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Influence of Alkaloid from Cnidoscolous aconitifolius (Miller) Johnston Leaves on Kidney and Liver Functional indices of Male Albino Rats

Moses Dele Adams ¹, Toba Samuel Anjorin ²

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. ² Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria. oyindamola35@yahoo.com

Abstract: The possible toxic effect of crude alkaloid from Cnidoscolous aconitifolius in the kidney and liver of male albino rats was investigated. The twenty four male albino rats involved were grouped into four groups of six each. Group A (the control) received 0.5ml of distilled water once daily. Groups B, C, and D were first administered orally with 0.5ml each and also with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the alkaloid respectively once daily. For the kidney, administration of alkaloid at all doses significantly (P≤0.05) reduced the level of creatinine, sodium ions and calcium ions in the serum of the animal. In contrast, all the doses of the alkaloid significantly (P≤0.05) increased the potassium and phosphate ion content of the serum. The alkaloid at 1000 mg/ kg body weight did not significantly (P>0.05) alter the level of serum urea content. The serum chloride ion of the rats administered with the 500 mg alkaloid per body weight was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than at other doses. For the liver, the alkaloid at all doses significantly (P≤0.05) increased the serum albumin while it is only the rats administered with 250 and 500 mg/kg that had significant increase (P≤0.05) in total and conjugated bilirubin level. The serum globulin level significantly (P≤0.05) increased at the 1000 mg/kg body weight. This study indicated that the crude alkaloid from C. aconitifolius leaves altered the basic function of the organs.

[Moses Dele Adams, Toba Samuel Anjorin. Influence of Alkaloid from Cnidoscolous aconitifolius (Miller) Johnston Leaves on Kidney and Liver Functional indices of Male Albino Rats. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):1-5]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.01

Key words: Albino rats, Cnidoscolous aconitifolius, Crude alkaloid, Functional indices, Kidney, Liver.

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An Overview of Synthetic Aperture Radar and Its Applications

Pavan Kumar^1,*, Meenu Rani², Poonam Bisht³, Manoj Yadav⁴, M. P. Sharma⁵, R. Prawasi⁶ and R. S. Hooda⁷

J.R.F.^{1, 2}, Student³, Assistant Sceintist^4,5, Senior Scientific Assistant⁶, Chief Scientist⁷

^1,2,4,5,6,7 Haryana Space Applications Centre (HARSAC)

(Department of Science & Technology), Hisar, Haryana, India

³Kumaun University, NRDMS, S.S.J. Campus, Almora, Uttrakhand, India

*Correspondence author- Email: pawan2607@gmx.com

Abstract: A Synthetic Aperture Radar collecting and storing all signals with respect to amplitude, phase, frequency, polarization and running time for gaining desired information with Special processing algorithms, Therefore, a SAR is an antenna. This paper provides a review of the progress in regard to the InSAR remote sensing technique and its applications in earth and environmental sciences, especially in the past decade. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a form of radar whose defining characteristic is its use of relative motion between an antenna and its target region to provide distinctive long-term coherent-signal variations that are exploited to obtain finer spatial resolution than is possible with conventional beam-scanning means. It originated as an advanced form of side-looking airborne radar (SLAR). Recent (2010) airborne systems provide resolutions to about 10 cm, ultra-wide band systems provide resolutions of a few millimeters, and experimental terahertz SAR has provided sub-millimeter resolution in the laboratory. SAR images have wide applications in remote sensing and mapping of the surfaces of both the Earth and other planets. SAR can also be implemented as "inverse SAR" by observing a moving target over a substantial time with a stationary antenna. An antenna for airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been developed in Multimedia University. It is a C-band, probe-fed micro strip patch antenna with an operating frequency of 6 GHz and a bandwidth of 168 MHz (SWR<1.5).

[Pavan Kumar, Meenu Rani, Poonam Bisht, Manoj Yadav, M. P. Sharma, R. Prawasi and R. S. Hooda. An Overview of Synthetic Aperture Radar and Its Applications. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):6-10]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.02

Keyword: SAR, SLAR, Antenna

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Serum Selenium Level in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

^*1Nassar A.M. ²Nassar A.H, ¹ El Gohary K.KH. and ³ElMinawi N.M.

¹Department of Rheumatology & Rehabilitation, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

²Department of Clinical Pathology and Biochmeistry El-Sahel Hospital
³Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

^*monanassar@hotmail.com

Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the level of serum selenium in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and to study its correlation with differ­ent parameters of disease activity. Selenium exerts myriad effects on the immune system and func­tions through several different pathways: 1- Reduction of organic and inorganic peroxides, 2-metabolism of hydroperoxides which are inter-mediate steps in the metab- olism of prostaglandins and leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid and 3-modulation of the respiratory burst through the control of super oxide (02) and hydrogen peroxide gener­ation. Atomic absorption spectropho‑tometric assay of serum selenium was performed in twenty juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients and twelve healthy persons matched for or age and sex as a control group. Data analyses showed a significant decrease in selenium serum level in patients with (JRA) as compared to controls. There was a negative significant correlation with param‑ eters of disease activity "morning stiffness, articular index and ESR". Decreased serum selenium level in JRA might affect selenium's li­gand enzyme glutathione peroxi­dase activity leading to decrease in antioxidative capacity of the glu­tathione peroxidase / reductase system and this could have a path­ogenic role in chronic inflamma­tion of JRA. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):11-14]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.03

Keyword: Selenium; Rheumatoid arthritis; immune system.

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The Impact of Magnetic Water Application for Improving Common Bean

 (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Production

Helal Ragab Moussa

Radioisotope Department, Atomic Energy Authority, Malaeb El-Gamaa St., P.O. 12311, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

helal_moussa@hotmail.com

Abstract: The technology of magnetic water has widely studied and adopted in field of agriculture in many countries (Russia, Australia, USA, China and Japan), but in Egypt available review on the application of magnetize water in agriculture is very limited. Therefore, the present work was carried out to study the response of some growth characteristics, yield and some chemical constitute of common bean for irrigation with magnetized and tap water. Irrigation of common bean plants with magnetic water increased significantly the growth characteristics, potassium, GA₃, kinetin, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid), photosynthetic activity (¹⁴CO₂–fixation), and translocation efficiency of photoassimilates (¹⁴CO₂–assimilation) as compared with control plants. Treatment with magnetized water had no significant effect on water content, malondialdehyde, and H₂O₂ contents as compared with the control. Also, there is a stimulation effect in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) in the magnetized plants over the control. It appears that utilization of magnetized water (30 mT) can led to improve quantity and quality of common bean crop. It suggests that magnetic water could stimulate defense system, photosynthetic activity, and translocation efficiency of photoassimilates in common bean plants. So, using magnetic water treatment could be a promising technique for agricultural improvements but extensive research is required on different crops.

[Helal Ragab Moussa. The Impact of Magnetic Water Application for Improving Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Production. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):15-20]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.04

Key Words: Common bean, Magnetic water, Photosynthetic pigments, Photosynthesis

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Forest disturbance and its impact on species richness and regeneration of Uttarakhand Himalaya

Neeta Arya* and Jeet Ram

Department of Forestry and Environmental science

Email- neetaaryadr@gmail.com

Abstract: Increasing anthropogenic pressure and dependence on plant products have led to widespread exploitation of natural forest in Uttarakhand Himalaya. The study area is located between 29⁰ 20’ and 29⁰ 30’ N latitude and 79⁰ 23’ and 79⁰ 42’ E longitude between 1350-2000 m elevation in Uttarakhand Himalaya. A total of 225 species were present in different canopy cover out of which open (194), moderate (197) and close (191). Mean species richness was maximum in close canopy, while mean shrub and herb species richness was open canopy. Mean tree species richness was not significantly varied from one canopy cover to another. High proportion of early successional species in disturbed forest indicated that disturbance induces succession.

[Neeta Arya and Jeet Ram. Forest disturbance and its impact on species richness and regeneration of Uttarakhand Himalaya. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):21-27]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.05

Key words: forest, richness, diversity

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Rural women as major factor in rural households

¹ Zahra Geraeli Afra, ² Khatereh siyar

^{1, 2} Department of Agricultural Economic, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran

*Corresponding author: khaterehsiyar@yahoo.com

Abstract: According to the most important factor of economic population development and growth rate are human resources of that community and also each community consists of activist men and women that under the social interaction have direct influence on community economic and development therefore strategies are required to developed community base on more and active participation of women that include the half of society instruct in economic, political and social foundation. women as an effective member of society, can crystalline their lead roles in various responsibilities formations. These responsibilities include promoting the concept of participation and employment in life and building the suitable areas for freely activity and introduce the right of economic management, ownership and.... This requires that all fees and necessary training for women to be considered. Due to the fact that the concept of women's participation, is not necessarily the female employment, although certainly part of the participation of women will be crystallized in their employment, but in this context, home and family affairs by women and their role in nutrition and child growth and Their education are also many responsibilities that women often are responsible for them.

[Zahra Geraeli Afra, Khatereh siyar. Rural women as major factor in rural households. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):28-32]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.06

Keywords: rural women, rural households

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Effective factors on improving criteria of rural women's empowerment

¹ Khatereh siyar, ² Zahra Geraeli Afra

^{1, 2} Department of Agricultural Economic, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran

*Corresponding author: khaterehsiyar@yahoo.com

Abstract: The women’s empowerment in the rural society will increase because of all the aspects of rural women’s self-reliance and their position will be confirmed. By the activities such as promotional services for increasing the rural women’s skills in various fields and by increasing the rural women’s knowledge in social, politic, cultural and economic fields and by using micro-credit plans for motivate and support women in economic development and their self-reliance, we can increase the rural women’s empowerment. Supplying credits and analyzing credits approaches cause opportunity to activate poor men’s working power , establishing field for sustainable production and income , prevent usurers and pre shoppers of agriculture productions to plunder poor rural men and finally empowering poor people especially women who can work but were deprived to have capital and work tools , and extension accordance to their activities such as needs assessment , identifying target group , organizing poor people , giving needed specialized and public training and … have important role on effectiveness and make effective activities of these credits.

[Khatereh siyar, Zahra Geraeli Afra. Effective factors on improving criteria of rural women's empowerment. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):33-36]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.07

Key words: rural women, empowerment

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Integrating indigenous knowledge and modern knowledge in rural

¹ Mehdi Nazarpour, ² Mojtaba Sadighi and ³ Mehran Bozorgmanesh

^{1, 2,3} Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran

Corresponding author: mehran11070@yahoo.com

Abstract: Indigenous knowledge refers to both component and whole part of culture of each nation and this component and whole integration is so that stop to change traditional society of life without indigenous knowledge out of its cultural origin and therefore would lose it concept and effectiveness. In order to develop agriculture extension activities, considering indigenous knowledge is critical because, sense of self-esteem and reliance on local sources would be reinforced by citing of vast application of Iranian indigenous knowledge and others ancient culture of world at sustainable development of industrial countries. also , necessity of considering indigenous knowledge at developing extension programs is emanated from where that is considered as principal components and sustainable human development items is emanated from same sources. At sustainable human development, people are considered as “goal” of social and economic policies that their range of their selections would be extended in order to actively participate at decision making. Therefore, people’s participation is one of tools of sustainable agriculture development. But active rural people’s participation at extension programs as a form of sustainable would not be possible unless by believing role of rural people’s knowledge, vision and skills.

[Mehdi Nazarpour, Mojtaba Sadighi and Mehran Bozorgmanesh. Integrating indigenous knowledge and modern knowledge in rural. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):37-41]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.08

Keywords: indigenous knowledge, modern knowledge

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The role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in improving rural women knowledge

¹ Khatereh siyar, ² Zahra Geraeli Afra

^{1, 2} Department of Agricultural Economic, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran

*Corresponding author: khaterehsiyar@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper is a multidisciplinary study of ICT initiatives for rural development and improving rural women knowledge. It emphasizes adoption of a more systematic approach for integrating Traditional Knowledge Systems (TKS) and ICT inputs to ensure sustainability of rural e-governance projects. The study of literature related to rural development and e-governance has indicated various issues impeding success of such initiatives. The main issues are lack of localization of content for rural communities and inadequate participation of rural communities in design of rural ICT initiatives. The study therefore suggests the use the systems-approach to integrate the relevant TKS along with ICT initiatives in the design of e-governance systems for rural development. This participatory approach can lead to creation of more acceptable and sustainable e-governance projects.

[Khatereh siyar, Zahra Geraeli Afra. The role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in improving rural women knowledge. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):42-46]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.09

Keywords: information and communication technologies (ICT), rural development, rural women

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Rural women empowerment and its effective on rural development

¹ Zahra Geraeli Afra, ² Khatereh siyar

^{1, 2} Department of Agricultural Economic, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran

*Corresponding author: khaterehsiyar@yahoo.com

Abstract: In the new system of advanced agricultural economy, the value of women’s work that previously was unpaid labor now must be paid in cash. Expect for agriculture which is rural women’s main work field they have rarely participated in tow other fields of economy. The most important issue of women’s social and political participation is to take part in planning, decision making, implementation of decisions, and evaluation of results. Generally they have had a little share in such processes. Although in recent years rural women have participated more in villages’ management, social and cultural organizations, and cooperative institutions’ management; but having a lower level of literacy, education, income and social status than urban women they still have the smaller share of administrative and official jobs.

[Zahra Geraeli Afra, Khatereh siyar. Rural women empowerment and its effective on rural development. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):47-52]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.10

Keywords: empowerment, rural women, rural development

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MRI SEGMENTATION USING KMEANS AND CANNY EDGE DETECTOR ALGORITHM

Anu Sharma¹, Ashish Oberoi² and Rajeev Kumar¹

¹ Computer Science Department College of Engineering

Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad.

²Lecturer M.M.University, Mullana Ambala

E-Mail : rajeev2009mca@gmail.com

Abstract: In this paper, two algorithms for MRI segmentation are studied. K-means and canny edge detector. The objective of this paper is to perform a segmentation process on MR images of the human brain, using K-means Algorithm and canny Edge detection algorithm. K-means Clustering algorithm gives us the segmented image of an MRI having the same intensity regions. K-means Clustering segments all the three matters of the brain i.e. Grey matter, White matter and Dark matter. Also the edge detection algorithm is implemented that gives us the boundaries of the various regions of the MRI depending on scale and threshold values used for the segmentation. Implementation of each algorithm is then discussed. Finally, the experimental results of each algorithm are presented and discussed.

[Anu Sharma, Ashish Oberoi and Rajeev kumar.MRI segmentation using k-means and canny edge detector algorithm. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):53-60]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.11

Keywords: Clustering Analysis, Medical Imaging, Thresholding Techniques.

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The Influence of Pulsation on Heat Transfer in a Heat Exchanger for Parallel and Counter Water Flows

A.E. Zohir

Mechanical Eng. Dept., Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies, Cairo, Egypt

alaa_sadegh@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this study, in order to increase the heat transfer rate in concentric double-pipe heat exchangers by an active method, a rotating ball valve was mounted downstream of the outer pipe end and used as a pulse generator. In the experimental set-up, hot water (40-70 °C) was passed through the inner pipe with fixed mass flow rate (Reynolds number ≈ 10,200) while cold water was passed through the annulus with Reynolds number ranging from 2,000 to 10,200 and exposed to pulsation. The investigation is performed for pulsation frequency ranged from zero to 40 Hz while the amplitude was kept constant by fixing the ball valve at heat exchanger outlet. The influences of pulsation frequency, Reynolds number, and inlet hot water temperature on heat transfer enhancement were reported for both parallel and counter flows. The experimental results indicate that the tube with the ball valve inserting downstream provides considerable improvement of the heat transfer rate. The maximum enhancement in Nusselt number for the parallel flow was about 20% while it was about 90% for counter one. Correlations for relative average Nusselt number, for different pulsation frequencies and Reynolds numbers are provided with maximum standard error of 12%.

[A.E. Zohir. The Influence of Pulsation on Heat Transfer in a Heat Exchanger for Parallel and Counter Water Flows. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):61-71]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.12

Keywords: pulsated flow; turbulent pipe flow; heat exchanger

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Hepatitis B And C Virus Co-Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Patients In Enugu, Nigeria.

¹Amadi, E.S., ²Ononiwu, C.E., ³Aballa, N., ⁴Oladimeji, S.A., ⁵Sofoluwe, K .B ., ⁶Omale, J.J., ⁷Aneke, F.A., ⁸Chikwendu, C.I & ⁹Onyido, A.E

^{1& 8} Department of Microbiology, School of Science, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

^2-6 Federal School of Dental Technology and Therapy, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.

⁷ Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria

⁹ Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

amadies2001@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus antibodies among 150 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients attending the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Veinous blood samples were obtained from the patients and screened for hepatitis B using the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rapid test strip (ACON, USA). The samples were also respectively tested for the presence of hepatitis C virus antibody using the rapid one step hepatitis C virus test strip (ACON, USA). Further, the CD4+ count of the patients were determined. The result of the study showed that 14% of the HIV infected patients examined had Hepatitis B virus antibody, while 4% had hepatitis C virus antibody. The highest rate of hepatitis co-infection was recorded among patients within the 26-35 age groups. It was also observed that 66.7% of the overall hepatitis co-infected patients had their CD4+ count less than 200 CD4+ T cells per micro liter of blood. The concomitant infection of HIV positive patients with HBV and/or HCV tends to bring about reduction in the CD4+ count among the infected patients. The study recommends the routine screening of HIV infected patients in Enugu, Nigeria for HBV and HCV co-infections. Furthermore, the course of the antiretroviral drugs among co-infected individuals should also be evaluated.

[Amadi, E.S., Ononiwu, C.E., Aballa, N., Oladimeji, S.A., Sofoluwe, K .B ., Omale, J.J., Aneke, F.A., Chikwendu, C.I & Onyido, A.E. Hepatitis B And C Virus Co-Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) Infected Patients In Enugu, Nigeria. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):72-76]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.13

Keywords: Co-infection, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV infected patients, antibody, CD4+ count.

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Role of Geospatial Techniques in Forest Resource Management of Sariska Tiger Reserve (Rajasthan), India

Meenu Rani, Pavan Kumar^*, Manoj Yadav and R. S. Hooda

Haryana Space Applications Centre (HARSAC)

(Department of Science & Technology), Hisar, Haryana, India

*Correspondence author- Email: pawan2607@gmx.com

Abstract: Forests have played a vital role in the economics and civilizing development of the India. Forest Management of forest cover, forest types, deforestation rate etc. is essential data for forest management. These data are now being secured applying on GIS and Remote Sensing. The present study focus on the forest management plane of Sariska Tiger Reserve using forest inventory method and geospatial techniques. Forests have the potential to be managed to reduce atmospheric concentration of CO₂ and thus mitigate climate change. Four forest species types, namely Anogeissus pendula, Boswellia serrata, mixed Anogeissus butea and mixed Acacia zizyphus mainly dominant in the forest cover of Sariska Tiger Reserve. The multistage statistical technique with incorporated the satellite data of LANDSAT ETM+ (2006) gives a precise information of vegetation. Satellite remote sensing has played a pivotal role in generating information about forest cover, vegetation type and Landuse changes.

[Meenu Rani, Pavan Kumar, Manoj Yadav and R. S. Hooda. Role of Geospatial Techniques in Forest Resource Management of Sariska Tiger Reserve (Rajasthan), India. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):77-82]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.14

Keywords: Forest cover; Forest type; Geospatial techniques

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Antioxidant Properties of Polyalthia longifolia

*NJOKU, Ugochi O.; JOSHUA, Parker Elijah and OMEH, Obiageli V.

Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria

Corresponding Author: parkeselisco@yahoo.co.uk

+2348038264257; +2348037804687

ABSTRACT: Polyalthia longifolia is a plant found in the tropical areas of the world. The plant is used as an ornamental tree. The seeds of the plant were investigated for its toxicity, phytochemicals and antioxidant activities. The acute toxicity studies of the plant revealed LD₅₀ of 400mg/kg which indicates that the seeds of the plant are non-toxic and save for human consumption. The plant was found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, fats and oils, tannins, steroids and terpenoids. The antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of the seeds were assayed using rat liver homogenate. Nitric oxide, ferrous sulphate and carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid scavenging activities carried out showed that there were inhibition in the formation of free radicals; indicating a possible antioxidant property. The use of the plant on humans can alleviate the incidence of oxidative stress.

[NJOKU, Ugochi O.; JOSHUA, Parker Elijah and OMEH, Obiageli V. Antioxidant Properties of Polyalthia longifolia. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):83-87]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.15

Keywords: Polyalthia longifolia; Antioxidant; Nitric oxide; Carbon tetrachlotide.

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Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Applied to Three-Level Voltage Source Inverter to Minimize Voltage THD

A. M.A. Amin, M.M.A. Mahfouz^* and M. F. El-Sayed

Electrical Power and Machines Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt

^{*mmahfouz@yahoo.co.uk}

Abstract : Multilevel inverters are increasingly becoming an excellent substitution of conventional two-level inverters owing to their superior capability, especially in high-power medium voltage applications. In both types, SVM (Space Vector Modulation) is mostly employed due to its superiority. However the complexity of normal space vector modulation SVM increases sharply with the increased number of level and/or phase of inverters. Multilevel inverters offer several advantages compared to the conventional 3-phase bridge inverter in terms of lower dv/dt stresses, less harmonic components and better output features. This paper presents a three-level Neutral-point-clamped inverter using space vector pulse width modulation SVPWM. The proposed technique target is to have minimum voltage total harmonic distortion THD by selecting the suitable step angle of the PWM vector. PIC18F452 microcontroller is used in the experimental setup for the driving circuit. FLUKE-43X power quality analyzer is used for THD measurment .A simulation model has been designed and verified experiemntally. The results of the phase voltage, line voltage and their harmonics spectrum show a good agreement between the simulation and the laboratory results that have been achieved.

[A. M.A. Amin, M.M.A. Mahfouz and M. F. El-Sayed. Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Applied to Three-Level Voltage Source Inverter to Minimize Voltage THD. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):88-96]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.16

Keywords: Neutral-Point-Clamped, Multilevel inverter, Space vector modulation, Microcontroller, harmonics

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Genetic variability of Nepeta septemcrenata Benth. (Lamiaceae) Assessed by RAPD Markers

M.A. Elkholy¹, M. Mansour¹, K. Omar ²

 ^1. Botany Department, Faculty of Science (Boys branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. ^2. Saint Katherine Protectorate, the Nature Conservation Sector (NCS), Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency(EEAA). kariem_npe@yahoo.com

Abstract: Genetic variability in N.septemcrenata populations from six locations in Saint Katherine Protectorate (SKP), using ten primers has been evaluated by RAPD-PCR analysis. A total of 122 DNA bands were detected, 54 bands were polymorphic, 44 were monomorphic and 24 were unique. The percentage of polymorphic bands ranged from 20% to 73.3% with an average of 40.69%. The amplified DNA bands ranges in size between 176 to 1874 bp. Number of unique bands ranged from 1 to 9 with average 2.4 per primer, it was observed that most of unique bands scored at location 6 (Wadi Elfaraa). Genetic distance between populations ranged from 0.0 to 0.38. Cluster analysis based on the presence or absence of bands was performed by dice similarity coefficient. Results show that there’s genetic distance between population 1 and population 6 this results explained as the effect of environmental condition varies from location to another and we find that the two locations are similar in their climate but varies in edaphic factors which may be the reason for this variation.

[M.A. Elkholy, M. Mansour, K. Omar. Genetic variability of Nepeta septemcrenata Benth. (Lamiaceae) Assessed by RAPD Markers. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):97-105]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.17

Keywords: Genetic variability; Molecular Markers; RAPD-PCR; Nepeta septemcrenata

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic and Bacterial Pathogens in Diarrhoeal and Non-diarrhoeal School Children’s at Hail, Saudi

*Mohamed A. Fareid¹, Ibrahem M. Alshankyty² and Omar, H. Amer²

^1- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

^2- Clinical laboratory Science Dept., Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Hail University

*mohamedfareid73@yahoo.com

Abstract: Diarrhoeal diseases constitute one of the most important causes of illness and death all over the world. This study will assess and monitoring the presence of intestinal parasites as well as bacterial pathogens among school children’s at Hail city. Stool samples were collected from 200 schoolchildren’s and were analyzed by standard microbiological and parasitological techniques. The incidence of Cryptosporidium spp. (50%), Giardia lamblia (42%), and Entamoeba histolytica (30%) were the most common parasitic agents which are detected in diarrhoea stool samples, while the incidence of Entamoeba coli (8%) and Ascaris lumbericoides (6%) were unexpectedly low. Entrobius vermicularis was highly significant (p = 0.003). The isolation of about six different bacterial isolates, especially Escherichia coli confirms the fact that these organisms play an important role in the etiology of intestinal tract infection in Hail. We found that E. coli was the most frequently isolated bacteria in both diarrhoea and non-diarrhoea stool samples was (88%) and (85.3%), respectively. However, the incidence of all bacterial isolates in diarrhoeal stool samples were significant (p=0.001). This depicts these bacteria as veritable etiological pathogen of infectious childhood diarrhoea. The disk diffusion testing for the antibiotic susceptibility illustrates a generally increased resistance to Ampicillin, by all bacteria isolates tested. While most of bacterial isolates showed high susceptibility to Augmentin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Ceftazidime.

[Mohamed A. Fareid, Ibrahem M. Alshankyty and Omar, H. Amer. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic and Bacterial Pathogens in Diarrhoeal and Non-diarrhoeal School Children’s at Hail, Saudi. New York Science Journal 2011;4(6):106-113]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040611.18

Keywords: Children; Diarrhoea; Pathogens; Parasitic; Susceptibility

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