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ASSOCIATION OF AUTO ANTIBODIES AND GENETIC FACTORS IN TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS

Elham Ragab abd El-Samea¹, Farha El Chennawy¹, Mamdouh Radwan El-Nahas²

 1. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

2. Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

Email: elhamelngar@yahoo.com; Tel. 0114571726

Abstract: Data reported on celiac and thyroid autoimmunity in type I diabetes mellitus differ vastly. Therefore, we studied celiac and thyroid auto antibodies in relation to patients clinical characteristics (gender, age, duration of the disease, age onset and body mass index), beta cell antibody status (GADA & IA-2) and HLA DRBI and DQB1 types. The study included forty-five type 1 diabetic patients (19 males and 26 females) with age ranging from 6 to 25 years (mean age 12.956 + 4.94) and fourteen healthy subjects as a control group. Serum samples were analyzed for anti-gliadin, anti-reticulin, anti-endomysium, anti-thyroid peroxidase, GADA and IA-2A. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to amplify the second exon of DRB1 and DQB1 alleles, after which sequence specific oligonucleotide probe dot blot hybridization techniques were used to analyze the amplified products. Molecular typing of HLA class II alleles showed an increased frequency of DRB1 *04 and *0101 and DQB1 *02 in type 1 diabetic patients in comparison to control group (57.77% Vs 21.428%, P<0.05; 28.8% Vs 0%, P<0.05; 57.77% Vs 21.428%, P<0.05). Celiac and thyroid autoimmunity tended to be more prevalent in the subgroup of patients with GADA positivity compared with GADA negative patients. These subgroups of patients were of older age, higher age onset and had female preponderance. GADA were also positively associated with DRB1 *03 and BQB1 *02 and negatively associated with DRB1 *04 and DQB1 *03. Logistic regression analysis revealed that anti-gliadin status was determined by female gender (B=2.1404, P=<0.05) and GADA positivity (B=4.3515, P=<0.01). Conclusion: HLA genotypes, beta cell auto antibodies and patient's clinical characteristics could identify a different subset of type 1 diabetes that had increased prevalence of thyroid and celiac auto antibodies. Thus combining clinical, immunological and genetic factors could predict thyroid and celiac autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes.

[Abd El-Samea ER, El Chennawy F, El-Nahas MR. Association of Auto antibodies and Genetic Factors in IDDM. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):1-10]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.01

Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), Insulin, auto antibodies, T cells, b cells

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Increasing the skills of rural women with micro-credit programs

Sharareh Khodamoradi ¹ and Mohammad Abedi²

¹ Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,

Tehran, Iran

²Department of Agricultural Management, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran

*Corresponding author: abedi114@yahoo.com

Abstract: By accessing to wide range of financial tools, families according to their priorities, invest on cases such as costs of education, healthcare, healthy and good nutrition or housing. Applicants for Microfinance resources mostly involved family supervisor women, pensioners, homeless people, frugal workers, small farmers and micro entrepreneurs. These people are divided into four groups: Poor, very poor, relatively poor and vulnerable poor. Whenever repayment afford , bond terms and accessing to data , in this classification will change , in order to supply sustainable financial needs of various clients , procedures and operation structures will be develop .Generally, in most countries, micro finance sources are considered for poor women. By women’s access possibility to finance services, they committed to loan and ensure its repayment and preserve their saving accounts and also enjoy insurance cover. Supplying programs for micro financial resources have strong message for families and societies. Most of qualitative and quantitative studies and researches have proven that accessing to financial services; will improve women’s conditions in family and society.

[Sharareh Khodamoradi and Mohammad Abedi. Increasing the skills of rural women with micro-credit programs. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):11-15]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.02

Keywords: Micro-credit, rural women

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Stimulation effect of some bioregulators on flowering, chemical constituents, essential oil and phytohormones of tuberose (Polianthes tuberos L.).

⁽¹⁾ Lobna, S. Taha and ⁽²⁾ Rawia, A.Eid

Department of Ornamental Plant and Woody Trees.National Research Centre,Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

* Corresponding author, emil, lobnasalah82@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bulbs of tuberose plants were soaked (24h) or sprayed with solutions of spermidine and ATP at 50, 75 or 100ppm for each. Both bioregulators (especially at 100 ppm) augmented plants bulblets and flowering characteristics (No. of bulblets, fresh and dry weights of bulblets, no of days to flowering, No of florets/spike, spike length, length of rachis and fresh and dry weights of spike) Spermidine was more effective than ATP for bulblets parameters but ATP was preferred for flowering parameters, photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, b and carotenoides), chemical constituents of plants (Indoles, phenols and total carotenoides). Essential oil content of flowers was significantly improved by soaking or spraying of ATP at 50, 75 or 100ppm. The highest amount of endogenous GA3 produced with ATP at 100ppm. However, spermdine (100ppm) caused the highest amount of cytokinins. Using ATP as soaking or spraying treatment at 75 or 100ppm resulted in the highest amount of ABA.

[Lobna, S. Taha and ⁽²⁾ Rawia, A.Eid. Stimulation effect of some bioregulators on flowering, chemical constituents, essential oil and phytohormones of tuberose (Polianthes tuberos L.). New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):16-21]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.03

Key words: Spermidine, ATP, flowering, chemical constituents, essential oil, phytohromones, tuberose

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Beneficiation Processing of Agbaja Iron Ore By Chemical Leaching Technique

S.M.O. Obiorah¹, M.C.Menkiti²*, E.E.Nnuka¹

¹Department of Material and Metallurgical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

²Department Of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: cmenkiti@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: The effects of dwell time, dilution ratio, leachant concentration and variables interaction on the dephosphirization of Agbaja iron ore have been investigated by chemical leaching[H₂SO₄] technique and 2³- factorial surface response methodology. Results indicate 96%, 95% and 96% of phosphorus removal at 36 min leaching time,0.3M leachant concentration and 1:2 dilution ratio, respectively. Iron loss during the leaching was less than 0.15%.It can be concluded that acid leaching of Agbaja iron ore is feasible at the conditions of the experiment.

[S.M.O. Obiorah, M.C.Menkiti, E.E.Nnuka. Beneficiation Processing of Agbaja Iron Ore By Chemical Leaching Technique. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):22-27]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.04

KEYWORDS: Agbaja, Leaching, Iron, Ore, Beneficiation,Iron ore

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Assessing main Characteristics of Adult learning

Sharareh Khodamoradi ¹ and Mohammad Abedi²

¹ Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,

Tehran, Iran

²Department of Agricultural Management, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran

*Corresponding author: abedi114@yahoo.com

Abstract: Successful adult education programs recognize that adult learner needs and learning styles may require non-traditional methods of teaching and accommodate them whenever possible. This means holding classes and sessions outside of typical working hours for adults that work, providing one-on-one tutoring, group classes, and other methods of delivering services that are flexible. It is also important to hold the classes where it is convenient for adult learners to attend, such as local houses of worship, residential facilities, libraries, or other community centers. Understanding this key principle is difficult sometimes for organizations that have worked in child education, but not in adult education. Congregations that have held learning programs for children may feel that they are suited to take on adult education without realizing the differences in program structure and content. It is important that congregations research training opportunities before embarking on an adult education program.

[Sharareh Khodamoradi and Mohammad Abedi. Assessing main Characteristics of Adult learning. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):28-34]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.05

Keywords: indigenous knowledge, rural

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Important of adult learning principles in rural education

Mohammad Abedi

Department of Agricultural Management, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran

*abedi114@yahoo.com

Abstract: Learners must retain what the program delivers to them in order to benefit from the learning. In order for participants to retain the information taught, they must see a meaning or purpose for that information. They must also understand and be able to interpret and apply the information in their own real life contexts. Understanding includes their ability to assign the correct degree of importance to the material and its application in the future. The amount of retention is always directly affected by the degree of original learning. In other words if the learners did not learn the material well initially, they will not retain it well either. Retention by the participants is directly affected by their amount of practice during the learning. After the students demonstrate they can apply new financial skills, they should be urged to practice in their own time and for their own personal needs to retain and maintain the desired performance.

[Mohammad Abedi. Important of adult learning principles in rural education. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):35-41]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.06

Keywords: adult learning, rural education

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Lesson plan in agricultural education for adult

Mohammad Abedi

Department of Agricultural Management, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran

* abedi114@yahoo.com

Abstract: There are many tests available to help you and your students discover your best learning style. Generally speaking, however, if you are someone who is more likely to think in pictures, prefer to meet with someone in person, and are more likely to want visual diagrams when completing a project you have tendencies towards visual learning. Similarly, if you are more likely to think in terms of sounds, prefer to speak on the phone with someone, and want verbal instructions then you tend towards auditory learning. Finally, if you are more likely to think in terms of moving images like mini-movies in your mind, prefer to participate in an activity when you meet to speak with someone, and tend to jump right into a project without reading directions you tend towards tactile/kinesthetic learning. In the best of all possible worlds, you would incorporate all three learning styles into each of your lessons. However, this is just not possible in the real world of teaching. In truth, it is often not hard to include both auditory and visual learning styles in your lessons. For example, you can have instructions written on the board and say them out loud. However, it is not always as easy to include the tactile/kinesthetic learning style into your lessons. The sad truth is that many students have this as their strongest learning style. It is best to not force the issue but instead find natural places to include kinesthetic learning. If your class warrants it, you could include simulations, role-playing, debates, or the use of manipulative.

 [Mohammad Abedi. Lesson plan in agricultural education for adult. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):42-47]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.07

Keywords: adult learning, planning

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Molecular Characterization of Intraspecific Protoplast Fusion in Trichoderma Harzianum

Hassan*^1, M. M., Ragaa A. Eissa¹, and H. A. Hamza²

¹Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Minufiya University, Egypt

²Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology researches Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City, Minufiya University, Egypt

khyate_99@yahoo.com

Abstract: Protoplast was isolated from two fungicide tolerant mutants PTz-C and PTz-F of T. harzianum, obtained from 18 h old mycelium digested by Novozyme 234 and fused by polyethylene glycol (PEG). The frequency of fusion resulting in double fungicide tolerant isolates was about 0.32 % and seven fusants were selected for further studies. Fusion between the two fungicide tolerant mutants of T. harzianum developed some superior strains. The present study shows that it’s possible to obtain temporary nuclear fusion in which recombination events can occur. The confirmation of occurrence of Intraspecific protoplast fusion using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique was carried out using two primers. ISSR banding pattern indicated that protoplast fusion was done at molecular level and it was consistent with data obtained from the protoplast fusion identification as nuclear and cytoplasmic fusion. Results of the present study demonstrated the scope and significance of the protoplast fusion technique, which can be used to develop superior hybrid strains of filamentous fungi that lack inherent sexual reproduction.

[Hassan^, M. M., Ragaa A. Eissa, and H. A. Hamza. Molecular Characterization of Intraspecific Protoplast Fusion in Trichoderma Harzianum. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):48-53]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.08

Key words: Protoplast fusion, PCR-ISSR technique, Trichoderma.

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Bacteria Isolated From Mines Effluent of National Iron Ore Mininig Project, Itakpe-Okene and Bioremediation Potential of Selected Species

Fagade O.E., Okunlola O.I., Ogunjobi A. A. and Oyelade A. A.

Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology University of Ibadan, Ibadan

Sekiteri2002@yahoo.com

Abstract: The microbiology of mine effluent of Itakpe iron ore deposit was investigated in this study. Sample of mine effluent were collected from the iron ore deposit of the National iron project, Itakpe-Okene, Nigeria and were analyzed microbiologically. The effluent was bioremediated using Bacillus circulans, Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus coagulans along with 0.1 %w/v Ca (OH)₂. Extent of remediation was monitored with the physicochemical parameters of the effluent. Twenty seven different bacteria isolates were identified from the mine effluent. They are species of Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Thiobacillus, Bacillus, and Micrococcus. Initial physicochemical characteristics of the raw effluent were pH6.8; COD, 714.05mg/l; BOD, 23.17mg/1; TDS, 254.13mg/l; Total alkalinity, 240.0mg/1; Total hardness 230mg/1. Physicochemical results obtained after a seven day period showed that COD of effluent seeded with Bacillus circulans reduced to 598.55mg/1; while for effluent seeded with Bacillus circulans and 0.1%w/v Ca(OH)₂ recorded 49.78mg/1. The COD of effluent seeded with Bacillus coagulans was 369.90 mg/l and 668.80 mg/l for that with Bacillus coagulans 0.1%w/v Ca(OH)₂. Pseudomonas sp singly recorded 281.60mg/1 while a value of 563.20 mg/l was obtained when use in combination with the Ca(OH)₂2. The BOD followed a similar pattern with Bacillus circulans recording 12.67mg/1 and 14.33mg/1 with the addition of 0.1%w/v Ca(OH)_2. Bacillus coagulans reduced to 6.0mg/1 and in combination with 0.1%w/v Ca(OH)₂ reduced to 18.87mg/1 The TDS for Bacillus circulans was 160.6mg/1 and 158.8mg/1 for that with Bacillus circulans and 0.1%w/v Ca(OH)₂. Pseudomonas sp recorded 141.0mg/1 and 177.9mg/1 of w/v with addition of Ca(OH)_2. Evaluated parameter indicated that effluent seeded with Pseudomonas sp of gave the best remediation.

[Fagade O.E., Okunlola O.I., Ogunjobi A. A. and Oyelade A. A. Bacteria Isolated From Mines Effluent of National Iron Ore Mininig Project, Itakpe-Okene and Bioremediation Potential of Selected Species. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):54-58]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.09

Keyword: Microbiology, Mine effluent, Physicochemical, Iron ore, Bioremediation

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Assessing Employment of Rural Women

Khatereh siyar

Department of Agricultural Economic, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran

*Corresponding author: khaterehsiyar@yahoo.com

Abstract: the reason that women are less important in the development is this thought and action. Because women are in occurred opportunities in the second stage, or even sometimes do not come into account. Zanjani in the article "Women's Empowerment" according to economic, social and cultural characteristics, one of the important subjects that have investigated is the effect of number of children in female employment in urban and rural communities. In Iran urban, employment opportunity population continually reduces by increasing the number of children. This reduction is weak, up to the third child and then takes the intensity. So that the employment opportunities of women decrease in pay to first child to the second 3 / 2 percent and the second child to the third 9 / 6 percent, while this reduction from third child to the quarter is 3 / 27 percent. But in rural society due to the household problems, type of activity and employment, increasing numbers of children not only make no reduction in women employment opportunities so with increasing the number of children, women's job opportunities is also growing and by having 7 child reaches its peak.

[Khatereh siyar. Assessing Employment of Rural Women. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):59-62]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.10

Keywords: employment, rural women

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Moisture-dependent physical properties of 12 varieties of rough rice (Oryza Sativa L.) grain

Iraj Bagheri¹, Mohammad Bagher Dehpour^1*, Seyed Hossein Payman¹, Hemad Zareiforoush²

¹Department of Agricultural Mechanization, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O.Box 41635-1314, Rasht, Iran

²Department of Mechanics of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran. dehpour@guilan.ac.ir

Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of moisture content on some physical properties of different varieties of rough rice grains. 12 rough rice varieties including Gharib, Hasani, Binam, Tarom, Khazar, Domsiah, Hashemi, Alikazemi, Hybrid, Kadoos, Sepidrood and Dorfak were evaluated in this research. The 12 varieties were divided into 3 groups, namely, Local short grain varieties (Gharib, Hasani and Binam), Local long grain varieties (Tarom, Khazar, Domsiah, Hashemi and Alikazemi), and Improved long grain varieties (Hybrid, Kadoos, Sepidrood and Dorfak) and the physical properties of the varieties in each group were determined at four levels of moisture content, including 8, 10, 12 and 14% (w.b.). The results revealed that the average values of grain length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, surface area, volume, sphericity, aspect ratio, thousand grain mass and angle of repose were in the ranges of 8.74-11.94 mm, 2.14-3.26 mm, 1.84-2.21 mm, 3.36-4.05 mm, 33.24-45.41 mm², 19.91-34.90 mm³, 31.97-45.01%, 0.19-0.37, 21.54-28.12 g, and 29.6-38.04º, respectively. For all of the varieties, by increasing the moisture content the bulk density increased. The static coefficient of friction on five surfaces, including glass, galvanized iron, plywood, iron and aluminum were in the range of 0.2180-0.3939, 0.2890-0.4122, 0.4192-0.6119, 0.3648-0.4621, and 0.2706-0.3843, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis, the effects of moisture content and variety on all of the physical properties of rough rice were significant (P<0.01).

New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):63-73]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.11

Keywords: Physical properties, Rough rice, Moisture content, Variety

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Design and development of Pedal operated flour mill.

Prasad A.Hatwalne¹*, Sushi T.Ambadkar², R.V.Paropate³,Vivek R.Gandhewar⁴, A.M.Wankhade⁵

1,2,3,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Yashavantrao collage of Engineering, Nagpur-440001, India

4,5Department of Mechanical Engineering,JDIET, Yavatmal-445001, India. hatwalneprasad1@gmail.com.

Abstract: The socio-economic conditions of peoples living in villages of developing countries including India, human muscle power can be good alternative to fulfill the energy requirements for performing many activities like flour milling. Pedaling is the most efficient way of utilizing power from human muscles. Keeping these things in mind a pedal operated flour mill is developed. The machine consists of a chain drive and belt drive that turns rotates conventional stone wheels ,where the poured wheat gets crushed to produce flour. The machine is economically viable, can be used by common people, save time otherwise spent in traditional hand cranking of stone wheels and can be adopted for human-powered process units which could have intermittent operation without affecting the end-product.

[Prasad A. Hatwalne, Sushi T. Ambadkar, R.V. Paropate, Vivek R. Gandhewar, A.M. Wankhade. Design and development of Pedal operated flour mill. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):74-77]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.12

Keywords: flour mill, chain drive, belt drive, stone wheels.

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Plasma Ascorbic Acid, Lipid and Lipoproteins levels in HIV Infected Patients

¹Ebesunun Maria, ²Finebone Patience. ¹Adetunji Kehinde, ¹Umahion Kingsley

¹ Department of Chemical Pathology&Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo, University, Sagamu campus, Nigeria.

² Chemical Pathology University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. onoebe@yahoo.com

Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) induces a wide array of biochemical and immunological alterations resulting in the progressive impairment of cellular functions, several metabolic abnormalities and eventual development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). There is paucity of information on the plasma ascorbic acid concentration in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in University College Hospital This study was designed to assess the interplay of ascorbic acid, lipids and lipoproteins in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy. One hundred subjects consisting of fifty HIV positive patients with mean age of 34.02 ± 0.95 years and fifty controls with mean age of 35.06 ± 0.98 years were selected for this study. Plasma ascorbic acid, lipids and lipoproteins were estimated using spectrophotometric methods. The anthropometric indices were measured using standard methods. The result showed significant reductions in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (p<0.01) and body weight (p<0.05) when compared with the controls. There were significant increases in the plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol LDLC (p<0.01) when compared with corresponding control values. There were significant correlations between TC and HDLC (r=0.427, p<0.01) and LDLC (r=0.975, p<01).TC/HDLC ratio was negatively correlated with TC/LDLC (r=-0.782, p<0.01) and HDLC/LDLC (r=-0.742, p<0.01). Plasma ascorbic acid, lipids and lipoproteins were altered in our human immunodeficiency virus. Infection patients on antiretroviral therapy.There were interplays in the plsma lipids and liporoteins in HIV patients.

[Ebesunun Maria, Finebone Patience, Adetunji Kehinde, Umahion Kingsley. Plasma Ascorbic Acid, Lipid and Lipoproteins levels in HIV Infected Patients. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):78-81]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.13

Keywords: Ascorbic acid, cholesterol, High density lipoprotein, human immunodeficiency virus

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Studies On Acute Mycotoxicosis In Turkey

Hassan, A. A*.¹; Nahed, M.El Mokhtar¹ and Samira, A.M. Snousi ²

Mycology Deptartment, ¹ Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Dokki and ² Veterinary Laboratory, El-Dakhla , El-Wadi -El-Gadid Governorate.

*atefhassan2000@yahoo.com

Abstract : The present study was undertaken to investigate the causes of Sudden death in a turkey farms at El-Wadi El-Gadid and Giza Governorates. The Post mortems examination of forty representative cases, showed enlargement and hemorrhages of liver, spleen, lung, kidney and muscles. Aspergillus flavus, A.niger, A.funigatus and Penicillium citrinum, were isolated in dominating frequency but Fusarium sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum and F. oxysporum were rarely isolated from these organs. The same fungi were recovered from houses of dead turkey (Feed, litter, air, underground water and dropping). From 122 of these strains isolated from houses of turkey, 110 were mycotoxigenic (90.1%), the ratio between the numbers of isolates screened for toxin production versus the number found to be positive is of interest. 85.3% of Aspergillus flavus produced aflatoxins, 80% of A. ochraceus produced ochratoxin A and 80% of F. Sporotrichioides and 100% of F. tricinctum and F. oxysporum produced T-2 toxins. The majority of mycotoxic fungi were detected in feed (90%) and 100% in litter which could be considered as the main sources of this toxicosis. On the other hand, the mycotoxins were detected in utilized feeds in significant levels. The mean levels of aflatoxins 35.0±1.5ppb were detected in 76.6% of examined wheat, 80.0±1.0 ppb of ochratoxins detected in 40% while 19.5±0.02 ppb of T-2 was recovered from 15% of examined wheat samples. Also, the higher significant mean levels were observed in utilized yellow corn in feeding of diseased turkey (42.5±2.6 ppb of aflatoxins and 51.0±0.01 ppb of ochratoxins). The same mycotoxins were also detected in sera of diseased live birds, 40% of turkey sera had a mean levels of 4.74±0.01 ppb aflatoxins, 20% had 1.200±0.03 ppb of ochratoxins and 50% of examined diseased turkey sera had a mean levels of 52.0±0.2 ppb T-2 toxins. The foregoing results gave a large probability that the feed, water, litters are the sources of these toxicosis. The biochemical parameters and electrophoresis patterns were significantly altered in diseased birds. The hygienic significance of fungal and mycotoxins pollution for turkeys health had been discussed.

[Hassan, A. A; Nahed, M.El Mokhtar and Samira, A.M. Snousi. Studies On Acute Mycotoxicosis In Turkey. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):82-91]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.14

Keywords: Mycotoxicosis, turkey, Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, T-2 toxin, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Biochemical, Electrophoresis

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Solar Disinfection Of Stream And Well Water

*Eniola, K.I.T, Alege, A.A., Aluko, A.G. Akinyemi, O.B., Falaiye, O.A and Awe, S. F.

Environmental and Public Health Research (EPHR) Laboratory, Mosunmola House, Temidire Area Tanke Oke-Odo, P. O. Box 4247 Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. ephr_lab@yahoo.com

* Corresponding Author: email: kennyeniola@yahoo.com, ephr_lab@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT: Solar disinfection of stream and well water was studied. Raw stream and well water were collected and dispensed into transparent, colourless plastic PET bottles. These were then exposed to sunlight from for four hour (10:00 to 14:00). The atmospheric conditions (sky condition, relative humidity, total radiation, aerosol optical depth and temperature) and the bacteriological quality (total bacterial and total coliform counts) of the water samples were monitored during the exposure period. The sky was clear, total radiation was high (588 -1317Wm^-2), relative humidity and aerosol optical depth were low (15%- 39% and 4.3×10^-1-1.9 respectively); the corresponding atmospheric temperature was high. The initial bacterial counts of the water samples were high (1.8 to 2.4×10⁶ and 2.2 to 2.4×10⁶ for well and stream water respectively). They were reduced by between 78.7 to 86.3% for well water and between 77.4 to 81.2%. The rates of killing of bacteria varied in the water samples and also hourly (8.5 to 56.5%/hour and 8.2 to 50.0%/hour for the well water and stream water respectively). The influence of the atmospheric condition on the disinfection of water is discussed. The study confirms that solar radiation could be effectively used to disinfect contaminated water and hence water can be made safe using solar energy.

[Eniola, K.I.T, Alege, A.A., Aluko, A.G. Akinyemi, O.B., Falaiye, O.A and Awe, S. F. Solar Disinfection Of Stream And Well Water. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):92-97]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.15

Keywords: Solar; Disinfection; Stream; Well Water

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Antioxidant Properties of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf)

*NJOKU, Obioma U.; JOSHUA, Parker Elijah; AGU, Chidozie Victor and DIM, Nzubechukwu C.

Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria

Corresponding Author: parkeselisco@yahoo.co.uk

+2348037804687; +2347051177825

ABSTRACT: Ocimum gratissimum (Scent leaf) is plant species mainly found in the tropics and widely used as spices. A study was carried out with the leaves of the plant to determine its antioxidant activities and phytochemicals present as well as toxicity levels. The acute toxicity of the plant extract on mice was found to be 2450mg/kg body weight. Phytochemical analysis on both the fresh and dried leaves of the plant revealed the presence of terpenes, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, proteins, carbohydrate, fats and oils with the dried samples having higher concentrations. The antioxidant properties of ethanol extract of the leaves was determined in vitro using rat liver homogenate. A significant inhibition at different concentration was observed with nitric oxides, ferrous sulphate and carbon tetrachloride induced lipid peroxidation activities when compared with ascorbic acid. This study revealed that Ocimum gratissimum may serve as a good scavenger of free radicals and thus reduces the effects of oxidative stress in the body.

[NJOKU, Obioma U.; JOSHUA, Parker Elijah; AGU, Chidozie Victor and DIM, Nzubechukwu C. Antioxidant Properties of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf). New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):98-103]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040511.16

Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum; Antioxidant; Scent Leaf; Free Radicals; Peroxidation

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