromae as well as the development of rot disease in Kolanut seeds during storage. Ethanol extract of Terminaliasuperba gave significantly (P>0.05) highest rot reduction of 96.3% when it was used to treat unwounded kolanut seed for 12hours. This was followed by ethanol extract of Pycathus angonensis that gave a rot reduction of 91.4%. In the control untreated kolanut seed zero percent rot reduction was observed. Ethanol extract of all tested plants significantly inhibit the growth and sporulation of Botrydiplodia theobromae as well as subsequent rot development. Terminaliasuperba and Pycathus angonensis appears to have the potentials to be used for managing kolanut seed rot during storage.

[O. A. Ojo, Oladiran A.O. Control of Rot of Kolanut caused by Botrydiplodia Theobromae using some Plant Leaf Extracts. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):65-70]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.10

Key words: Kolanut seed rot, Botrydiplodia theobromae, antifungal plant extract.

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Good intention in the realm of thought of Imam Khomeini

Razieh SadriKhrasanlo (M.A)¹, Mahdi Khodaei (Ph.D)², Ebrahim Sadighi (Ph.D)³

Department of Religious Jurisprudence and Islamic law, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

Abstract: The Good intention of good and right in front of in word means that corruption is an evil means. We know that Islam is containing a comprehensive knowledge Where to answer human needs in each age lies, As well as Lord Almighty, is at Wise Lord of Wisdom and purpose of any business lies in its ruling And whether the futility and pointless act and not the essence of this vice, and has considerable The interest of in their sentences. Issues related to various aspects of law and the interest of are of fundamental importance, Many Sunni scholar's interest as an independent source of legal rulings have known for inference but I have deemed The interest of in Sunni school of Imami discourse has serious differences. Sunni scholars concerning Expedient (Morsalhe) Building opened in the jurisprudence But Shiite scholars and some Sunni scholars the interest of to have not accepted as evidence along with other evidence, but particular attention to this element. Deemed to mean the ruling government and community leaders should be the most important criteria to consider in your decision. Whenever deemed to be obtrusive together comprise the interest of the government or ruling is inconsistent with the provisions of the judiciary, Must deemed important or critical judgment in the main shrine of sacrifice.

 [Razieh SadriKhrasanlo, Mahdi Khodaei, Ebrahim Sadighi. Good intention in the realm of thought of Imam Khomeini. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):71-73]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.11

Keywords: Good intention, Imam Khomeini, realm of thought, Ordinances governing

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Demographic profile of ‘out-of- school’ Children in the age group of 6 – 14 yrs in the administrative Block of Khansahib (Budgam)

Dilruba Syed Yatu ^1, , Hafiz Mudasir ^2.

¹Ph.D Research Scholar, Dept of Education, University of Kashmir, India

²Hafiz Mudasir, Ph.D Research Scholar, Dr. C.V Raman University, Chhattisgarh, India

hafizmudasir@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The present study, and measure the various parameters of out-of- school’ Children in the age group of 6 – 14 in administrative Block of District Budgam. The study revealed that the total population of the district is 735753. The total literacy percentage of the district is 57.98%. The literacy rate among males is 68.18% and among females is 46.66% and the literacy rate among males is higher than that of females. It also depicted that the total population of the block is 220815 and total literacy percentage is 39%. Literacy rate among males is 62% and in females it is 38% and the literacy rate among males is higher than that of females. The study also revealed that there are 600 out of school children, out of which, 212 children are attending child work centres and 388 children were sitting idle and are not attending any type of child work centres, the percentage of children attending child work centres is 35.33 and that of idle children is 64.66 and the percentage of idle children is higher than that of children attending child work centres. It also shows that 212 children are engaged in various work centres, the highest no. of children i.e, 77 (36.32 %) are engaged in carpet weaving and the lowest no. of children i.e., 18(8.4%) are engaged in embroidery. The study shows that the highest  number of children i.e., 68 (32.07 %) belong to the age group of 14 years and in age groups of 6,7 and 8 years, not even a single child is attending any type of work centre. It also  indicates that out of 600 children, 23 (3.83%) belong to 6 yr age- group,53 (8.83%) belong to 7 yr age- group,78 (13.00%) belong to the 8 yr of age- group,58(9.66%) belonged to the 9 yr age- group, 84(14.00%) belong to the 12 yr age- group,98 (16.33%)belong to the 13 yr age- group and the remaining  55(9.16%) belong to the 14 yr age- group and the highest number of children i.e., 98 (16.33%) belong to the 13 yr age- group and the lowest  number of children i.e,23 (3.83%) belong to the 6 yr age- group. It also indicates that most of the children i.e., 385 belong to their nuclear families and their percentage is 64.16 and the remaining 215 children belong to the joint families and their percentage is 35.83.

[Dilruba Syed Yatu, Hafiz Mudasir. Demographic profile of ‘out-of- school’ Children in the age group of 6 – 14 yrs in the administrative Block of Khansahib (Budgam). N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):74-78]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.12

Key words: Demographic Profile, Out-of-School children, Efficiency, Productivity.

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Effect of Ultrasound Guided Embryo Transfer on Pregnancy Rates

Ahmed Rushdi Ammar¹, Khaled Said Mousa¹, Noha Hamed Rabei ² and Amira Galal ²

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine,  Ain Shams University, Cairo Egypt

² M.B., B.Ch. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Benha University, Egypt

noha.rabei@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: to assess the effect of transabdominal ultrasound guidance during embryo transfer (ET) on the per transfer pregnancy rate. Design: A prospective randomized double blind study. Setting: University based IVF practice. Patients and methods: a total of 90 patients undergoing treatment with ICSI were divided into two groups: Group I: had ultrasound guided ET, Group II: Underwent ET using the clinical touch technique. Main outcomes measure: Clinical pregnancy rate, the ongoing pregnancy rate and the abortion rate were evaluated. Results: There was an increase in the clinical pregnancy rate and the ongoing pregnancy rate but with no statistical significant difference. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided ET is simple and improves the outcomes though with no statistical significance yet it may be used to offer the patients the maximum possibility of pregnancy.

[Ahmed Rushdi Ammar, Khaled Said Mousa, Noha Hamed Rabei and Amira Galal. Effect of Ultrasound Guided Embryo Transfer on Pregnancy Rates. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):79-83]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.13

Key words: Embryo transfer, Transabdominal ultrasound, in vitro fertilization. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier

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Isolation and identification of volatile substances in Alphonso mango leaves repellent to Kilifia acuminata (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Coccidae)

Abd Elrahman M. Monzer, Hesham A. Srour and Ahmed M. Abd El-Ghany

Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

hamsor98@hotmail.com

Abstract: Leaves of Alphonso mango cultivar showed a repellant effect toward the mango shield scale Kilifia acuminata (Signoret) in the laboratory bioassay. The volatile components of Alphonso leaf were extracted with hexane and fractionated with tow successive silica gel column chromatography using tow different solvent systems. Results of chemotaxis assay and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of the isolated fractions showed that α-pinene, β-pinene and d-limonene are three volatiles present in Alphonso leaves and possess insect-repellant properties. It is suggested that the combined action of α-pinene, β-pinene and d-limonene could be responsible –at least in part -for non-preference of K. acuminata to leaves of Alphonso mango cultivar.

 [Abd Elrahman M. Monzer, Hesham A. Srour and Ahmed M. Abd El-Ghany. Isolation and identification of volatile substances in Alphonso mango leaves repellent to Kilifia acuminata (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Coccidae)]. N Y Sci J 2013:6(12):84-91]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 14

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.14

Keywords: Mangifera indica, Kilifia acuminata, volatiles, repellent, α-pinene, β-pinene, d-limonene

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Survey of Viewer’s Unconscious, Facing “The killing of Arjasb in Brazen Hold”

Leila Daem Inanloo

MA in Fine Art (Painting), Faculty of Art, Al Zahra University, Tehran, Iran

Leila_daem@yahoo.com

Abstract: For many years, one could clearly see the influence of unconscious in the artworks of many artists around the world. But, what we are studying in this thesis is the focus and attention of Iranian miniatures in using unconscious in a conscious way by incorporating time and movement and sometimes just by ignoring them. Unconscious is a part of human mind in the absence of consciousness. When several events happen in the same time and conscious mind could barely remember one or two of them, the unconscious mind keeps them all in the memory so it could be recalled in another time when the right stimuli exists. An Iranian painter try to give it a chance for being by setting up simultaneous events in one scenario so he could find a common space between what he makes as an artwork and his audiences history of past. He could then challenge the mind of his audiences in the process of every movement and invite them to think and therefore enjoy the artwork. The aim of this research is to understand and study the existence of unconscious in Iranian miniatures in which the simultaneousness of story elements plays a great role and also to answer this question that how unconsciousness has created this simultaneousness. First I have studied young’s and freud’s point of view about unconsciousness and its influence on everyday human life And what could influence the action and the reaction of human as time goes by Then the memory and its different kinds, time and its influence on unconscious has been studied and finally I have discussed that the reason for ambiguity in Iranian paintings, is the existence of such an elements in creating the unconscious.

[Leila Daem Inanloo. Survey of Viewer’s Unconscious, Facing “The killing of Arjasb in Brazen Hold”. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):92-97]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 15

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.15

Keywords: Ambiguity in Iranian Miniatures, Miniature and Unconscious, Conscious

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Effectiveness of gratitude training on happiness in mother of child with mental retardation

Maryam Tofangchi¹ (Corresponding author), Mohammadbagher Kajbaf², Amir Ghamarani³

^1. M.A. in psychology, Isfahan Science &Research Branch,Islamic azad university, Isfahan, Iran

^2. Associate professor of Education, University of Isfahan. Isfahan, Iran

^3. Assistant professor of special Education, University of Isfahan. Isfahan, Iran

tofangchi_m@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of the present research was to assess the effectiveness of gratitude training on happiness in mothers of child with mental retardation. The research method was semi- empirical with pretest- post test, which was held on the control group. Research statistic population included mothers of mentally retarded children in Isfahan city in the year 2013.The research sample included about thirty two mother and were selected voluntary and placed in Two groups: Experimental and control. The instrument used where 29 items questionnaire of Oxford (2013). Experimental interference (gratitude training) was held on the experimental group. After finishing the training Program, post- test was held on both groups, for analyzing the data, covariance was used (mancova) analysis. Results showed that the mother's happiness level was increased appreciation of education.

[Maryam Tofangchi, Mohammadbagher Kajbaf, Amir Ghamarani. Effectiveness of gratitude training on happiness in mother of child with mental retardation. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):98-101]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 16

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.16

Keywords: Gratitude training, happiness, families with mentally retarded children

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Overview of Kerman monographs

Hakimeh Daneshvar¹ (Corresponding Author), Parvin Salari Chineh²

^1. PhD student of Persian literature in Mashad Ferdousi University, head of Farhangian University of Shahid Bahonar Campus

^2. PhD (doctorate of educative science, professor of Farhangian University of Shahid Bahonar Campus)

afsanesalari@yahoo.com

Abstract: By rapid growth of science and technology in various areas accompanying with lack of familiarity of young generation with rich folklore culture, gradual ignorance of this valuable repository is of concern. This culture in form of monograph can help considerably preserve this valuable repository. This research is aimed to review briefly monographic background in Iran, rural, urban and neighboring monographs in Kerman regarding necessity and significance of monograph. The present research was done by a library based methodology derived from Al-Ahmad, Saedi, Shahri’s monographs and Kermani monographs. Research results show that monograph dated back to one hundred years ago based on Lorimer’s book “Kerman folk culture”. After establishment of Kerman studies center in 1989 and conduction of 18 seminars, provincial researches have been specially paid attention and valuable works of monograph have been registered in the province such as Koohbanan folk culture (2005), Shahr-e babak culture and history (2004). But there is no published work about villages and suburbs of Kerman except the book “a trip on Chatroud town”. Since it is not possible to write all details of folk culture, because of high expansion of cities, so pay attention to neighboring monographs including the book “history of mosque and neighborhood of Khajeh Khezr is very vital in order to preserve folk culture.

[akimeh Daneshvar, Parvin Salari Chineh. Overview of Kerman monographs. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):102-109]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 17

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.17

Keywords: monograph, Kerman monographs, rural monographs, neighboring monograph

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An architecture design for low aborting rate (LAR) concurrency control in mobile databases

Fatemeh Abdi Saghavaz

Faculty Member of Nima Non-profit Institution, Mahmudabad County, Mazandaran, Iran

fasaabdi@nima.ac.ir

Abstract: In the mobile environments, due to some specific features such as the bandwidth restriction, displacement in various geographical regions and disconnection, the efficient and cost-effective design of the concurrency control mechanisms, require techniques that are completely different from the distributed databases. Although the concurrency control protocols which are suggested for the distributed environments can be developed for the mobile environments, their efficiency might be very different from that of the distributed environments. In the suggested plan, it's offered a new architecture for the mobile database in which a set of cells form a region and one of these cells under the name ‘mobile transaction manager’(MTM) is responsible for the transactions concurrency control which is very suitable for the mobile databases. Also, the suggested concurrency control mechanism which is adopted from an optimistic approach is able to significantly reduce the aborting rate of the transactions in the mobile environment using the transactions early termination mechanism and ignoring some conflictions.

[Fatemeh Abdi Saghavaz. An architecture design for low aborting rate (LAR) concurrency control in mobile databases. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):110-120]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 18

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.18

Keywords: Mobile Database, Optimistic Concurrency Control, Conflicting Transaction 

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Early cleavage of human embryos is a strong predictor for embryo implantation in ICSI

Edessy M¹, Ali AEN¹, Fata A² and Hamed W¹.

¹ Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Al Azhar University (Assiut), Egypt.

² International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research (IICPSR), Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

Abstract: Purpose: To observe whether early cleavage can be a predictor of pregnancy and implantation rates. Methods: A total of 193 infertile couples, attending the ART unit, International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research (IICPSR), -Al- Azhar University in the period from December 2010 to September 2012, were included in this study. The controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocol was performed according to a long GnRH agonist protocol starting in the midluteal phase (day 21) of the preceding cycle. Embryos were assessed at 25 – 27 hr after ICSI for early cleavage. Embryos which reached the two cell stage at this interval were classified as Early Cleavage (EC) embryos, and the remaining as Non Early Cleavage (NEC) embryos. Embryos were assessed again at 64 - 68 hours post-ICSI for day-three embryo morphology. Day 3 embryo transfer was done. The best two or three embryos, according to day 3 embryo morphology were transferred. The patients were subdivided into two subgroups; one will transfer early cleavage embryos (EC) and the other will transfer non early cleavage embryo (NEC). Results: We found that transfer of early cleavage embryos (EC) led to significantly higher pregnancy rates as compared to non early cleavage embryos (NEC) (43.30 % versus 21.88 %; P = 0.005), and also higher implantation rates (25.58 % versus 11.35 %; P = 0.000). Also we found that the EC embryos had significantly higher proportion of good quality embryos when compared to NEC embryos (P = 0.000). Conclusion: early cleavage could be an additional factor for selecting embryos with a higher potential of implantation and successful pregnancy

[Edessy M, Ali AEN, Fata A  and Hamed W. Early cleavage of human embryos is a strong predictor for embryo implantation in ICSI. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):121-126]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 19

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.19

Key words: ICSI, multiple pregnancy, early cleavage

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Presence Of Keratinophilic Fungi In Schools Playing Grounds In Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria

G.C. Agu¹, W. R Shoyemi¹, B. T. Thomas², K.P.Gbadamosi¹

¹Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.

²Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Lagos

 Corresponding author: Thomas, B.T.

E-mail: benthoa2013@gmail.com, Phone no: +2348064011412

Abstract: A total of 80 soil samples was examined from 10 school playinggrounds in Sagamu city for the isolation and identification of keratinophilicfungi using hair baiting technique. Results from this study revealed sixspecies of of organisms belonging to three different genera viz; Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichophyton. The prevalence rate of these organisms were Aspergillus niger 45 (15.56%), Aspergillus flavus 45(35.56%), Aspergillusfumigatus 45(15.56%), Pencillium species 45(15.56%),Trichophtyonrubum 45(11.11%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes 45(6.65%). This studytherefore confirmed the biodynamism of the isolated organisms in theschools playing ground studied.

[G.C. Agu, W. R Shoyemi, B. T. Thomas, K.P. Gbadamosi. Presence Of Keratinophilic Fungi In Schools Playing Grounds In Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):127-130]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 20

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.20

Keywords: Keratinophilic fungi, Playing grounds, Hair baiting technique.

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Biochemical Effects of Nicotine on the Testis of Adult Male Rats

Osama M. Badr¹; Samir A. El-Masry²; Magda A. Mansor³and Hammam A. Ebead ²

Departments of ¹Animal Biotechnology & ²Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University, Egypt

³Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minoufia University, Egypt

osbadr2003@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study is aimed at determining the biochemical effect of Nicotine on male testis ices by evaluating, serum concentration of testosterone, androgen binding protein (ABP), FSH and LH. Nicotine caused a significant malfunction (P < 0.05) in the mean values of serum sexual hormones, testosterone, ABP, FSH and LH concentration in the testis when compared with the control. It was concluded that nicotine caused decreasing of testosterone and increasing of ABP, FSH and LH concentrations in the serum. Also the toxic effect of nicotine on the germ cell layers in somniferous tubule with concomitant reduction in reproductive potentials of the male rat was exerted. Nicotine should therefore be taken with caution in cases of infertility. A total of adult 30 male rats weighing from (250-300 g); were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n=10), the control group; group 2 (n=10), nicotine - low dose "0.25mg/kg" body weight; group 3 (n=10), nicotine – high dose “0.5mg/kg” body weight. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected in tubes, and separated the serum for the determination of testosterone, androgen binding protein (ABP), FSH and LH. The results showed that serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased in both treated rats groups, low and high dose, compared with control animals (P < 0.05). On the other hand, serum androgen binding protein (ABP), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were significantly increased in both treated rats groups, low and high dose, compared with control animals (P < 0.05). The present investigation was designed to study the biochemical effects of nicotine on testis of adult male albino rats.

[Osama M. Badr; Samir A. El-Masry; Magda A. Mansor and Hammam A. Ebead. Biochemical Effects of Nicotine on the Testis of Adult Male Rats. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):131-135]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 21

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.21

Key words: Nicotine, male rats, testis, sexual hormones, testosterone, ABP, FSH and LH hormones.

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Reducing  Waiting Time in Patients Undergone Spinal Surgeries at Operation’s room of Shohada-ye-Tajrish Hospital using Six Sigma Model

Mohamad Reza Maleki ¹, Liela Riahi ², Terifeh Dashti³

¹Invited  Professor, Department Health Care Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

²Professor, Department of Health Care Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

³M.A Student of Health Care Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

t_dashti2010@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background and Aim: Since reducing the waiting time is one of the effective factors in patient’s satisfaction on quality of services, eliminating of additional process could contribute more to increase utilization of operating room and satisfaction of patients. This research was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of Six Sigma on decreasing of waiting time for starting operation surgery for patient of spine surgery in operating room of Shohada-ye- Tajrish Hospital in Tehran. Material and Methods: This study was conducted with the benefit of Six Sigma model in four stages , with qualitative and quantitative methods. The study sample comprised all patients who have spine surgery in Shohadaye Tajrish hospital in three kind of operation: Lumbar fusion, Lumbar laminectomy, Cage implant, in six month duration before and after implementation of six sigma. The sample size was 198 persons. Data collection tools were: Chronometer clock, time measurement forms, and surgery operation registration notebooks. After entering raw data into the software( Minitab) has been calculated by descriptive statistics and central measures, scissoring (average, standard deviation). Results: Average waiting time for surgery reduction for patient with lumber laminectomy 51.4 minutes with standard deviation of 21.2, in Cage implant 62.6 with standard deviation of 18.3, and in Lumbar fusion surgery 51.6 with standard deviation of 20.7 has been reached after implementation of Six-Sigma. Conclusions: postponement of personnel attendance in recovery room in order to transfer the patient to operating room, transferring the patient to the operating room until changing the nursing shift, nursing resource shortage, prematurely attendance of second and third patient at recovery and lack of physical space of recovery were main factors of increasing patient waiting time. Improvement were taken in order to reduce the average of waiting time for start of the operation surgery by cooperating the attendance of patient after changing the nursing shift, estimating the completion time of the first operation and calling the next patient to the operating room then, and preparing sufficient manpower and enlarging recovery physical space.Keywords: Waiting time, Six Sigma, DMAIC cycle, Operating Room, Surgery.

[Mohamad Reza Maleki, Liela Riahi, Terifeh Dashti. Reducing Waiting Time in Patients Undergone Spinal Surgeries at Operation’s room of Shohada-ye-Tajrish Hospital using Six Sigma Model. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):136-141]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 22

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.22

Keywords: Waiting time, Six Sigma, DMAIC cycle, Operating Room, Surgery

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Orientalists and the Hesitation of Plagiarism in the Holy Quran

Delara Nemati Pir Ali (ph.D)¹, Mojgan Khanbaba (ph.D)²

1. Department of Quran and Hadith sciences, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

Email: delara.nemati@kiau.ac.ir, Mobile: 00989122181021

2. Department of Quran and Hadith sciences, Islamic Azad University ‘Tehran – Iran

Email: Moj.khanbaba@gmail.com, Mobile: 00989126605916

Abstract: There are numerous references and sources including the pre-Islamic era poems considered for the Holy Quran by western Quran researchers. The most disputed one is the poems of Imrau Al-Qais, according to effect on the prophet’s thoughts and formation of the Holy Quran. But the documental and textual investigation of these poems shows that this claim is groundless according to the attributions of the claimed poems to the owner and weaknesses in structure and the lack of proportion with social and cultural situation of pre-Islam Arabs.

[Delara Nemati Pir Ali.Mojgan Khanbaba. Orient lists and the Hesitation of Plagiarism in the Holy Quran. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):142-147]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 23

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.23

Keywords: references and sources of Quran, plagiarism, the pre-Islamic poems, orient lists, ImrauAl-Qais.

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Phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles on Vicia faba seedlings

Essam Ahmed Abdel-Azeem ¹* and Badr Awad Elsayed ²

^1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

^2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

*essam_1616@hotmail.com

Abstract: Silver engineered nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used nanoparticles and expected to enter natural ecosystem. Here, we examined the effect of different sizes of AgNPs (65, 50 and 20 nm) on germination percent, root growth, Mitotic Index (MI) and chromosomal aberrations at 50 ppm for time intervals (6, 12 and 24 hrs) in Vicia faba. As compared to the control (untreated), the results clearly revealed that the germination percent not affected after treatments whereas root length, mitotic indices as well as chromosomal morphology much more affected. As the nanoparticle size decreased, the mitotic index and root growth values were found to be decreased with the increasing in duration of treatment (hrs), at the same time, the numbers of aberrant cells were observed to be increased. Cytological changes were observed viz. disturbed chromosomes at metaphase and anaphase, laggards, fragments, bridges, chromosome stickiness and micronuclei (Mn). Our findings suggest that seed germination of the tested plant is resistance to AgNPs whereas root length as well as mitotic cell cycle were susceptible to both size particles and duration of treatment.

[Abdel-Azeem EA and Elsayed BA. Phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles on Vicia faba seedlings. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):148-156]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 24

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.24

Keywords: AgNPs; germination; root growth; mitosis; aberrant cells; Vicia faba 

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Molecular and Microscopic Studies of Malaria Parasites (Plasmodium)

Alaa Abd El-Aziz Mohammad samn and Karima M. Metwall

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Cairo, boys ) and Zoology Department, Faculty of Science(Cairo, girls ), Al-Azhar University.

alaasamn@yahoo.com

Abstract: Malaria causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Improvements in malaria diagnostics should facilitate the identification of individuals infected with the malarial parasites and the treatment of such cases with appropriate drugs. Traditional diagnosis, based on the microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thick and thin films remains the main standard for diagnosis. Although it has good sensitivity and allows species identification and parasite counts, it is time consuming, requires microscopically expertise and maintenance of equipment. Advanced diagnostic techniques based on the detection of nucleic acid (including PCR) are now available. A total of eighty six (86) blood specimens were collected from all patients associated with symptoms that admitting physicians on duty considered indicative of a malaria infection (fever, abdominal pain, jaundice and black urine). Among the 86 suspected cases revealed 46(56%) were positive while 40(44%) were slide negative by microscopic examination compared to 61(70%) examined by PCR diagnosed positive for Plasmodium genus given 153 base pair PCR product. The thin films showed parasitaemia ranged from 1+ to 4+.

[Alaa Abd El-Aziz Mohammad samn and Karima M. Metwall. Molecular and Microscopic Studies of Malaria Parasites (Plasmodium). N Y Sci J 2013:6(12):157-162]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 25

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.25

Keywords: Malaria, DNA, PCR, Diagnosis

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Enhancement of lactose removing ability via Beta-galactosidase mutagenesis

Essam A. Abdel-Azeem ¹, Kamal M. Khlil ², Mohammed A. Khedr ¹, Usama M. Badr ² and Said E. Desouky ¹*

^1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

^2. Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt

*dr_saidesouky@yahoo.com

Abstract: Lactose intolerance (LI) is a disturbing problem for patient who can’t digest lactose owing to deficiency in their intestinal β-galactosidase enzyme. β-galactosidase enzyme is a one of hydrolysis enzymes that splits lactose into glucose and galactose and each of them are easily digested in intestine. Two possible processes can be used for solving LI problem, the augment of lactase or the addition of probiotics that have the ability to metabolize lactose. To accomplish the two goals, sixteen Escherichia coli strains were investigated for their ability to produce β-galactosidase enzyme and the highest β-galactosidase producer strain, MS-29, was selected for UV manipulation. The enzyme productivity of the best 5 mutants, MS-29-M3, MS-29-M4, MS-29-M30, MS-29-M40 and MS-29-M44, were increased more than one fold. To check lactose removing ability, potent mutants were cultivated on various milks including cow’s milk, goat’s milk and drinkable yogurt with lactose content as 4, 3 and 6% respectively. Lactose removing ability was enhanced by all mutants and complete lactose removing from goat’s milk samples was done successfully within 72h cultivation. MS-29-M3, best mutant either in β-galactosidase productivity or lactose removing ability, could be recommended as lactase producer strain and  LI probiotic.

[Abdel-Azeem EA, Khlil KM, Khedr MA, Badr UM and Desouky SE. Enhancement of lactose removing ability via Beta-galactosidase mutagenesis. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):163-168]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 26

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.26

Keywords: Escherichia coli; β-galactosidase; lactose; UV mutation; lactose intolerance

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Energy saving, environmental benefits, economic returns and Performance evaluation study of HPS and LED lighting systems in Roadways

Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim ¹, ’Mohamed Mehanna ², Mohamed Abd-elmonem ³

^1. Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo-Egypt.

mohamed.pee@gmail.com

Abstract: A new Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Lighting system is proposed as an optimized solution for existing and future roadway lighting system in comparison to High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lighting system (While the CF lighting system brought out of the competition) due to the LED high quality, life time and Light Output efficacy in comparison to HPS. Also environmental, economical and visual spectrum performance benefits which make the LED technology as a revolution of lighting system specially in roads lighting.

[Mohamed Abdelmonem. Energy saving, environmental benefits, economic returns and Performance evaluation study of HPS and LED lighting systems in Roadways Forests. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):169-173]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 27

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.27

Keywords: Energy saving; economic returns; environmental benefits; Lighting; Rood Lighting; HPS; LED.

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Quality of Bottled Water in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Study with Jazan Water and Zamzam Water

Asia Ali Haider Alshikh

Girl’s College of Educational, Jazan, Ministry of Higher Education, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ziadahmed1020@hotmail.com

Abstract: It is needless to say that the quality of water is of vital importance to public health. Efficient surveillance and check strategies are important for executing a high quality management of this resource. Water samples were collected from different localities within Jazan and compared it with Zamzam water. All Water samples were subjected to Chemical and Bacteriological examination. All water samples taken in the study are almost following the WHO and US-EPA standards. Zamzam water has proven to contain high levels of fluoride, Mg, Ca, Chloride, sulfate, nitrate, nitrate, TDS, and alkalinity when compared it with Tap, drinking water. In Zamzam water, wells water, tap water, and drinking water samples there isn’t any sign of biological growth.

 [Asia Ali Haider Alshikh. Quality of Bottled Water in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Study with Jazan Water and Zamzam Water N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):174-180]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 28

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.28

Keywords: Zamzam water; Jazan; Saudi; Spectrophotometer.

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Scrutiny of legitimacy of delinquencies and retributions considered in Islamic power

Fereshteh khaleseh  Ranjbar (M.D)¹, Elham Elhamizadeh (M.D)²

1.        Department of Religious Jurisprudence and Islamic law, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. E-mail: Fkh.ra66@yahoo.com

2.        Department of Religious Jurisprudence and Islamic law, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

Abstract: The main aim of the governance of statute is nothing but hampering of despotism and tyranny and caitiff in encountering of magistrates with nationals and superiors with subalterns respectively. According to the aforesaid principle all life-and-death decisions arrived by authorities must be by law. Pillars of delinquencies e.g. statutory pillar are considered very overriding matters of the penal code as well and there exist an underscore for felon excuse which has been written-in as legitimacy of the crime which says: No operation is considered culpability per se and no penalty can be inflicted unless by a binding law which has been promulgated by the ratification of legislator. The above-said maxim is avowed by Islam which originates by inalienable law. [Fereshteh khaleseh  Ranjbar , Elham Elhamizadeh ^. Scrutiny of legitimacy of delinquencies and retributions considered in Islamic power. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):181-185]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 29

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.29

Keywords: Good intention, Imam Khomeini, realm of thought, Ordinances governing

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Comparative Studies on Four Cereal Genotypes 2- Micromorphological Characteristics of Leaf and Grain by Using S.E.M.

Abou- Taleb S. M.¹ and Abd – El Maksoud H. S. ²

¹Agricultural Botany Department, Fac. of Agric., Cairo University.

²Flora and Phyto-taxonomy Researches Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza.

Salamaflora@gmail.com

Abstract: This study was performed on four cereal genotypes in Egypt. These genotypes are; Triticum durum Desf (Beni Sweif), T. aestivum L.(Sakha 93), Secaj cereale (Rye) and Triticale spp. (Triticale). The aim of this study is to distinguish the similarity and dissimilarity between these species. This study includes number of taxonomic evidences or characters to establish the relationships among the above mentioned species. These characters were; 1) morphological descriptions and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) survey on the leaf (adaxial and abaxial surfaces of epidermis). 2) morphological descriptions and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) survey on grain of the studied genotypes.3) based on macro-and micro-morphological characters the numerical analysis showed a considerable degree of similarity among the studied genotypes.

[Abo Eleka S. M. and Abd – El Maksoud H. S. Comparative Studies on Four Cereal Genotypes 2- Micromorphological Characteristics of Leaf and Grain by Using S.E.M. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):186-192]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 30

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.30

Key words: botany, cereal genotypes, grain morphology, leaf morphology, SEM, taxonomy

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Combination effects of tillage systems and organic manures on some physio-chemical properties of calcareous soil and faba bean productivity

El-kotb, H.M.A.

Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute.ARC, Giza, Egypt.

Hasskotb@gamail.com

Abstract: A field study was carried out during the two successive winter seasons of (2009/2010 and 2010/2011) at El-Nubaria Agricultural Research Station, (ARC), El-Behera Governorate, Egypt. This study aims to investigate the effect of two tillage systems, minimum (Tm) and conventional (Tc), and also to study the effect of two organic manures FYM (F), Compost (M) in compare with and no addition (C) on  some physio-chemical properties of calcareous soil, productivity and NPK uptake of faba bean cultivar, (Vicia faba L., var. Egypt 1). In general, all of soil parameters under study showed significant response to tillage systems and to organic manures addition. The results revealed that tillage methods had significantly effects on the physical and chemical properties of soil i.e., increase both of hydraulic conductivity and total porosity. As well as, decreasing in bulk density, organic matter content and EC of soil under conversional tillage method (Tc) compared to minimum tillage method (Tm). Also, the results indicated that organic manures can be used successfully to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil whereas; they cause decreasing in bulk density, pH and EC. On the other hand, its cause increasing organic matter content, total porosity and hydraulic conductivity of soil. Faba bean productivity and NPK uptake were significantly responded to tillage systems and organic manures. Conventional tillage and addition manures (Tc) + (M) or (F) cause enhance yield and NPK uptake of faba bean in compare to minimum tillage without addition manures (Tm) + (C).   

 [H.M.A. El-kotb. Combination effect of tillage systems and organic manures on some Physio-chemical properties of calcareous soil and faba bean productivity. N Y Sci J 2013:6(12):193-202]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 31

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.31

Keywords: Tillage system; manures; calcarous soil; Faba bean; yield and NPK uptake.

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Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Transvaginal Ultrasound and Sonohysterographyin Detecting Uterine Cavity Lesions with Respect to Pathological Diagnosis in Women with Postmenopausal Bleeding

Hanaa Farouk M.D.⁽¹⁾, Ola Bahgat M.D.⁽²⁾, Howida Ahmed M.D.⁽²⁾, Mohamed Abd – El azim M.D ⁽³⁾

¹Obstetric and Gynecology  and ²Radiology Departments, Faculty of Medicine for girls – AlAzhar University,

³Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al – Azhar University.

hana_73@windowslive.com

Abstract Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (T VS), saline sonohysterography (SIS) with respect to pathologicaldiagnosis in detecting uterine cavity abnormalitiesassociated with abnormal uterine bleeding among postmenopausal women. Study Design: Prospective cross sectionalstudy. Place and duration of study: the present study conducted at Gynecological and Diagnostic Radiological departmentat AL ZahraaUniveristy Hospital, fromMay 2010 to Septemper 2011.  Methodology: Fifty women complaining of postmenopausal bleeding were included transvaginal ultrasound, sonohysterography were done followed by endometrial biopsythen findings of both Tvsand sIswere comparedwith Histopatholgical results. Results: Histopathologic correlation was obtained in the 50 patients who underwent successfultransvaginal ultrasound, sonohysterography, by means of subsequent endometrial biopsy.Endometrial pathologic conditions were present in 49 cases of 50 patients (98%). Diffuse pathologic conditions were demonstrated in 20 patients (40%) they includedhyperplasia in 15 cases (30%), diffuse atrophic endometriumin 2 cases (4%) and endometrities in3 cases (6%). Focal pathologic conditions were demonstratedin 29 patients (58%): theyincludedendometrial carcinoma in 4 cases (8%), endometrial polyp in 11cases (22%), submucous fibroid in 7cases (14%), mural fibroid in 6cases (12%)and liomyosarcoma in one case (2%).  Coclusion: TVS had high accuracy in detecting endometrial hyperplasia. However, saline Sonohystrography (SIS) compined with endometrial biopsy seems to be superior to transvaginalsonography in detecting uterine abnormalitiesin postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding includingpolypoid lesions, intramuralmyoma, endometrial atrophyand may reduce demand for hysteroscopy.

[Hanaa Farouk, Ola Bahgat, Howida Ahmed, Mohamed Abd – El azim. Evaluationof the Diagnostic Accuracy of Transvaginal Ultrasound and Sonohysterographyin Detecting Uterine Cavity Lesions with Respect to Pathological Diagnosis in Women with Postmenopausal Bleeding. N Y Sci J 2013;6(12):203-213]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 32

doi:10.7537/marsnys061213.32

Keywords: Postmenopausal bleeding, Uterine cavity, transvaginalultrasaound, saline sonohystergraphy, endometrialpathology.

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