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[New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):1-9 ]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.01

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Synthesis of New Sulfonamide Scaffolds Acting As Anticancer Targeting CAII Protein Based Docking Studies

A.A. El-Henawy¹*, Sh.I. Mohamed², T. M.A. Ibrahim¹, G.A.M. El-Hag Ali¹

¹⁾ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo-Egypt.

²⁾ Technology Engineering Institute ,Tamoh, Giza, Egypt.

*elhenawysci@gmail.com

Abstract: Recently, sulfonamides have been reported act as anticancer agent through different mechanisms in vitro and/or in vivo, the most important mechanism is through inhibition of the carbonic anhydrase isozymes. The present work aims to synthesis some novel sulfonamide derivatives. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, physical and spectral data (IR, ¹HNMR). The synthesized compounds docked into active site target of validated drug of CA. The calculations in-silico were predicted that, the lowest energy of the docked poses of compounds which interact with residues of active site, may be making them possible inhibitors and physiologically active. Some compounds like (17) show extensive interactions with the targets, which consider more suitable inhibitor against (CA) than reference drug.

[A.A. El-Henawy, Sh.I. Mohamed, T. M.A. Ibrahim, G.A.M. El-Hag Ali. Synthesis of new sulfonamide scaffolds acting as anticancer targeting CAII protein based docking studies. New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):20-29]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.03

Keywords: Sulfonamide; Anticancer; carbonic anhydrase CAII; Docking.

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Preparation Of High Potent Measles Haemagglutinating Antigen From Wild Type Measles Virus In Ibadan, Nigeria

*Motayo Babatunde O^1,2, Okonko Iheanyi O², Faneye Adedayo ² and Adu Festus D²

1. Medical Microbiology unit, Pathology department Federal Medical center Idi-Aba, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

² Department of Virology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria, World Health Organization Regional Reference Polio Laboratory. babatundemotayo@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study reports the preparation of preparation of high potent measles haemagglutinating antigen from wild type measles virus in Ibadan, Nigeria. Measles haemagglutinating antigen was prepared indigenously from isolates obtained from two children infected with measles at the Oluyoro Catholic Hospital (OCH) Ibadan, with titres of 7.15 and 9.5 TCID₅₀. The isolates were then adapted to Vero cell line after eight serial passages. Stock isolates were then prepared in three bateches following polyethylene glycol between 80 concentration method. The haemagglutination activity (HA) of the three batches of the measles HA antigen were then tested with 4% washed monkey RBC in a 96 well V shaped bottom microtitre plate alongside with commercial measles HA antigen lot no. 733031. Batch 1 antigen gave a titre of 1:640 while commercial antigen titre was 1:320, Batch 2 antigen titre dropped one fold to give 1:320 with commercial antigen titre 1:320, and untreated measles virus gave a titre of about 1:10. Cell controls were also set up to validate the results of this study. Batch 3 HA antigen titre rose back to 1:1280 while commercial antigen gave 1:320 and untreated measles virus 1:10. Twenty-seven (27) field samples were collected from the Otunba Tuwashe Children’s emergency ward (OTCHEW) of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. They were collected based on the criteria determined by past history of measles infection, vaccination history, and manifestation of other exanthematous illness. The age range of children tested was between 7 months and 15 years. An actual adult individual infected with acute measles was also tested using paired sera. All samples were tested using batch 1 antigen. The findings of the field study showed that 5 subjects with clinical history of measles tested positive to the indigenous prepared high potent measles haemagglutinating antigen with titres ranging from 1:32 to 1:128, while 6 subjects with history of vaccination had titres also ranging from 1:32 to 1:128. Four subjects with other exanthematous illness also tested positive with titres of 1:32 and 1:64. Specificity and sensitivity tests of the measles HA antigen using 4 known measles unexposed and unvaccinated subjects and 5 known measles infected subjects gave a specificity and sensitivity of 1, this showed that the antigen was highly specific and equally sensitive. The result from the adult measles patient also confirmed the efficacy of our measles HA antigen giving an acute phase serum titre of 1:16 and convalescence phase titre of 1:128, this showed a 4-fold rise in titre which is diagnostic of measles infection. The findings of this study are of a significant practical impact and confirm that an indigenous prepared antigen can give a higher titre than the commercially prepared antigens. Thus, if the indigenous prepared antigen is further refined and produced massively, it will be highly cost effective especially in field for sero-monitoring and surveillance.

[Motayo Babatunde O, Okonko Iheanyi O, Faneye Adedayo and Adu Festus D. Preparation Of High Potent Measles Haemagglutinating Antigen From Wild Type Measles Virus In Ibadan, Nigeria. New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):30-37]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.04

Keywords: Antigen, HA activity, measles, measles virus, serum titre

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Growth as a Prerequisite for Sustainability

P.C. van den Noort

Em Prof. Wageningen University, noort1935@hotmail.com

Abstract: A highly developed economy cannot adopt a zero growth situation. According to chaos theory, in such a developed economy there must be a continuous process of inventions and innovations in order to prevent a collapse of the existing socioeconomic structure.

[P.C. van den Noort. Growth as a Prerequisite for Sustainability. New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):38-42]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.05

Keywords: economy, zero-growth, chaos, logistic evolution, innovation, instability, inventions, vitality, revolution

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Improving Some Nigeria Secondary Students’ Achievement in Geometry: A Field Report on Team Teaching Approach

^*Emmanuel E. Achor¹, PhD; Benjamin I. Imoko², PhD & Nguuma Jimin³

1 & 2. Department of Curriculum and Teaching, Benue State University, Makurdi-Nigeria;

3.Command Secondary School, Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria;

 nuelachor@yahoo.com; talk2imoko@yahoo.com; nguumajimin@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study examined the effect of team teaching on the achievement of students in geometry and how this effect varies across gender. The study used a non equivalent pre-test post-test control group quasi experimental design. Intact classes were therefore assigned to the experimental and control groups. The population consisted of 7184 SS one students out of which a sample of 288 students was selected from four secondary schools. Two of the selected schools were assigned as experimental group while the other two were the control group. Geometry Construction Achievement Test (GCAT) was the main instrument used for data collection and it is a 30 items multiple choice objective test with four options (A, B, C & D). ANCOVA was used to analyse data to test for the 2 hypotheses. The result reveals that there was a significant difference between the mean achievement of the group taught Geometry using team approach and the group that interacted with their class teachers only(F_{1, 287} = 117.961, p<0.05). However, male and female students taught Geometry using team teaching approach did not differ in their mean achievement significantly (F_{1, 287} = 9.690, p> 0.05). There was a significant interaction effect of gender and method on students’ achievement in geometry (F_{1, 287} = 6.551, p<0.05). The theoretical assumption that team teaching enhances students’ academic achievement has been tested and the findings have given practical support to the earliest proposition. Since the result in Nigeria especially geometry is along the pattern of the earlier findings in other countries and subjects, it implies that its use did not discriminate along subject, culture and location. It is recommended among others that adequate teaching and learning materials be made available for teachers who will be encouraged to use team teaching. That effort should however not be dissipated on gender rather on appropriate method such as team teaching since it has comparable effect across gender when used.

[Emmanuel E. Achor, PhD; Benjamin I. Imoko, PhD & Nguuma Jimin. Improving Some Nigeria Secondary Students’ Achievement in Geometry: A Field Report on Team Teaching Approach. New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):43-49]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.06

Keywords: Team teaching, cooperative teaching, geometry achievement, collaborative teaching

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Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from different Drinking Water Sources

Ibiene AA, Okonko IO and Agbeyi EV

Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, PMB 5323 Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

ibieneaa@yahoo.com; iheanyi.okonko@uniport.edu.ng

ABSTRACT: Bacterial load of different water samples was determined using standard bacteriological methods. Susceptibility of the bacteria isolated to commercial antibiotics was also assessed. The most probable number (MPN) for positive water samples ranged from 3 to 240 MPN/100ml and 2 to 17MPN total and faecal coliform respectively. Predominant bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Citrobacter sp., Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., Vibrio sp., Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter sp. The antibiogram carried out using the disc diffusion technique showed that all bacterial isolates were susceptible to gentamycin (100.0%) and streptomycin (77.8%) except for Citrobacter sp and Klebsiella sp which were resistant to streptomycin (22.2%). It also showed that all bacterial isolates were resistant to erythromycin (88.9%), augumentin (100.0%), and ciprofloxacin (100.0%), except for Bacillus sp which were inhibited by erythromycin (11.1%). Klebsiella sp showed the highest percentage resistance (87.5%) and lowest sensitivity (12.5%). This was followed by Salmonella sp, Proteus sp and Citrobacter sp showing sensitivity to only 2(25.0%) antibiotics and resisted 6(75.0%) antibiotics. E. coli and Vibrio sp showed senstivity to 3(37.5%) and resistance to 5(62.5%) antibiotics. The highest percentage sensitivity was exhibited by Shigella sp, Bacillus sp and Enterobacter sp (50.0%) and showed resistance to 4(50.0%) antibiotics. In term of the size of the zone of inhibition, Shigella sp was most sensitive to chloramphenicol, septrin and least to gentamycin. This was followed by Escherichia coli, which was also most sensitive to streptomycin, septrin and least to gentamycin. On the contrary, gentamycin, streptomycin and chloramphenicol was highly inhibitory to Bacillus species in the same way as gentamycin and tetracycline was to Citrobacter species. Salmonella species were highly sensitive to gentamycin and streptomycin, while the Klebsiella species was resistant to all the antibiotics tested except for gentamycin which is of public health concern. Proteus species was resistant to all the antibiotics tested except for gentamycin and streptomycin. The study showed the presence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms in these drinking water sources and this calls for particular attention, as their presence indicate public health hazard and possible occurrence of water borne intoxication.

[Ibiene AA, Okonko IO and Agbeyi EV. Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from different Drinking Water Sources. New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):50-56]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.07

Keywords: Antibiogram, drinking water, Muiti-drug resistance, Public Health concern

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Effect of habitat diversification and temperature on Valeriana jatamansi

Aabid M. Rather *, Irshad A.Nawchoo **, Aijaz A. Wani, Aijaz H.Ganie

Economic Botany and Reproductive Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 006. J & K. India

corresponding author :*email: abid.bot@gmail.com; irshadnawchoo@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Valeriana jatamansi is commonly known as Indian valerian, is critically endangered medicinal plant of N. W. Himalaya. The species is highly adaptable to prevailing environmental conditions and diverse habitat. The varying developmental changes under different environments are reflected in the leaf shape and flower dynamics. The species avoids the fatal effects of temperature by the development of unique floral characteristics for its successful pollination It seems to be adaptation to a basic climate of a particular population. During the present investigation we have assessed the various eco -adaphic factors in different habitats that may influence the reproductive aspects and flower dynamics.

[Aabid M. Rather, Irshad A.Nawchoo, Aijaz A. Wani , Aijaz H.Ganie, Economic Botany and Reproductive Biology Research Laboratory Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 006. J & K. India. New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):57-60]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.08

Key words: adaptation; environmental conditions; flower dynamics; successful pollination

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Determination of Death Time Duration of Dead Body Using Maggots

¹Ajay Kumar, ² Manoj Kumar Malik and ³Anita Kadian

¹Department of Zoology (Wild life and animal behavior laboratory), Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana (India)

 ^2,3Forensic Science laboratory (Biology division), Madhuban, Karnal-132001, Haryana (India).

¹e-mail - ajayindorakuk@yahoo.com

Abstract: The use of maggots has provided to be an important factor in death time duration. Estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) using faunal diversity, development and succession in human death investigations is based on a number of assumptions. In present study, maggots of House fly (Musca domestica) in case-I and maggots of Blow fly (Calliphora vomitoria) in case-II was sent in the Forensic Science laboratory, Madhuban, Karnal. For determination of death time duration of a dead body CRIME SOLVING METHOD (Smith, 1986) was followed. In both cases length of five number of maggots was measured with scale in millimeters. In case-I, it is varied from minimum 18mm (length of number 1 maggot) to maximum 26mm (length of number 4 maggot) with an average 22.60mm. It is examined average death time duration also varied from minimum 8 day (number 1 maggot) to maximum 10 day (number 4 maggot) with an average 9 day. Similarly, in case-II length of five number of maggots varied from minimum 28mm (length of number 1 maggot) to maximum 32mm (length of number 2 maggot) with an average 29.80mm. It is examined average death time duration also varied from minimum 10 day (number 1 and 4 maggot) to maximum 12 day (number 2 maggot) with an average 10.8 day.

[Ajay Kumar, Manoj Kumar Malik and Anita Kadian. Determination of Death Time Duration of Dead Body Using Maggots. New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):61-63]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.09

Keywords: Forensic Entomology, Insect Fauna, Blow Fly, House Fly, Maggots, Haryana

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Assessment of heavy metal Levels in the Environment, Egypt

Yasser H. Ibrahim, Alia A. Shakour and Nasser M. Abd Ellatief and Nadia M. El-Taieb

Air Pollution Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract: The air pollution in Cairo is a matter of serious concern. Particulate and heavy metals are particularly high air pollutants. Soil represents a huge sink for heavy metals ions, which can then enter the food chain through plants or leach into ground water. The present study was designed to investigate heavy metals in the environment. Samples were collected from three compartments, air, soil, and the selective cultivated plant (cucumber), at three different districts of Egypt, and their contents of heavy metals, including Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Aluminum (Al ) and Cadmium (Cd), were analyzed. The six heavy metals were selected from points of public concern. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined using atomic absorption. The study showed differences in metal concentrations according to the plant part (root, leaf, and fruit).

[Yasser H. Ibrahim, Alia A. Shakour and Nasser M. Abd Ellatief and Nadia M. El-Taieb. Assessment of heavy metal Levels in the Environment, Egypt. New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):64]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.10

Key words: Air Pollutants, Heavy Metals, Soil, and Plant

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New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):65]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.11

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Stroke knowledge and awareness among hospital workers in Fayoum University 

Naglaa A. El Sherbiny¹, Hadeer M. Abdel Ghaffar² and Sherine El-Mously ³

Departments of Public Health ¹, Pediatric², Neurology ³, Fayoum University, Egypt

Abstract: Background: Stroke is a life-altering public health problem in Egypt, hospital workers are important source of knowledge on health issues towards stroke. We aim to assess knowledge of Fayoum University hospital workers about stroke. Methodology: A cross sectional hospital based survey conducted on (202) of Fayoum University hospital workers; divided into two groups: health care providers (HCPs) and non health care providers (NHCPs). The two groups interviewed using a structured questionnaire related to; knowledge of stroke in both adults and children. Results: The (HCPs) represented (65.8%) of the study sample, (93.6%) of our sample had knowledge about stroke while (30.7%) only knew that stroke might occur in the pediatric age group. The main source of information was through dealing with someone having stroke in both groups (34.6%, 21.7% respectively). The first action during a stroke attack was going to a hospital (85% of HCPs and 40.6% of NHCPs). Conclusion: Huge gap of knowledge about stroke symptoms was present between the HCPs and NHCPs indicating the urgent need for community awareness program of stroke.

[Naglaa A. El Sherbiny, Hadeer M. Abdel Ghaffar and Sherine El-Mously. Stroke knowledge and awareness among hospital workers in Fayoum University. New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):66]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.12

Key words: stroke – knowledge -– health workers

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Somaclonal Variation of Three Tolerance Streptomycetes Isolated from Saline Soil

Seham M. Shash

Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Egypt

drdougdoug@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present investigation amid to the isolation of Streptomycetes from saline soil. The isolates were varied in color to aerial vegetative mycelia, morphology of conidospore surface, melanin production, utilization of carbon; nitrogen source and fatty acid analysis. As well as physical and chemical characters for their habitat soil. Streptomycetes isolates exhibiting wide range of variability. Analysis of variance for their characters revealed the presence of genotypic differences. The tolerance of sodium chloride indicates that almost the characters were less influenced by the environment. DNA finger print analysis were successfully revealed somaclonal and DNA genetic divesity among three isolates closely related St. catvus; St.canaries and St., nogalater. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for identification of three Streptomyces isolates were conducted on the screening of the primers and on the extraction of template DNA. Three out of ten random sequence 10 mer primers were successful in the three isolates ST1, ST2 and ST3 resemble to genus Streptomyces. PCR amplification yielded reproducible PAPD fragments which differentiated the three isolates examined. The difference was also recognized among the RAPD Fragments especially of St. calvus. RAPD-PCR analysis can be used to gain rapid and precise information about genetic similarities and dissimilarities of three Streptomycetes isolates.

[Seham M. Shash. Somaclonal Variation of Three Tolerance Streptomycetes Isolated from Saline Soil. New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):67-73]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.13

Keywords: RAPD- PCR; Genetic variability, Saline soil; Actinomycetes; Halotrophic bacteria

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Getting the Academic Management Concept More Practically Perceived: An Epistemologically-Extended Approach

Amgad Hamed Omara

An Academic Staff, Business Administration Dept. Faculty of Commerce, Menoufia University, Egypt. amgadomara63@yahoo.com

Abstract: Despite of the widespread management practicing everywhere in organizations, a grantee that this practicing was always correctly occurred has never been established. The justification to such an argumentative issue was too much hub revolving around the managerial background of the organizations' managers. Do all practitioners of management are originally specialist and/or well qualified in this area? Whether the answer is far logically no, do the organizations administered by those who are management non-specialist practitioners could effectively perform to the extent that may allow them to play their role as it is expected? Answering these questions, this research is striving to facilitate presenting the correct managerial knowledge and/or concept to those managers who are management non-specialists. Fulfilling this task it highlights the role to be done by epistemology, as the field of knowledge that's tackling the knowledge philosophy, origins, limits, foundations and sources so as to specify, by the use of knowledge sufficiency/ insufficiency criteria, to what extent the espoused knowledge is true or false. In other words, the research focus was to replace the incorrect concept of management, that's espoused by management non-specialist practitioners based upon their own opinions rather than the sufficient knowledge, with an academically correct one that's based upon a sufficient knowledge of the area. As so, within the context of a methodical framework a literature review has to be conducted for theoretically justifying the research subject by showing somehow the negative gap to fill up. At the same direction an exploratory study was conducted first for showing that the governmental hospitals' failure to play the role expected by them, second for initially showing that this most probably occurs due to their top managers' non-adoption to the correct management concept. A conceptual framework has been constituted to build a theo-hypothetical model. The concern was statistically testing a path of two interrelated hypotheses. One was to examine the relation between the failure of these hospitals to play the role expected by them and the non-adoption of their top-managers to the academically correct concept of management. The other was to examine whether the non-adoption of the top-managers to the academically correct concept of management is due to their need to get this concept epistemologically simplified rather than specifically specialized one or not. This was taken place through an empirical study, within which a stratified random sample of (214) sampling units, or doctors who are top-managing the above mentioned governmental hospitals, has been targeted, as representatives of a geographically distributed homogenous research population of (539) individuals. Statistically verifying the correction of these two hypotheses it was concluded that there is a shortage in providing simply this concept to be easily considered. Particularly by those managers who are management non-specialist practitioners. The recommendation was basically to turn the attention of management authors to the use of epistemology for easily presenting the management concept, so as to get it more practically perceived and as a consequence widely adopted.

[Amgad Hamed Omara. Getting the Academic Management Concept More Practically Perceived: An Epistemologically-Extended Approach. New York Science Journal 2011;4(12):74-110]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 14

doi:10.7537/marsnys041211.14

Keywords: management government; hospital; population; epistemology; consequence

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