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Effect of Prescribed Fire on Some Driving & Abiotic Variables of Protected and Grazing Sites at Pauri, Garhwal Himalaya

J. P. Mehta* ,Kusum Pharswan and Subodh

 Department of Botany, Post Box-22, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), 246174, India. *jagatpmehta@gmail.com

Abstract: This study deals with the effect of prescribed fire on some driving and abiotic variables of protected and grazing sites at Pauri. Ransi-Nagdev areas were selected for the present investigation in which two were burned (protected and grazed) and the other two sites were unburned (protected and grazed). In this study data for rainfall, atmospheric temperature and relative humidity were considered as driving variables, whereas abiotic state variables are being represented by soil reaction, soil physical and chemical properties. Maximum rainfall (229.0 mm) was recorded in August 2006 and minimum (18.0mm) in December 2006 and January 2007. The mean maximum temperature ranged between 7.2 (January 2007) and 22.5 °C (June 2006). The relative humidity at 0800 hrs was maximum (82.0%) in September, 2006 and minimum (46.5%)in November, 2007, however, at 1630 hrs. it was maximum (78.5%) in September, 2006 and minimum (39.5%) in November, 2006. Across the sites, the mean soil temperature was highest on MBG(burned grazed) and lowest in MUP(unburned protected) during the year. The soil moisture percentage was higher during rainy season in MBP(burned protected) (27.50) and lower values were recorded during summer season in MBP (17.0). Total nitrogen was maximum (188.50 gm ̄ ²)) during summer season on MBG and minimum (133.15 gm ̄ ²)) in rainy season on MUG(unburned grazed). The maximum value of exchangeable phosphorus(151.15 kg ha ̄ ˡ)) in rainy season on MBP and Minimum (41.50 kg ha ̄ ˡ)) during winter season on MUP. Exchangeable potassium was maximum (268.50 kg ha ̄ ˡ)) in winter on MUG and minimum (135.0 kg ha ̄ ˡ)) during summer on MUG.

[J. P. Mehta, Kusum Pharswan and Subodh. Effect of Prescribed Fire on Some Driving & Abiotic Variables of Protected and Grazing Sites at Pauri, Garhwal Himalaya. New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):1-7]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.01

Key Words: Garhwal Himalaya, driving and abiotic variables, grazed and protected sites, prescribed fire

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Role of CD14 Gene polymorphism and IgE in pathogenesis of Acute Bronchial Asthma

Elham Ragab Abdul Samea ¹, Soma Sh.Abd El Gawad¹, Amina Abd El Maksoud², Nesrien Shalabi²

 1. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University

2. Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

elhamelngar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Acute bronchial asthma is characterized by acute episodes of obstruction relateded to airway inflammation mostly in response to respiratory tract infection. CD14 play a key role in inflammatory pathways. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of CD14 gene polymorphism and its plasma levels on the predisposition to develop asthma and its severity. This study was conducted on 20 patients during acute attack of asthma (group I) and in convalescence (after 6 weeks of treatment of the same patients, group II). Asthma severity scoring system was preformed to all patients according to (Martin et al; 2006). Arterial blood gases, plasma levels of sCD14 and serum total IgE were measured by ELISA. CD14 gene polymorphism was detected by restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR). During acute asthma, plasma levels of sCD14 were higher than during convalescence: sCD14, 3.23±0.48 versus 2.64±0.24 µg/ml, (p= 0.001). Higher plasma levels of sCD14 were present during the acute attack in those with 159TT and 159TC (p= 0.002 & p= 0.001, respectively), whereas in 159CC homozygous, sCD14 levels were insignificantly increase during the acute attacks (p= 0.119). A significant negative correlation was found between sCD14 and asthma score (r= 00.58, p= 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between IgE and plasma level of sCD14. These results suggest that in acute asthma production of sCD14 is increased in an attempt to control airway inflammation, and for subjects whose genotype limits or prevents these increases, the ability to control airway inflammation is impaired resulting in more severe asthma.

[Adul-Samiea ER, Abd El Gawad SS, Abd El Maksoud A, Shalabi N. CD14 and IgE in Acute Bronchial Asthma. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):8-14]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.02

Keywords: Acute Bronchial Asthma, Immunoglobulin E, CD14

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Phytochemical screening on different plant parts of some succulent plants of Egypt

EMAN, A. ALAM

Botany Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

eman200980@hotmail.com

Abstract: Succulent plants are good sources of bioactive materials such as saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins, cardiac glycosides and steroids etc.,. These bioactive materials gave these plants their medicinal importance regarding treatments of many dangerous diseases such as cancer, diseases that caused by bacterial infections and oxidative stress. Different parts of shoot systems of six succulent plants; Carpobrotus edulis, Rumex vesicarius, Zygophyllum coccineum, Hammada elegans, Anabasis articulata and Anabasis setiferae were studied regarding their chemical constituents. Phytochemical screening on different plant parts of these succulent plants revealed variations in phytochemicals under investigation within different plant parts of these plants.

[EMAN, A. ALAM. Phytochemical screening on different plant parts of some succulent plants of Egypt. New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):15-18]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.03

Key words: Succulent plants - Carpobrotus edulis - Rumex vesicarius - Zygophyllum coccineum, Hammada elegans - Anabasis articulata - Anabasis setiferae - Phytochemical screening

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[New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):19-26]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.04

Withdrawn

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Improvement of Galvanized Steel -Stainless Steel Spot welded joint Using Inserted Pin Technique

M.A. Morsy*, A.A Sadek and E. Rabea

 CMRDI, Cairo, Egypt. morsy_abokhala@yahoo.com^*

Abstract: Resistance spot welding of galvanized steel to stainless steel was conducted using inserted pin technique. In this technique, the galvanized steel sheet was drilled and a stainless steel pin of 2 or 4 mm diameter was pushed into the drilled hole. The resistance spot welding was conducted between the galvanized steel inserted-pin sheet and the stainless steel sheet. The performance of the joint welded using inserted pin technique was evaluated and compared with that of the normal resistance welding technique at different levels of welding time, welding current and welding pressure. The joints welded using 2mm inserted pin technique show higher fracture load than that welded by normal one. On the other hand, joints welded using 4 mm inserted pin show lower fracture load compared with normal technique. This may be attributed to the decrease in the circumferential fused area around the pin between the stainless steel and the galvanized steel. Hardness of weld metal is very close to that of stainless steel HAZ, However, the hardness of the galvanized steel HAZ is much higher than that of the base metal. The results was discussed on the basis of microstructure, heat generated and fracture load of welded joint.

[M. A. Morsy, A.A Sadek and E. Rabea. Improvement of Galvanized Steel -Stainless Steel Spot welded joint Using Inserted Pin Technique. New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):27-34]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.05

Keywords: Galvanized Steel -Stainless Steel Spot; welded joint; Pin Technique

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Cirramycin-B Antibiotic Production By Streptomyces Cyaneus-AZ-13Zc: Fermentation, Purification and Biological Activities

 Atta H.M.¹, El-Sehrawi M.H.², Awny N.M.³, El-Mesady N.I.³

^1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. The present address: Biotechnology Department. Faculty of Science and Education- Al-Khurmah, Taif University; KSA.

^2. Biology Dept. Faculty of Science - Taif University; KSA.

^3. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt.

houssamatta@yahoo.com

Abstract: This work was carried out for biosynthesis of specific bioactive substances that demonstrated inhibitory effects against pathogenic microorganisms from Streptomyces cyaneus, AZ-13Zc. The active metabolite was extracted using ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) at pH 7.0. The separation of the active ingredient and its purification was performed using both thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography (CC) techniques. The physico-chemical characteristics of the purified antimicrobial agent have been investigated. This analysis indicates a suggested imperical formula of C₃₆H₅₉NO₁₂. The minimum inhibition concentrations "MICs" of the purified antimicrobial agent were also determined. The purified antimicrobial agent was suggestive of being belonging to 16-membered Macrolide group (Cirramycin-B antibiotic) produced by Streptomyces cyaneus, AZ-13Zc.

 [Atta H.M., El-Sehrawi M.H., Awny N.M., El-Mesady N.I. Cirramycin-B Antibiotic Production By Streptomyces Cyaneus-AZ-13Zc: Fermentation, Purification And Biological Activities. New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):35-42]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.06

Keywords: Production; Characterization; Antimicrobial agent; Streptomyces cyaneus; Cirramycin-B antibiotic

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A UML Approach to Build a Mobile Agent

Prof. Dr. Ebada Sarhan¹; Prof. Dr. Iraky Khalifa²; Dr. Mohammed Haggag² and Nermine Mahmoud³

 ^1.Future University, New Cairo, Egypt.

^2.Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Helwan University, Egypt.

^3. Computer Science Department, Modern Academy in Maadi, Egypt.

nerminea@msn.com

Abstract: Mobile Agents are one of the most promising technologies of distributed computing. Mobile Agents have certain properties, such as autonomy, mobility and most of all; they fit well in the low-bandwidth network environments. This paper mainly focuses on the information retrieval in a distributed computing environment using a Mobile Agent. This approach is materialized by a UML notation, which includes views to model organizational, lifecycle, interaction and mobility aspects of mobile agents’ applications contributing to the analysis, design and implementation phases of their development. The PHP programming language is used for the implementation part using the PHP-YAZ and the Z39.50 protocol.

 [Ebada Sarhan, Iraky Khalifa, Mohammed Haggag, Nermine Mahmoud. A UML Approach to Build a Mobile Agent. New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):43-50]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.07

Keywords: Mobile Agent, unified modeling language, UML, object oriented approach, Mobile Agent architecture

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Utilization potentials of rubber seed oil for the production of Alkyd Resin Using Variable Base Oil Lengths.

M.C. Menkiti ^* and O.D. Onukwuli

 Department of Chemical Engineering,

Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author : cmenkiti@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: This work presents the potential utilization of Rubber Seed Oil (RSO) as a base oil for the production of alkyd resin using a nine sample oil lengths of 40,50 and 60%. The basic feed stocks for the production of the alkyd resin are RSO; Pthalic anhydride and Glycerol reacted at different stipulated ratios. The methodology employed is the experimental frame works and procedures developed by Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN), Iyama, Benin City, Project Research and Development Institute (PRODA), Enugu and America Standard for testing of Materials (ASTM), USA. The parameters tested for both the RSO and produce alkyd resin include: Colour, specific gravity, viscosity, smoke point, flash point, saponification value, acid value and iodine value. Experimental results show that the acid value, iodine value and saponification value range from 8.08 to 10.60mgNaOH/g oil, 46.4 to 86.18 gI₂/100g oil; and 389.90 to 531.08mg NaOH/g fat, respectively. It can be concluded that the 60% of oil length is of the best drying qualities in terms of tack free conditions with respective to the oil investigated and at the conditions of the experiment.

New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):51-59]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.08

 Key words: Rubber seed oil, Alkyd Resin, Saponification, Pthalic anhydride, Base oil length, Glycerol.

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Studies On The Adaptation Of Bambara Groundnut [Vigna Subterranea (L.) Verdc] In Owerri Southeastern Nigeria.

N.I.C Onwubiko¹, O.B. Odum¹, C.O.Utazi² And P.C Poly-Mbah³

 1. Department Of Crop Science And Technology, Federal University Of Technology Owerri, Imo State.

2. Department Of Agricultural Extension Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo.

3. Department Of Agricultural Science, Avan Ikoku Federal College Of Education Owerri.

E-Mail: onwubikouche@Yahoo.Com

 Abstract: Field experiment was conducted on the adaptability of bambara groundnut in humid rain forest tropical zones with six local accesssions in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data was collected on the yield and yield attributes, and analysed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means separated by least significant difference (LSD p=0.05). Correlation studies were carried out to determine the relationship between yield and yield attributes. Results of analysis of variance showed significant differences in plant height, canopy diameter and petiole length, and no significant differences in number of stems and dry matter weight (biomass) among accessions. Correlation analysis between yield attributes and fresh pod weight indicated positive correlation in all cases. However, plant height and number of stems had a near perfect positive correlation signifying that the higher the height of the plant the greater the yield. The performance ranking of the accessions showed that AC-01 had the best overall performance while AC-05 had the least. Conclusively, bambara groundnut is apparently adaptive in the study area (especially tall growing accessions), and can contribute immensely in food and nutritional security in this agroecological zone.

[N.I.C Onwubiko, O.B. Odum, C.O.Utazi And P.C Poly-Mbah. Studies On The Adaptation Of Bambara Groundnut [Vigna Subterranea (L.) Verdc] In Owerri Southeastern Nigeria. New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):60-67]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.09

 Key words: Vigna subterranea, bambara groundnut, adaptability, humid rain forest zone

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The Effects of Gender, Gender Role Orientation and Attachment of Labels on the Evaluation of Class Leaders.

Adebayo Sulaiman Olanrewaju ¹, Ibironke Remilekun Yetunde ¹

 ^1. Department of Psychology, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State 5363, Nigeria

lanryadd@yahoo.com, sadebayo@unad.edu.ng,

Abstract: This study, which was designed to find out the effect of gender, gender role orientation and attachment of labels on the evaluation of class leaders, was carried out using 194 research participants drawn from among the students of the University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. 116 were females and 78 were males with an average age of 20.23. The instruments used were the Schein Descriptive Index and the Bern Sex Role Inventory. Five variations of the Schein Descriptive Index (along the following five labels: class leader in general, efficient male class leader, efficient female class leader, inefficient male class leader and inefficient female class leader) were responded to by the research participants. Seven Different hypotheses were tested using 2X4X5 ANOVA. Findings revealed that gender role orientation had a significant effect on the evaluation of class leaders. Furthermore there were no significant effects of gender, and attachment of labels on the evaluation of class leaders and no interaction effects of gender and gender role orientation, gender and attachment of labels and gender, gender role orientation and attachment of labels on the evaluation of class leaders.

[Adebayo Sulaiman Olanrewaju, Ibironke Remilekun Yetunde. The Effects of Gender, Gender Role Orientation and Attachment of Labels on the Evaluation of Class Leaders. New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):78-73]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.10

 Key words: Gender, gender role orientation, labels, evaluation, class leaders

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Perception of Ghanaian mango farmers on the pest status and current management practices for the control of the African invader fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abdullahi G¹., Obeng-ofori, D²., Afre-Nuamah, K³., and Billah M. K⁴.

 1 Department of Crop Science, Adamawa State University, P.M.B. 25, Mubi, Nigeria.

2 Crop Science Department, University of Ghana, Legon. 3 Agricultural Research Centre, Kade, Institute of agricultural Research, University of Ghana: 4 Zoology Department, university of Ghana Legon.

gatsaranyi@yahoo.com

Abstract: The African invader fly Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta and White, generally considered as the most devastating pest of mango was detected in Africa (in Kenya, East Africa) in 2003. It was first detected in Ghana, West Africa in 2005. The perception of mango farmers from Dangbe West and Yilo Krobo districts in Ghana on the pest status and the current management options adopted for the control of this pest was sought by use of a Questionnaire. The survey results indicated that Ghanaian farmers rank B. invadens among the major pests of mango in Ghana. Farmers generally, believed that it is more damaging than other arthropod pest of mango. Possible losses such as loss of market value, rejection of produce at the international markets and quarantine restriction due to the presence of the pest were also reported by the farmers Several strategies are being adopted by farmers for the control of fruit flies (including B.invadens) in Ghana. These strategies include the use of insecticides, cultural control measures, and use of trappings to manage fruit flies. Some of the respondents use a combination of insecticides and cultural practices to reduce the menace of fruit flies. It was evident that farmers adopt multiple strategies to minimize the loses due to fruit flies in an IPM fashion.

[Abdullahi G, Obeng-ofori, D, Afre-Nuamah, K, and Billah M. K. Perception of Ghanaian mango farmers on the pest status and current management practices for the control of the African invader fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae). New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):74-80]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.11

Keywords: Bacrocera invadens, quarantine restriction, Dangbe west, Yilo krobo, survey

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Coagulation-Flocculation Performance Of Snail Shell Biomass For Waste Water Purification

J.U. Ani¹, M.C.Menkiti*², O.D. Onukwuli²

¹Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

²Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: M.C.Menkiti. E-mail : cmenkiti@yahoo.com

Abstract: Coagulation and flocculation treatment of fibre-cement effluent was studied in respect of pH and dosage variation at room temperature using snail shell biomass as a precursor to coagulant .Coagulation kinetics parameters such as order of reaction, α, and rate constant, K. .Coagulation performance was measured in nephelometric jar test while coagulant preparation was based on work reported by Fernandez-Kim. Maximum parameter values are recorded at K of 4.5 x 10^-3 l/mg.min, α of 2 and total solid of 2028mg/l. Parameters obtained lie within acceptable range while it can be concluded that the coagulation performance of snail shell biomass is adequate.

[J.U. Ani, M.C.Menkiti, O.D. Onukwuli. Coagulation-Flocculation Performance Of Snail Shell Biomass For Waste Water Purification. New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):81-90]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.12

Keywords: Snail shell biomass, Coagulation/ flocculation , fibre-cement effluent

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Studies on dye removal from aqueous media using activated coal and clay: an adsorption approach

M.C.Menkiti^* and O.D. Onukwuli

 *Corresponding author : cmenkiti@yahoo.com

Department of Chemical Engineering

Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awaka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT: The use of activated clay and coal as adsorbents in the removal of three different colors of dyes (acidic orange dye, D1, basic yellow dye, D2 dispersed blue dye D3) from aqueous media is studied. The study involved the continuous fixed bed and batch adsorption process employed for the determination of breakthrough times and adsorption constants (Freundlich and Langmuir) respectively. For the activated coal in fixed bed the breakthrough time were 20 mins and 25 mins for D1, D2 and D3, respectively. For activated clay, the break through time were 20 mins and 25 mins for D1,D2 and D3 respectively. The experimental equilibrium data obtained for coal and clay fit better in the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, respectively at the conditions of the experiment. It can be concluded that if will processed, clay and coal are potential sources of adsorbing materials.

[M.C.Menkiti and O.D. Onukwuli. Studies on dye removal from aqueous media using activated coal and clay: an adsorption approach. New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):91-95]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.13

Key words: Dye, Adsorption, Isotherm, coal, clay

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The Magical Herb “Euphorbia hirta L.” An Important Traditional Therapeutic Herb for Wart Disease among the Vangujjars of Forest near Kashipur, Uttarakhand

Bhasker Joshi

 Department of Botany (R. H. Govt. P. G. College, Kashipur), Kumaun University, Nainital–244713 (State-Uttarakhand), India

Email: bhaskerjoshiphd@yahoo.com / bhaskerjoshiphd@in.com

Abstract: The oldest remedies known to humankind are herbal medicines. India is known worldwide for its Ayurvedic treatments. Euphorbia hirta is often used traditionally as medicine. Euphorbia hirta L. belongs to family Euphorbiaceae. It is an annual herb present on the roadside throughout the country. The tribal societies of different region and the vangujjars have developed their own indigenous medicinal system. Euphorbia hirta L. is known to have medicinal, cultural and ethnobotanical uses.

[Bhasker Joshi. The Magical Herb “Euphorbia hirta L.” An Important Traditional Therapeutic Herb for Wart Disease among the Vangujjars of Forest near Kashipur, Uttarakhand. New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):96-97]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.14

Key Words: Euphorbia hirta L., Traditional medicines, Vangujjars

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Bacterial Exotoxin (Streptolysin O) Removal from Water Using Ozone Gas

Roushdy M. Mohamed

 Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

m27roushdy@yahoo.com

Abstract: High concentrations of bacterial toxins could occur as a result of contamination of open water. The object of this paper was focused on the inactivation of bacterial toxin (streptolysin O) in water by ozonation process. The interest in ozone as a water disinfectant is based on its high biocidal efficacy, wide antimicrobial spectrum, absence of by-products that are detrimental to health and the ability to generate it on demand, ''in situ'', without needing to store it for later use. The efficacy of ozone for bacterial toxin inactivation increased with increasing exposure time (5 minutes) and ozone concentration (7 g/m³). A bacterial strain (streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615) was allowed to grow on toxin production medium. Subsequent extraction and precipitation of toxin was conducted for detection of toxin. Finally the crude toxin was treated with ozone gas. The ozone was generated using coaxial dielectric-barrier-discharge (DBD) technique. In the present work, the cell of the discharge consists of coaxial electrodes. Ozone was applied directly into the tubes containing 1 ml of the crude SLO diluted with PBS at pH 7.4.

[Roushdy M. Mohamed. Bacterial Exotoxin (Streptolysin O) Removal from Water Using Ozone Gas. New York Science Journal 2011;4(2):98-105]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040211.15

 Keywords: Bacterial toxin; Streptolysin (O); Removal; Water; Ozone

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