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Influence of Physicochemical Parameters On Βeta-Galactosidase Production And Growth of Trichoderma Species

Akinola Gbemisola Elizabeth¹, Adebayo-Tayo Bukola², Ogunleye Peter Abiodun³

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

gbemiakinola@yahoo.com, bukola_tayo@yahoo.com

Abstract: β-galactosidase or β-D-galactoside-galactohydrolase is an important enzyme industrially used for the hydrolysis of lactose from milk and whey for several applications. The influence of physicochemical parameters on β-Galactosidase production and growth of Trichoderma species was investigated. The β-Galactosidase production by Trichoderma species attained the maximum production (4.37962 U/ml) at 30^oC by T. crassum and optimum growth (0.2709^a) was recorded at 30^oC by Trichoderma asperellum. The highest production of β-galactosidase (7.8171 U/ml) was attained after 6days of incubation by T. crassum. There was a gradual increase in the growth of the isolates from 6days - 12days and Trichoderma asperellum had the highest growth (0.2504^a). β-galactosidase production (2.2369U/ml) at pH 4 by T. crassum was the best but at pH 12 the growth of the isolates decreases and Optimum growth was attained by Trichoderma asperellum (0.1907^a). Among the carbon sources tested manitol at the concentration of 2%(w/v) induced the higher level of β-galactosidase production and it ranged from 2.7666 - 6.9888 U/ml in which Trichoderma crassum had the highest production while fructose supported the growth of all the selected isolates in which Trichoderma fertile (0.2809^a) and Trichoderma harzarium (0.2804^a) had the best growth. Casein at the concentration of 0.5% (w/v) supported the optimal production of β-galactosidase, it ranged from 2.6773 - 7.4853 U/ml in which Trichoderma crassum had the highest production and ammonium sulphate supported the growth of the isolates. Tween80 at the concentration of 0.15ml stimulated optimum β-galactosidase production (3.8999 U/ml) by Trichoderma viride and at 0.15% - 0.30% concentration there was a steady increase in the growth of the isolates and Trichoderma harzarium had the best growth (0.1650^a). Trichoderma species isolated are potential producers of β-galactosidase.

[Akinola GE, Adebayo-Tayo BC, Ogunleye PA. Influence of Physicochemical Parameters On Βeta-Galactosidase Production And Growth of Trichoderma Species. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):1-6]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.01

Keywords: β-galactosidase, Trichoderma, Temperature, Tween80, Growth

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The method of personality development organizing of elite students "adolescents"

Yosof mirzaeian kalvari ¹, Massoud Sharifi ²

^1. University of Applied Science and Technology - Noorabad Delfan Branch – Noorabad Delfan, Iran

^2. Associate Professor Of Psychology and Education, shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Although talent is an ability common to all human beings have more or less of it; But people who have highly talented And are known as elite and also a talented human. this person has specific Personality and behavioral characteristics that They can be recognized by the characteristics of other people who are less talented, The main benefit is familiar with the characteristics of elite person, Which could be used as a pattern of behavior can be used to train students in creative behavior. In Education, the various definitions have offered” elite" or "talent". It can be said in this case, there is no complete consensus. Most obvious features of elite student is autonomy, risk-taking, excessive curiosity, interest in complex tasks, tolerance for ambiguity, flexibility, humor, and.... Elite person have needs that are not met in the regular program schools and training centers and do not develop correctly. Hence, there will be changes in these types of programs. In this paper are offered ways and means for changing the content, method and learning environment in regular classes. To change the learning environment and change the content are used Methods of "acceleration", "enrichment" and "complex process" and methods, "speed", "grouping" and like it. [Yosof mirzaeian kalvar, Massoud Sharifi. The method of personality development organizing of elite students "adolescents". N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):7-10]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.02

Keywords: intelligent, elite and perfect, behaviors, personality, changes in content, changes in teaching practices, change the learning environment.

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Relationship Of Peasants And Servants With Samanids System Of Government

Ezzatollah Khodadadi

Department of History, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran  

ABSTRACT: Samanids (279-389 A.H) are Iranian Kings. They took rule in north-eastern parts of Iran. Prestige and social status of servants and peasants, and the confirmation and support of caliphs led to their legitimacy in the political power and influence. Peasants were one of the effective factors in forming Samanid government. Military and social background in north-eastern Iran in the second half of the third century A.H (Islamic calendar) along with the troubled and turbulent situation in these areas after the fall of Tahirids, as well as harassment and threats by Saffarids put peace, security and interests of peasants in danger and thus, peasants tried to get rid of the danger and maintain their position by supporting Samanids in taking power. This was the introduction of their influence in the government and power to the extent that servants like Albtakin, Baktozen, Tash, Ghratakin and Faiq took positions as doorkeepers, generalissimos, or division commanders and had an important and effective role in the structure of army.

[Ezzatollah Khodadadi. Relationship Of Peasants And Servants With Samanid System Of Government. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):11-14]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.03

KEYWORDS: Peasants, Army Servants, Samanids, Government, Relationship

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Develop Strategic Relationships via Supplier Segmentation Using Grey Relational Analysis: A Case Study

Ahmad Jafarnejad Chaghooshi ¹, Saeid Karbasian ²

¹Professor, Department of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

²Ph.D. student of Operations and Production Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

karbasian@ut.ac.ir

Abstract: Strategic cooperation is a success key factor in modern supply chain. To make a platform in which the cooperation is formed effectively and efficiently to improve the organizations, it is essential to recognize the main components of cooperation and their effectiveness. So the suppliers should be identified based on their capacity and long-term relationships. Grey relational analysis (GRA) is the best method to help us through it. The application of the grey relational analysis in connection with consideration of the criteria in different managerial and operational issues has been referred to in many articles. In this paper, after reviewing literature, we tried to propose a two dimensions model for an effective and efficient decision, which offered solutions to optimize strategic relations after recognizing supplier's capabilities. This article has a strategic approach to supply chain and looks at it from policy perspective. We used the data from a company in the automotive industry to apply the proposed model and recent model for further analysis and discussion.

[Ahmad Jafarnejad Chaghooshi, Saeid Karbasian. Develop Strategic Relationships via Supplier Segmentation Using Grey Relational Analysis: A Case Study. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):15-25]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.04

Keywords: Supply chain strategies, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), Multi-criteria supplier segmentation

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Comparison Study between using HPS, LED and C.F Lamps in Roadway Lighting

Bahaa Medkour ¹, Mohamed Mehanna ², Mohamed Abdelmonem ³

^1. Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo-Egypt.

mohamed.pee@gmail.com

Abstract: A new Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Lighting system is proposed as an optimized solution for existing and future roadway lighting system compared with High Pressure Sodium (HPS) and Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) lighting system. This study is developed based on a set of facts, which state that the LED  lighting system is optimum for following reasons: (i) The LED Utilization factor are higher for lenses light concentrated distribution; (ii) The LED life time is much longer than HPS and CFL systems (four times at least); (iii) Light Output Ratio (LOR) of LED lamp is closed to 100% (no diffuser); (iv) Step power rating can be set by 1watt incremental. HPS lamp lighting system was used for its lower capital cost than LED. Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) lighting system was suggested for its lower capital cost than HPS and LED as well.

 [Mohamed Abdelmonem. Comparison Study between using HPS, LED and CF lighting system in Roadway Lighting Forests. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):26-30] 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.05

Keywords: Lighting; Rood Lighting; HPS; CFL; LED

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Investigation of effect cash flows on the capital structure of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

nazanin hosseini¹, somayeh papi² , abdol hasan najafi³, sayed ali miri⁴

^1,2,4- Master of Accounting, Persian Gulf International Educational Branch-Islamic Azad university-Khorramshahr-

Iran

^3- Department of Accounting,  Baghmalek branch, Islamic Azad University, Baghmalek, Iran

Abstract: For this study, multiple regressions were used. The study was conducted in the period 2003-2011 in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The data, the Excel folders desired design parameters and finally calculated using SPSS 18.0 software are processed. The results of this study indicate that models As expected, the relationship between domestic financing  operating cash flow, cash retention rates, foreign Financing , Financing  through stock and debt of companies listed on the Stock Exchange Tehran is significant.

[nazanin hosseini, somayeh papi, abdol hasan najafi, sayed ali miri. Investigation of effect cash flows on the capital structure of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):31-36]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.06

Key words: cash flow, cash handling, capital structure.

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Studies on argulosis in some freshwater ornamental fishes With special reference to treatment trials

¹Abd el-mohsen, h.mohamed and ²amany m. Kenawy

1. department of fish diseases, animal health research institute, dokki, Egypt

2. department of hydrobiology, histopathological section, veterinary research division, National research center, dokki, Egypt

Abdelmohsenhassan700@yahoo.com

Abstract: Parasitic branchiuran disease; argulosis was recorded in summer season of 2012 in fantail goldfish, carassius auratus and koi, cyprinus carpio, cultured in a freshwater ornamental fish farm at riyadh area, karj province, saudi arabia. The involved parasite was detected macroscopically, however, the clinical signs of infestation were represented generally by erratic movements, abnormal swimming, frayed fins, excessive mucous production and off food. Some infested fishes showed nervous manifestation with easily dettached scales, abraded areas and ulcerations. The recovered parasite was identified as the fish lice branchiuran crustaceans,  Argulus foliaceus. The prevalence of infestation in Carassius auratus and Cyprinus carpio were 31.33% and 28% respectively, however, the intensity of infestation reached 2-8 and 1-5 in both species respectively. Histologically, infested fishes showed focal deposition of melanocytes in the epidermal layer of the skin and severe hyperplasia of primary gill filaments with congestion of branchial blood vessels in the gills. The naturally infested ornamental fishes were effectively treated with dipterex and sodium chloride solutions as the drugs of choice.

[Abd el-mohsen, h.mohamed and amany m. Kenawy. Studies on argulosis in some freshwater ornamental fishes With special reference to treatment trials. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):37-41].(ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.07

Keywords: argulosis, fish lice, fantail goldfish, Carassius auratus, Koi cyprinus carpio, sodium chloride, potassium permanganate, dipterex.

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The study of ratification vote and religious apostle at the family dispute (divorce) of the religious minority by the Iran’s courts

Jamal Rezaei (PH.D) ^{1, *}, Ali Jahankhah(PH.D)^{, 2}, Mehrnaz Zamami Amlashi(M.A)³

Department of Religious Jurisprudence and Islamic law, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

E-mail: Jamal_rezaei@yahoo.com

Department of Religious Jurisprudence and Islamic law, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

E-mail: Jahhankhah_a@yahoo.com

Department of Religious Jurisprudence and Islamic law, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. E-mail: Amlashi1352@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study of the allegation at the family’s dispute of the religious minority such as as″ divorce ″about family’s affairs is most fundamental basis of the family at every society. And its relations are the personal and emotional human relationship that survey in this article. Divorces at the Zoroaster and Christian customs are outcast and forbidding. Except in the special situation is possible by according to the personal status. But in the Jewish custom divorce is easy and only its requirement is to agreement of two sides and get (letters of divorce) by the husband to woman. based on the performed research on the mentioned religious minority in the referring to the Iran’s courts, ought to issue the order at the allegation of the personal status based on their religion, then reach to the religious apostle that sometimes ignored by the courts because issued order was in the opposite of the rule of the religious minority, religious apostle of the minority avoid from ratification. This lack of the unity in the affairs leads to the confusion of the people and opening of the most of the dossiers. It is worthwhile that in the certified judicial and legal commission of the councils as a emendation of the bills of support of the family determine that″ judicial courts delete from entering to the family dispute at the field of the religious minority and based on it, thereafter Iran’s courts oblige to the ratification vote of religious apostle of the religious minority ″.This emendation at the date of the 1391/12/9 approve at the guardian council and notify at the date of 1391/12/19| (notification’s number 7726312).between known formalized minority at the country, They have different branches .that Iran’s law consider the all religious minority not their nationality. But pact at the performing of the law of the personal status of religious minority is to the extent that does not contradict with the general order and good moral.

[Jamal Rezaei, Ali Jahankhah, Mehrnaz Zamami Amlashi. The study of ratification vote and religious apostle at the family dispute (divorce) of the religious minority by the Iran’s courts. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):42-47]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.08

Keywords: Ratification vote, personal status, religious minority, committal rule.

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Relationship between Self-awareness with the quality of work life and organizational health of high school administrators of Zahedan

Dr. Hossein Jenaabadi¹, Abolfazel Khosropour², Reza Rezaei². Abdulghader Narouee²

^1. Associate Professor, University of Sistan and Baluchestan

^2. Master of Educational Management

hjenaabadi@ped.usb.ac.ir

Abstract: Background: This study investigated the relationship between self-awareness and the quality of work life and organizational health of high school administrators was conducted in Zahedan. Methods: research method in this descriptive study was correlative and statistical population includes schools principals in Zahedan academic year 2011-2012 with the number of 92 persons. To analysis data, Pearson's correlation coefficient, regression is used. Findings: Our findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between the self-awareness and quality of work life and organizational health. Also, there is a significant relationship between quality of work life and organizational health, also in the predictive variable of quality of work life, it was observed that confidence, being sociable, fitness and sexual health has the most prediction in the quality of work life. In the respect of predictor variables of the organizational health was observed that the sense of shame and guilt, and the ability and present, past and future had highest predicators for organizational health. Conclusion: Managers who have high self-awareness, as the knowledge to self-increase, their quality of life work and organization health will be effective. Also the quality of working life, include emotional factors, such as interest and devotion to the work, as well as a sense of loyalty to organization and responsibility which is closely related to organizational health. In other words, with the increase the qualities of life work of managers we will observe increase their organizational health.

[Dr. Hossein Jenaabadi, Abolfazel Khosropour, Reza Rezaei. Abdulghader Narouee. Relationship between Self-awareness with the quality of work life and organizational health of high school administrators of Zahedan. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):48-54]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.09

Keywords: self-awareness, organizational health, quality of work life

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Investigation the Impact of Cash Flow Volatility and Financial Leverage on Earnings Management in the Context of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (Iran)

Davood Gheisari Nia *, Dr. S. Ali Vaeez **, Dr. Kambiz Ahmadi ***

* Persian Gulf International Educational Branch-Islamic Azad University- Khorramshahr-Iran

** Assistant Professor of Accounting, Shahid Chamran University 

*** Assistant Professor of Accounting, Shahid Chamran University

Abstract: The purpose of this research is the investigation the Impact of the Cash Flow Volatility and the Financial Leverage on the Earnings Management in the Context of the Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. We used adjusted Jones model as the earnings management index. In this research, the population data for test of hypotheses is 90 firms listed in Tehran stock exchange that are analyzed for the period of 2006-2011 by using of the Pooled Data and cross sectional system and Ordinary Least Square Regressions (OLS) Model. The results show that Cash Flow Volatility is positive significantly associated with the Earnings Management and Financial Leverage is negative significantly associated with the Earnings Management.

[Davood Gheisari Nia, Ali Vaeez, Kambiz Ahmadi. Investigation the Impact of Cash Flow Volatility and Financial Leverage on Earnings Management in the Context of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (Iran).  N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):55-59]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.10

Keywords: Earnings Management, Cash Flow Volatility, Financial Leverage

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Effects of different extraction methods on in-vitro antimicrobial properties of Lagenaria breviflora whole fruits

T.A. Banjo¹, L.S. Kasim³, B.A. Iwalokun 6, W.B.Mutiu², W.E. Olooto⁵, N.G. Mba¹, E.S. James ⁴,

T.O. Shorunmu ⁷

¹ Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, OACHS, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu

² Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital/College of Medicine, Ikeja

³ Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu

4 Department of Clinical & Bio-pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu

5. Department of Chemical Pathology & Immunology, OACHS, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu.

6. Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos.

7. Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, OACHS, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu.

sirby2k@yahoo.com

Abstract: The Steeped and Soxhlet methanolic extracts of Lagenaria breviflora whole fruits were screened for secondary metabolites and antibacterial activities against Enterohaemarrhagic E.coli (EHEC), Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Shigella dysenteriae, and Shigella flexneri. The methanolic extracts of L.breviflora contain some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, flavonoids and reducing sugars. Soxhlet methanolic extracts were the most active, showing activities against pathogenic bacterial isolates but Steeped extracts showed resistance to Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Extracts of L. breviflora was able to exhibit higher bactericidal action against EHEC, S. typi, P. fluorescens and Salmonella typhi while S. dysenteriae was the least affected. A significant difference was established between soxhlet and steeped extracting methods of L. breviflora (c² =10.01; p < 0.05). The mean MIC of L. breviflora against some pathogenic bacterial agent showed a significant difference (F =10.25, P < 0.05). Further analysis by least significant difference (LSD) showed Salmonella paratyphi, P. fluorescens, EHEC and S. typhi to be most susceptible isolates in increasing order while the extract was less inhibitory to Shigella dysenteriae. These extracts exhibit antibacterial activities against some clinical pathogens involved in gastroenteritis and wound sepsis.

[T.A. Banjo, L.S. Kasim, B.A. Iwalokun, W.B.Mutiu, W.E. Olooto, N.G. Mba, E.S. James and T.O. Shorunmu. Effects of different extraction methods on in-vitro antimicrobial properties of Lagenaria breviflora whole fruit N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):60-65] (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.11

Keywords: Lagenaria breviflora, antibacterial, soxhlet, methanol, extract, fruits.

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Double-layer Optical Fiber Coating Using Viscoelastic Phan Thien Tanner Fluid

 Zeeshan^1,2, Rehan Ali Shah³, Saeed Islam¹, A. M. Siddique⁴

Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan

Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, KPK, 92000, Pakistan

Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, York Campus, 1031 Edgecombe Avenue, York, PA 17403, USAzeeshansuit@gmail.com, mmrehan79@yahoo.com

Abstract: In mass manufacturing of optical fibers, the wet-on-wet polymer resin coating is an efficient process for applying double layer coating on the glass fiber. This paper presents an analytical study on the behavior of an incompressible viscoelastic  fluid in the double layer coating liquid flow inside a secondary coating die of the optical fiber coating applicator. Based the approximations of fully developed laminar flow and the coating liquid flow of two immiscible resin layers is modeled for the simplified geometry of capillary annulus, where the surface of glass fiber moves at high fiber drawing speed. Exact analytical expression for the axial velocity, shear stress, volume flux and temperature distribution are obtained for both the layers separately. Thickness of coated fiber optics is also obtained.

[Zeeshan, Rehan Ali Shah, Saeed Islam, A. M. Siddique. Double-layer Optical Fiber Coating Using Viscoelastic Phan Thien Tanner Fluid. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):66-73]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.12

Keywords:  fluid, Optical fiber, Theoretical analysis, Wet-on-Wet coating, Two-layer coating flow, pressure gradient is zero

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Investigation the effect of the minimum wage on employment in the informal labor market: PLS approach

Khojasteh Khoobkhahi

Msc of Economy, Qeshm Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran 

Abstract: Background: Determine of minimum wages is one of the controversial economic issue of each country. Investigation the effect of minimum wages on employment and labor is vital subject that has bothered minds of many policymakers and economists. In this paper the effect of raising the minimum wage on employment in the informal labor market, which contributes significantly to policymakers and economists has been investigated. The result of study showed that increasing the real wage has a significant positive effect on daily increase of informal employment. In this paper, using MIMIC model and PLS approach and considering Informal Employment as a hidden variable and the real minimum wage as one of the main reasons for the creation and expansion of informal activities, informal relationship is estimated between minimum wages and employment. Research suggests that the minimum wage act is an important factor in determining wage levels, but can not guarantee formal jobs. Minimum wage laws in practice would make low-skilled workers out of the formal labor market and increased input unemployed persons to informal jobs. Thus, minimum wage law is likely to increase the informal employment. Based on daily increase of development in the informal sector, this sector should be seen as one of the most important economic sectors.

[Khojasteh Khoobkhahi. Investigation the effect of the minimum wage on employment in the informal labor market: PLS approach. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):74-81]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.13

Keywords: Informal employment, minimum wages, partial least squares approach, MIMIC models

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Studies on Nano science of (PVC/DEHP) composites as coating materials and printing inks

E. Allam^1, R. Azzam¹ and A. Abd El-Moniem ²

¹ Textile Printing, Dyeing and Finishing Department, Faculty of applied arts, Helwan University, Egypt

² Consultant of textile printing & finishing, CEO of SPI Company, Egypt

ceo@spi-eg.com

Abstract: Nano form of (PVC/DEHP) composites showing newer and high productivity printing inks, because of its nature “oil-based “which have maximum ability to avoid screen blocking and because as its particle size “Nano-size” which minimize the ink build up, this thesis is showing the productivity of oil-based inks increased about 10 times than common water –based inks and the productivity of Nano form oil based inks increased about 3times than same inks in bulk form. Different ratios showing different viscosities which can be adjusted to applicable viscosity before Nano milling by addition of Nano form silicon resin.  Nano milling of PVC/DEHP composite using wet-roll mill technology showing an increase in color depth while showing a decrease in both glossy and whiteness.

[E. Allam ,R. Azzam and A.Abd El-Moniem. Studies on Nano science of (PVC/DEHP) composites as coating materials and printing inks. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):82-95]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 14

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.14

Key Words: PVC (poly vinyl chloride) , DEHP(di ethyl hexyl phthalate), (phr) parts of plasticizer per hundred parts of resin , (KU) Krebs units which are unique to Stormer viscometers, (CP) is a centipoise and it is one one-hundredth of poise and (g) is the gravitational acceleration.

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Floral morphology and behavior of butterflies at flowers

Meerabai guddeti¹, Teaching Assistant

Department of Botany, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool – 518004. A.P., India.

guddetimeerabai@gmail.com

Abstract: The study is aimed at studying the behavior of butterflies at various kinds of flowers they visited. The flowers visited by butterflies are subdivided into 7 categories in relation to the position of essential organs to the other floral parts. The manner of landing of butterflies on various morphologically different flowers and their wing positions on flowers was observed. The results are discussed as (a). Pattern of alighting and (b). Wing positions during forage which varies from species to species depending on the flower structure. The results revealed that they are polylectic and there is a resource partioning by congeneric species of butterflies. It suggests that the feeding specialization may vary depending on resource availability and the degree of competitive pressures.

[Meerabai G. Floral morphology and behavior of butterflies at flowers. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):96-99]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 15

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.15

Key Words: Behavior, manner of landing, pattern of alighting, wing positions

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Investigation of the relationship between capital structure and profitability of firms listed in Tehran stock exchange (TSE)

Gholamreza Espieh¹, hamid moridipour²

¹- Department of Accounting, Andimeshk Branch, Islamic Azad University, Andimeshk, Iran (corresponding author),

²-Department of Accounting, Andimeshk Branch, Islamic Azad University, Andimeshk, Iran

Abstract: the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of capital structure on profitability of firms listed in TSE. For this purpose a total of 131 firms were selected as the statistical sample. through fitting multivariate regression model with pooled data, the relationship between the criteria of corporate capital structure and profitability was investigated over a 7-year time period (2004-2010) for the sample firms. Results indicate that the variable ROA (return on asset) has a positive significant association with the variables LDC (long-term debt to capital) and DCE (debt be common Equity).however, it has a negative significant relationship with the variables DEMV and DA(debt to asset). The variable ROC(return on capital) has a positive significant relationship with the variable DC, however it has a negative significant association with the variable DEMV and DA. The variable ROE(return on Equities has a positive significant relationship with the variable DA, however, it has a negative significant relationship with the variables DMEV and DCE. The association between all capital structure variables and the variable EPs(Earnings per share) is insignificant. Also, we found no association (relationship ) between other variables of capital structure and profitability.

[Gholamreza Espieh, hamid moridipour. Investigation of the relationship between capital structure and profitability of firms listed in Tehran stock exchange (TSE). N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):100-105]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 16

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.16

Keywords: capital structure, profitability, return on capital (ROC),Tehran stock exchange (TSE)

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Ambient Air Quality And Noise Monitoring During Deepawali Festival In Haridwar City Of Uttarakhand State (India)

Vijay Sharma, Pankaj Saini, Sudhanshu Kaushik*, Mahadev Semwal# and B. D. Joshi#

Department of Environmental Science, Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar, India.

*Department of Applied Science, IET, IIMT, Meerut, India.

#Dept. of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, India

Abstract: The present study was conducted to find out the impact of human activities during the festival of light, i.e. Deepawali, on ambient air quality. Four parameters viz. RSPM, SPM, SO₂ and NO₂ were studied for non-festive and festive days during Deepawali at two busy intersections of Haridwar city namely; Ranipur More and Singh Dwar. Noise levels were also monitored for both sites with the help of Sound Level Meter. The concentration of RSPM was found 13.64% higher on festive day as compared to the non festive day at the study site of Ranipur More crossing point, whereas 17.63% increase was found on festive days at Singh Dwar crossing point. Similarly, the SPM values increased by 12.47% and 13.73%, on festive day at Ranipur More and Singh Dwar, respectively. The concentration of SO₂ were found 32.93% and 51.84% higher on festive day at Ranipur More and Singh Dwar, respectively. While the concentration of NO₂ was found to have increased by 10.68% and 12.87%, during the festive day as compared to non festive day at Ranipur More and Singh Dwar, respectively. The results of noise monitoring show an enhanced pressure of noise during the festival of light. The average noise level on festive day show a rise of 23.6% and 16.1% as compared to non-festive day, respectively for Ranipur More and Singh Dwar, respectively.

[Vijay Sharma, Pankaj Saini, Sudhanshu Kaushik, Mahadev Semwal and B. D. Joshi. Ambient Air Quality And Noise Monitoring During Deepawali Festival In Haridwar City Of Uttarakhand State (India). N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):106-109]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 17

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.17

Key words: religious festival; fireworks; particulate matter; noise pollutio

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Comparison the effectiveness of descriptive and traditional evaluation on students' self-esteem and creativity

Narges Abotalebi¹, Sakine Eslami¹, Sakine Nourani², Masome Sahrapeyma¹, Khadije Mosavi¹

^1. (M.A) Educational Psychology, University of Mazandaran Cultural (Sisters)

^2. (M.A) Persian Literature, University of Mazandaran Cultural (Sisters)

Eslami_s@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study performed with the purpose of comparing the effectiveness between 2 methods of descriptive and traditional evaluation on self teem and creativeness of primary students of Mazandaran province. The research is applicable from purpose viewpoint and descriptive in kind of causal-comparative from method viewpoint. Statistical community consisted of all fifth grade elementary girls students in the Mazandaran province in 2011-2012 school years. For sample selection of descriptive and traditional evaluation on students were used of cluster sampling method. This is the first between different geographical regions of the Mazandaran province (East, West and Central), Central region and then randomly selected from among 15 education districts in this region, 2^nd area of sari and finally of the 105 school this area, all fifth grade students Nuzhat school (n = 30) as traditional design performer and all fifth grade students of Hazrat Amene school (n = 30) as the description design performer were randomly selected. The sample size was 60 people totally. Research tool had self-esteem and creative Abedi questionnaires. For data analysis was used T-test for independent groups and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results suggest that the self-esteem and creativity among students in the traditional style and descriptive evaluation there is a significant difference. The use of a descriptive evaluation of the traditional evaluation in raising self-esteem and creativity of the students was impressive.

[Narges Abotalebi, Sakine Eslami, Sakine Nourani, Masome Sahrapeyma, Khadije Mosavi. Comparison the effectiveness of descriptive and traditional evaluation on students' self-esteem and creativity. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):110-116]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 18

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.18

Keywords: descriptive evaluation, traditional evaluation, creativity, self-esteem

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A Comparison between happiness mental health and performance in boarding and day school students

Khadije Mosavi, Sakine Eslami, Masome Sahrapeyma, Narges Abotalebi

(M.A) Educational Psychology, University of Mazandaran Cultural (Sisters)

Eslami_s @ yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: With the increasing importance of mental health and happiness on the increase of human mental abilities and enhance its effectiveness in coping with complexity, the view of researchers and scholars, and even ordinary people about it has changed. This article will look at comparing happiness and mental health and academic performance of students and schools are boarding. The research method so events or causal - are compared. The study population consisted of all students in middle and high schools in the academic year 1390-91 in larijan and Amol were enrolled. Total of secondary school students were 8255 that among them, 325 people had a boarding student; also, all high school students enrolled in were6083 that 203 people who were studying in boarding. A total of 13810 students in middle school and high school were studies, 514 students were selected randomly. From a total of 528 students in secondary school and studying at a boarding, a total of 240 subjects were selected by random cluster type. In order to collect data from the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Mental Health (GHQ-28) and the average of all courses in the semester (February-May) was used as academic performance. To ensure the accuracy of the response, the questionnaire between the three groups of students studying in different parts of the city that were distributed to segregated schools. Total of 193 questionnaires between poor schools and a total of 294 questionnaires among school students and half of the total of 267 questionnaires were distributed among high school students. The students aged were among 12-17 years old. In addition, at the secondary level of education was considered. Results showed that between happiness and mental health of students in boarding schools and that there are significant differences. Similarly, there was no significant difference between happiness and high school students, but between the welfare of poor students and a half and there is a significant difference. Contrary to the hypothesis, happiness, high school students are poor and more than half of the schools, as well as the academic performance of students in boarding schools and there is a significant difference.

[Khadije Mosavi, Sakine Eslami, Masome Sahrapeyma, Narges Abotalebi. A Comparison between happiness mental health and performance in boarding and day school students. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):117-122]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 19

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.19

Keywords: happiness, mental health, and academic performance

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Exogenous Application of Ascorbic Acid for Improve Growth, Water Relations, Organic and Inorganic Components in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Plant Under Salt-Stress

Hameda El Sayed Ahmed El Sayed

Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Al Mukaramah, K.S.A.

heelsayed@uqu.edu.sa & D.Hameda@hotmail.com

Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was carried out to study the response of presoaked tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Cerasiforme) in freshly prepared ascorbic acid (50 ppm ASC) or distilled water (control) for 12 h at natural environmental conditions, to reduced the effect of salinity stress. NaCl treatments caused a reduction in all growth parameters (fresh and dry weights of plant, leaf area and number per plant) compared control, particularly at high NaCl level (8000 ppm) more reduced. In the mean time, ascorbic acid had reduced the effect NaCl salinity stress on all growth parameters. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a & b and carotenoids) and chloroplast efficiency were increasing with salinity stress, but the response was more pronounced at 8000 ppm NaCl whether alone or combined with ascorbic acid. Also, salinity stress treatments tended to increased all of the total available carbohydrates (Monosaccharide, Disaccharides & polysaccharides), nitrogenous components (protein, amino acids & proline), antioxidase, (catalase, peroxidase & superoxide dismutases) enzymes activities and inorganic minerals (Na⁺, K⁺, N⁺³, P⁺³, Ca⁺², Mg⁺² & Cl^-) but after soaked the seeds in ASC these components tended to increased more. Application of ascorbic acid (ASC) induced the under NaCl salinity stress increased the protein content in tomato plant to some extent, whereas, after soaked the tomato seeds in ASC (50 ppm) remarkably increased the protein, amino acids, proline, antioxidase, carbohydrates and inorganic minerals content more.

[Hameda El Sayed Ahmed El Sayed. Exogenous Application of Ascorbic Acid for Improve Growth, Water Relations, Organic and Inorganic Components in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Plant Under Salt-Stress. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):123-139]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 20

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.20

Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum; ascorbic acid; NaCl salinity; growth parameters; Pigments; Organic Components, antioxidases, minerals.

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Altitude wise variation in soil carbon stock in Western Himalaya

Param Prakash Singh* and Y.S. Rawat

Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263002, Uttarakhand, India

email: paramprakash.singh09@gmail.com

Abstract: Soil plays a major role in regulating the world’s carbon budget. Even small changes in the magnitude of soil respiration could have a major effect on the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere. The present paper deals with the changes in soil carbon status across an altitudinal gradient in Western Himalaya. The study sites were located in outer Himalaya between 29^o 25’ N to 29^o 24’ N; 79^o 25’ E to 79^o 20’ E in Nainital district, in the Kumaun division of Uttarakhand state in India. The sites were categorized viz., High altitude site (1800-2100m elevation) in Quercus leucotrichophora forest, mid altitude site (1000-1400m elevation) in Pinus roxburghii mixed broad leaf forest and Low altitude site (350-500m elevation) in Shorea robusta forest. Significant variation across different sites and depths were observed (significance at 0.1% level of probability). The results of the present study are similar to the values reported for different central Himalayan forests.

[Param Prakash Singh and Y.S. Rawat. Altitude wise variation in soil carbon stock in Western Himalaya. N Y Sci J 2013;6(10):140-145]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 21

doi:10.7537/marsnys061013.21

Key words: Soils; carbon; altitudinal; Uttarakhand; significant; Himalayan

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