New York Science Journal
Volume 3 -
Number 11 (Cumulated No. 21); November 1, 2010; ISSN 1554-0200
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(print), Introduction,
Contents, Call for
Papers, All papers in one file
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CONTENTS
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Titles / Authors
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1
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Effect Of Sowing Date On Calyx Yield And
Yield Components Of Rosselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) In
Northern Guinea Savanna
*Futuless, K. N; Kwaga, Y1.
M and Clement, T2.
*1Department of Crop Science, Faculty of
Agriculture,
Adamawa State
University, P. M. B
25, Mubi Nigeria
2Ministry of Education, Michika Adamawa State Nigeria
*Corresponding Address:
E-mail: futulesskaki@yahoo.com;
GSM: 08034798172
Abstract: The study is aimed at
determining the most appropriate sowing date on yield and yield
attributes of Roselle [Hibiscus
sabdariffa L. ] in Northern
Guinea Savanna. The Experiment was conducted
in the wet season of 2009 of
Adamawa State
University,
Mubi. Ploughing was done before planting of the seeds of at s
spacing 0f 30cm X 30cm. The effect of sowing date on yield and
yield attributes of Roselle
(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) was examined in experiment
conducted in the wet season of 2009 at Adamawa State University
Mubi. Four sowing dates using local varieties of rosselle
spanned between July and August were laid in a randomized
complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data were
collected on plant height, leaf length, leaf width, days to 50%
flowering, number of fruit per plant, fresh calyx yield and dry
calyx yield. Result revealed that roselle sown in mid July had
superior vegetative growth of plant height (33.95 cm), leaf
length (16.83 cm), leaf width (7.75 cm) and days to 50%
flowering (93) which were significant (p=0.05) to other sowing
dates. August sown roselle recorded longer days of (101)
relative to the ones sown in July. Roselle sown in mid July
however gave the highest number of fruits (134), fresh calyx
length (5.8cm), fresh calyx yield (139.59kg/ha) and dry calyx
yield (81.03kg/ha) with an advantage to other sowing dates.
Result revealed that rosselle sown in mid July had superior
vegetative growth as shown in significantly (p=0.05) affected
by sowing date with the August sown taking longer days relative
to the ones sown in July roselle sown in mid July however
gave the highest calyx yield 81.03kg/ha with an advantage to
other sowing dates. The need to screen the type of seed along
side with other agronomic properties in this type of study
cannot be over emphasized. [New York Science Journal
2010;3(11):1-4]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.01
Key words: Sowing,
Roselle,
yield, treatments, productivity
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Potency
of Barleria prionitis bark extracts against oral
diseases causing strains of bacteria and fungi of clinical origin
Kamal
Rai Aneja, Radhika Joshi, Chetan Sharma
Department
of Microbiology, Kurukshetra
University,
Kurukshetra-136119. Haryana. India.
joshi_radhika31282@yahoo.com
Abstract: Oral health is integral to general
well being and relates to the quality of life that extends
beyond the functions of craniofacial complex. Plants have
traditionally provided a source of hope for novel drug
compounds, as plant herbal mixtures have made large
contributions to human health and well-being. We report in this
work for the first time, the potent antifungal activity of Barleria
prionotis L. bark on two Candida albicans strains
and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, involved in oral diseases
of human. Acetone, methanol, ethanol, aqueous (hot and cold)
extracts of Barleria prionitis bark were screened for in
vitro activity against four oral bacteria Streptococcus
mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. and
three oral fungi C.albicans strain 1, C.albicans strain
2 and S.cerevisiae. This plant was selected due to its
traditional use for the treatment of oral infections. Three
clinical strains namely Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. and
Candida albicans strain 2 were isolated from dental
caries affected patients. The antimicrobial activity of B.prionitis
extracts on the agar plates varied in different solvents.
The methanolic bark extract of B. prionitis was the most
effective against all the four oral bacteria and the three oral
fungi. Bacillus sp. was found to be the most sensitive
pathogen which survived upto 12.5mg/ml, thus having an MIC of
25mg/ml. The antimicrobial potential of B.prionitis bark
against Bacillus sp. was comparable with the standard
antibiotic drug, the positive control, ciprofloxacin which
produced a 29.65mm inhibition zone. Interestingly the
methanolic extract of B.prionitis bark showed much more
potent activity against all the tested oral fungi namely S.cerevisiae,
C.albicans strain 1 and C.albicans strain 2, than
the standard drug amphotericin –B thus having a great
potential to control candidiasis and other oral fungal
infections. [New York Science
Journal 2010;3(11):5-12]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.02
Key words: Oral pathogens; Barleria prionitis; antimicrobial
activity; zone of inhibition; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
(MIC)
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3
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Retanning Agents for Chrome Tanned
Leather based on Nano-Emulsion of Styrene/Butyl Acrylate
Copolymers
EL-Shahat H.A. Nashy (a)*,
Ahmed I. Hussein (b) and Mohamed M. Essa (b)
Chemistry of
Tanning Materials and Leather Technolog(a), Polymers and Pigments(b) Departments, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza
12622, Egypt
E mail: Ismaelahmed1@yahoo.com
Abstract: Retanning process is one step of
wet-finishing operations and is very important operation which
overcomes the disadvantages of chrome tan. For this
purpose two different nano-emulsions of styrene/acrylate
copolymers have been prepared to be used as retanning agents.
The main difference and characters of the two nano - copolymers
were studied. The particle size of the two prepared co-polymers
was proved by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The
influence of the two prepared copolymers on chrome tanned
leather as retanning agents was also studied. The properties of
the retanned leather, namely, tensile strength and elongation
at break were measured. Thermal stability and texture of grain
surface and fibers were examined using thermal gravimetric
analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM),
respectively. All these parameters were the main target of this
work and used to evaluate the applicability of copolymers as
efficient ratannang agents. The retanned leather was achieved
with an improvement of mechanical properties, enhancement of
thermal stability, uniform dyestuff, softness and firmness
grain. [New York
Science Journal 2010;3(11):13-21]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.03
Key words: Retanning
agent, Chrome tanned leather, Nano-particles, Copolymers,
Emulsion, Scanning electron microscope, Thermal stability,
transmission electron microscope, Mechanical properties, Color
difference
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Effect of Different Sand and Soil
Ratios on the Growth of Terminalia arjuna W. & A.
Ritu vishnoi1, Govind S. Rajwar2
& Prakash C. Kuniyal2
1Department of Biotechnology, Modern Institute of
Technology, Dhalwala, Rishikesh, 249201, India.
2Department of Botany,
Govt. P.G.
College, Rishikesh,
249201, India
dr.ritu.vishnoi@gmail.com
Abstract: The present work was aimed to
determine the suitable soil condition for the growth of the
medicinal plant Terminalia arjuna W. & A. The phenological
attributes of the Terminalia arjuna were studied for different
parameters viz., whole length, stem length, root length, whole
biomass, stem biomass and root biomass. Preparation of soil
sample was done following the procedure of drying, grinding,
sieving, mixing and partitioning. Seeds of Terminalia arjuna
were sown in two sand and soil ratios (80 sand: 20 normal soil,
40 sand: 60 normal soil) and a control condition (normal soil).
The data were analyzed by using factorial analysis (GENSTAT 5).
The results of present study showed that root biomass in
control condition was higher (2.74 gm) than in other two types
of soil ratio (1.63 gm for 80:20 and 1.44 gm for 40:60). It was
observed that stem biomass in soil ratio of 40:60 was higher
(2.87 gm) than other two soil ratios (2.45 gm and 2.42 gm) the
whole length of plant was highest (141.8 cm) during rainy
season followed by summer (74.8) and winter (43.5). The root
length of the plant was highest (66.0 cm) in rainy season and minimum
(25.5 cm) in winter season. The findings suggested that
Terminalia arjuna gave better growth pattern in the soil ratio
of 80:20 in rainy season. [New York Science Journal
2010;3(11):22-26]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.04
Keywords: Phenology,
Terminalia arjuna, Medicinal plant
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Hydrolytic Enzymes of Moulds Involved
in Bread Spoilage
Ahaotu, N. N., *Ogueke, C. C. and
Ahaotu, I.
Department of Food Science and
Technology, Federal
University
of Technology,
Owerri. PMB. 1526 Owerri,
Nigeria.
e-mail: nnaya78@yahoo.com ;chikaogueke@yahoo.com
*Author for correspondence and proof
Abstract:
The activities of
hydrolytic enzymes of moulds isolated from bread were studied
using milk, starch and olive oil agars while proximate
composition of bread and the pH, titrable acidity and total
mould counts during storage were determined using standard
analytical procedures. Aspergillus niger produced
the highest hydrolytic activity on milk and starch agars (13.18
mm2/day and 8.27 mm2/day respectively)
while Rhizopus stolonifer had the highest activity on
olive oil agar with a value of 13.29 mm2/day. The
culture supernatants of A. flavus had the highest
activity on milk, starch and olive oil agars with values of 4.5
mm, 5.5 mm and 3.0 mm respectively. The pH of bread stored at
ambient and refrigeration temperatures decreased as days of
storage increased while the total titrable acidity increased.
Bread stored at refrigeration temperature had the highest mould
counts of 1.0x105 cfu/g at the end of storage.
Proximate analysis showed that bread has 56.75% carbohydrate,
2.96% protein, 3.40% fat, 0.98% crude fibre and 1.74% ash. [New York Science Journal
2010;3(11):27-36]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.05
Key words: enzyme; proteolytic; amylolytic; lipolytic;
bread; moulds.
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Whey Protein Concentrate and Ginseng Extract
Exhibit Antioxidant Properties in vitro and Reduce
Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Aflatoxin in vivo
Ahmed A.
El-Kady1, Hafiza A. Sharaf*2, Ahmed S.
Gad3, Fathia A. Mannaa4, Nabila
S. Hassan2,
Mosaad
A. Abdel-Wahhab1
1Food Toxicology & Contaminants, 2Pathology,
3Dairy Science, 4Medical Physiology,
Departments, National
Research Center,
Dokki, Cairo,
Egypt
Hafiza.sharaf@yahoo.com
Abstract: Aflatoxins the major toxic metabolites
of fungi which are able to induce chronic liver damages. The
antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of whey protein
concentrate (WPC) and/or Korean ginseng extract (KGE) were
evaluated in vitro in in vivo. In the in vitro
study, five concentrations (e.g. 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/100
ml) of WPC and/or KGE were tested for their antioxidant
activity using ABTS and thiobarbituric acid
reactive substances (TBARS) assays. In the in vivo study,
male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups
including the control group, the group fed AFs-contaminated
diet (2.5 mg/kg diet) and the groups treated with WPC (500
mg/kg b.w) and/or KGE (20 mg/kg b.w) with or without aflatoxins
for 30 days. The results indicated that both WPC and KGE
exhibit antioxidant activity in vitro and the combined
treatment showed the potential effect. Both agents showed a
potential hepatoprotective effects against aflatoxins-induced
liver damage and oxidative stress. They succeeded to restore
the biochemical parameters and improve the histological and
histochemical picture of the liver. This improvement was
pronounced in the group received the combined treatment of WPC
and KGE. It could be concluded that WPC should be incorporated
with KGE when used as functional foods for people suffering
from liver diseases. [New
York Science Journal 2010;3(11):37-51].
(ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.06
Key words: whey protein
concentrate; ginseng, aflatoxin; mycotoxins; liver; oxidative
stress; antioxidants
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Molecular
Genetic Approach by using the RAPD-PCR Technique for Detection
of Genetic Variability in Non- Human Isolates of Fasciola
Nashwa
I.
Ramadan1, Lobna M. Saber2, Maha M. Abd El
Latif3, Nabila A. Abdalla4, and Halla M.
Ragab4
1Department
of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, 2Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar
University, 3Department of research and
applications of supplementary medicine, 4Department
of Biochemistry, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division,
,National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt hmragab@yahoo.com
Abstract: Background: Understanding genetic structure and status of genetic
variation of the Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica
isolates from different hosts, has important implications for
epidemiology and effective control of fasciolosis. The aim of
the present work was to study the molecular characterization of
Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica isolates
collected from cows and sheep, using the random amplified
polymorphic DNA fragments-polymerase chain reaction (RAPDs-PCR)
technique. Methods: F. gigantica and F.
hepatica of bovine and ovine origin were collected from the
biliary tracts and gall bladders of condemned bovine and ovine
livers from Cairo Governmental slaughter house. By using
(RAPDs-PCR) technique, optimal standardization of conditions of
amplification and thermocyclation was made, using genetic
markers. The methodology used compared the genetic pattern
between the two species (inter-species) and inside each species
(intra-species) between cow and sheep and the amplification
fragments were between 135 and 741 base pairs of marker. Results:
The results showed genetic variations (polymorphisms) of
Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica with amplification fragment
based on a 500 – 400 base pair (bp). Inside each species,
there were genetic variations in bovine and ovine strains and
the amplification fragments were between 600 and 400 base pairs
(bp). Conclusion: This assay is useful for both
individual diagnosis and epidemiological surveys in endemic
regions. [New York Science Journal
2010;3(11):52-60]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.07
Keywords: Fasciola hepatica; Fasciola gigantica and (RAPDs-PCR)
technique.
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Klebsiella has taken lead among uropathogens in
University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria-An
observation
Osazuwa F 1, 1Mordi RM 1, Osazuwa E 2 Taiwo SS 3
Alli OAT 4, Ogbolu DO 4, Akanni EO 4, Anukam KC 5
1 Department of medical microbiology, University
of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin City
.Nigeria
2 Department of Pharmaceutical microbiology,
Faculty of pharmacy, University of Benin,
Benin City, Nigeria
3 Department of Medical Microbiology, College of
health sciences, Ladoke
Akintola
University of Technology
Osogbo. Nigeria
4 Department of Biomedical sciences, College of
health sciences, Ladoke Akintola
University of Technology Osogbo, Nigeria
5 Department of medical
laboratory sciences, Faculty of Basic medical
Sciences University
of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
Correspondence to: Osazuwa
favour Email:osazuwafavour@yahoo.com
Abstract: Against the background of reports of changes in
the prevalence of uropathogens, this study aimed to determine
the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among out-patients
of a tertiary hospital, the most prevalent uropathogen, and the
distribution of uropathogens among both genders. Clean–catch
midstream urines were collected from 1,011 out–patients
consisting of 412 males and 599 females. Significant bacterial
isolates were identified in the urine samples using standard
techniques. Female patients had significantly higher prevalence
of asymptomatic bacteriuria (p <0.05). Klebsiella sp
was the most common uropathogen (33.3%) as well as in both
genders of patients. Other pathogens recovered includes Escherichia
coli (32.3), Staphylococcus aureus (17.6%),
Candida albicans (7.5%)), Coagulase negative staphylococcus
(3.9%), Proteus sp (3.2%), Enterococcus faecalis (1.1%),
Pseudomonas (0.7%) and Providencia sp (0.4%). An overall
prevalence of (27.6%) of asymptomatic bacteriuria was found and
Klebsiella sp was the predominant uropathogen in both
genders of out–patients. [New York
Science Journal 2010;3(11):61-64]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.08
Keywords: prevalence
of asymptomatic bacteriuria; out-patient; uropathogen
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Low External Input Technology
Agriculture and Rural Development in Nigeria
Anyanwu, S.O1* and Adesope,
O.M2
1. Department of Agricultural
Economics and Extension, Rivers
State
University of Education,
Port Harcourt
2. Department of Agricultural
Economics and Extension,
University
of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
sixtusanyanwu@yahoo.com;
omadesope@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: The study examined resource
productivity among low external input technology smallholder
farmers in Imo
State and their implications for
rural development in Nigeria. Cross-
sectional data generated from 80 LEIT smallholder farmers
randomly selected from 2 out of the 3 agricultural zones in Imo
State were used.
Production function analysis was used in analyzing the data.
Results showed that farm size, labour input, capital
input, planting materials and organic manure are the main
determinants of the gross income of LEIT farmers. The relative
abundance of a significant proportion of these resources in the
rural areas therefore makes their increased use, a veritable
instrument for sustainable rural development. Formation of
cooperative societies among farmers whose lands are contiguous
and utilization of extension agents as channels for credit
delivery to farmers were also recommended. [New York Science Journal 2010;3(11):65-70].
(ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.09
Key words: Low
External Input Technology, Agriculture, Rural Development, Nigeria
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Agricultural trainees’ understanding
of the concept of internal combustion engine in auto mechanics
training
Amadi, N. S1*,
Adesope, O. M2 Omeodu, M. D.1 Agi, C.
3
*Department of Science and
Technical Education,
Rivers State
University of Science
and Technology, Port
Harcourt, Nigeria
**Department of Agricultural Economics
and Extension,
University
of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
***Department of Educational
Foundation,
Rivers State
University of Science
and Technology, Port
Harcourt, Nigeria
ndubisi_amadi@yahoo.com
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to
determine agricultural trainees’ understanding of the
concept of an internal combustion engine in auto mechanics
training. A structured questionnaire was administered to 105
randomly selected trainees in Faculty of Technical and Science
Education, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Data were
analyzed with the use of frequency, percentage and mean. The
findings revealed that all the respondents adequately
identified sparkplug and injector nozzles (100%). It was also
revealed that respondents understood the functionality of the
internal combustion engine parts with average mean of 3.8.
Respondents agree that they know how to remove internal combustion
engine parts with average mean of 3.06. Inspecting internal
combustion engine parts by the respondent recorded average mean
scores of 3.21 which indicated that trainees can inspect the
parts during servicing. It is suggested that trainees focus
more on what they do in order to perfect and understand more in
their training. [New
York Science Journal
2010;3(11):71-77]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.10
Key words: engines, internal
combustion, trainees, understanding
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[New
York Science Journal
2010;3(11):78-85]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). 11
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.11
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Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham: A high valued skin
glowing and curing medicinal herb needs future attention on its
conservation
V P Bhatt1 Vineeta Negi2
and Vijay K Purohit3
1Assistant Professor, Department of Botany,
Govt. P G College Gopeshwar, Chamoli-246 401,
Uttarakhand, India
2District Manager, Uttarakhand Parvatiya Aajeevika
Sanvardhan Company (UPASaC), Gopeshwar,
Chamoli-246 401, Uttarakhand,
India
3Senior Scientific Officer,
High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre,
HNB Garhwal
University
Srinagar (Garhwal)-246 174, Uttarakhand, India
E-mail
address of Authors: vishwapati_bhatt@rediffmail.com,
negivineeta@rediffmai.com,
vijaykantpurohit@rediffmail.com
Abstract: Himalaya is known for its rich biodiversity.
Due to unique geographical setup, topography and undulant
landscape the climatic conditions varied along an altitudinal
gradients which attributes diversified ecological habitat
ranging from tropical forest, grassland to alpine meadows with
vast and diverse natural resources. This article describes a
high valued skin glowing and curing medicinal herb needs future
attention on its conservation. [New York Science Journal
2010;3(11):86-88]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.12
Keywords: Himalaya;
biodiversity
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Home-made
monoclonal antibody –based sandwich ELISA versus
commercial fast dot- ELISA technique in the diagnosis of human
schistosomiasis and fascioliasis
Faten M. Nagy 1; Ibrahim Rabia 2 and Wafaa
M. EL- Kersh3
1Immunolog Departments, Theodor Bilharz Research
Institute (TBRI), Embaba- Giza
2 Parasitology Departments, Theodor Bilharz Research
Institute (TBRI), Embaba- Giza
3 Faculty of Medicine,
Menoufiya University, Egypt.
ibrahimshalash@yahoo.com
Abstract: Two
monoclonal antibodies (12D/10F) and (5F/6H) were prepared at Immunology
Department, TBRI. The first was an IgM monoclonal antibody
prepared against S. mansoni adult worm tegumental
antigen and the second was of IgG subclass prepared against F.
gigantica excretory / secretory products. Both monoclonals
were evaluated by comparing the detection of specific Schistosoma
circulating antigen (SCA) in serum and urine, and Fasciola
circulating antigen in serum (FCA) and coproantigen by using
MAb sandwich ELISA versus commercially available antigen
capture fast dot-ELISA. Studied subjects comprised 42 S.
mansoni infected patients, 35 F. gigantica infected
patients, 30 patients harbouring parasites other than the
parasite of infected group, and 20 healthy controls. The
sensitivity and specificity of SCA assay in serum and urine by
MAb sandwich ELISA was 92.9% and 96% for serum and 90.5% and
94% for urine respectively, compared to 71.4% and 76% for serum
and 76.2% and 64% for urine respectively using fast dot-ELISA
test. Accordingly, the diagnostic accuracy for MAb sandwich ELISA
in both serum and urine was higher 94.6% and 92.4% respectively
compared to 74% and 70% by fast dot-ELISA test. As well, the
sensitivity and specificity of FCA assay in serum and stool by
MAb sandwich ELISA was 97.1% and 96% for serum and 94.3% and
98% for stool respectively compared to 74.3% and 70%
respectively for serum samples only using fast dot-ELISA test.
Accordingly, the diagnostic accuracy by MAb sandwich ELISA was
higher 96.5% and 96.5% for serum and stool respectively
compared to 71.8% for serum only by fast dot-ELISA test. It is
concluded that the home-made monoclonal antibodies prepared at
Immunology Department, TBRI against S. mansoni and F.
gigantica antigens showed high sensitivity and specificity
and accordingly high diagnostic accuracy using sandwich ELISA
compared to available fast dot-ELISA kits. This indicates the
importance of using MAb sandwich ELISA as a confirmatory test
for false negative results in field screening by fast dot-ELISA
test.
[Faten M. Nagy; Ibrahim Rabia and
Wafaa M. EL- Kersh.
Home-made monoclonal antibody –based sandwich ELISA
versus commercial fast dot- ELISA technique in the diagnosis of
human schistosomiasis and fascioliasis. New York
Science Journal 2010;3(11):89-97]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.13
Key words:
schistosomiasis;
fascioliasis; monoclonal antibody; ELISA technique
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Effect of Sowing Date on Yield and Yield Components of
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (l.) walp) in Mubi North Local
Government Area, Adamawa
State, Nigeria.
Kaki Ngodi Futuless , Ibrahim Dauda
Bake and Wasinata Tizhe
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of
Agriculture
Adamawa State
University P.M.B 25
Mubi Adamawa State Nigeria.
E-Mail: futulesskaki@yahoo.com;
GSM: 08034798172
Abstract: This
study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the
Department of Crop Science,
Adamawa State
University,
Mubi during 2009 raining season to evaluate the effect of
sowing date on yield and yield component of cowpea. The trial
consists of 4 sowing date of cowpea viz: (SD1) 25th
July, (SD2) 1st August, (SD3) 8th August
and (SD4) 15th August 2009 respectively. Treatments were laid out in a
randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated four times.
The land was cleared, ploughed, harrowed, leveled and marked in
to blocks and plots with 1m between replication and 0.5 between
plots. Cowpea seeds were sown by dibbling 3 seeds per hole at
70cm x 25cm spacing. Seedlings were later thinned to two plants
per stand two weeks after sowing. The results obtained were
subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means separated
using Duncan’s
Multiple Range Test(DMRT). The parameters measured includes:
plant height (cm) at
flowering, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per
plant, days to 50% flowering, leaf area (cm), number of pods at
harvest, weight of 1000 (g), weight of shelled plants and yield
(tons/ ha). The results obtained revealed that sowing date
significantly (P<0.05) influenced the yield and yield
component of cowpea in Mubi. SD3 recorded the highest yield
of (5.93t/ha) with
SD1 recording the lowest
yield of ( 5.05t/ha) which was significantly different from
other treatments The significance of this study to Agriculture
therefore, is that it is very necessary to know the most
appropriate sowing date before planting cowpea in any
agro-ecological zone of the country for enhanced yields.
[Kaki Ngodi Futuless, Ibrahim Dauda
Bake and Wasinata Tizhe. Effect of Sowing Date on Yield and Yield
Components of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (l.) walp) in Mubi
North Local Government Area,
Adamawa State, Nigeria.
New York
Science Journal 2010;3(11):98-102]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.14
Key Words: Sowing date, cowpea, Yield
components, Mubi,
Nigeria
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Aspects of reproductive biology in
mudskipper, Periophthalmus papilio from mangrove swamps
of Lagos lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria.
LAWSON
Emmanuel
O.
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of
Science, Lagos
State
University, Ojo,
P.O.
Box 001, LASU Post Office,
Lagos, Nigeria.
ollulawson@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The
present study was conducted on aspects of reproductive biology
of mudskipper, Periophthalmus
papilio (Bloch and Schneider 1801) from the mangrove swamps
of Lagos lagoon in Nigeria.
P. papilio is an
economically valued fish species, both as food for the populace
and baits for industrial or offshore fisheries in Nigeria and the entire coast of West African sub-region. 2167 individuels
were caught from the lagoon with non return valve traps between
May 2006 and May 2008. Data on sex, total length (TL), gonad
(GW) body weight (BW) measurements were carried out on
individual specimen. These data were used in the determination
of sex ratio, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and maturation in this
species. The sex ratio of 1 male to 1.42 females was observed
but was not significantly different (X2=57.04>X21,
0.05=3.84) but a departure from the theoretical
1male:1female sex ratio. Females population were more than the males. The GSI
values varied from 0.01 to 0.48% in males and between 0.11 and
8.40% in females. 0.104±0.004 (in males) and 2.69±0.03% (in
females) of the body mass were used in gonad development. The
eggs were as small as 0.20mm and as big as 0.50 mm (mean =
0.36±0.01 mm) in diameter for average fish of 116 mm TL.. Seven
(7) stages of maturity: immature, immature and developing,
ripening, ripe, ripe running, spent, and resting/representing
the pre-, spawning and post spawning period were encountered in
this study. The fish were identified as male at 70 mmTL and as
females at 60mm but riped at 90mm TL. The maturity of females
was earlier than the males. The maturity stages obtained from
the present study were in conformity with those reported in
other teleosts though with modifications. Therefore, the sex
ratios, egg diameters, gonadosomatic index and maturation of
the species in Lagos
lagoon were investigated to provide baseline data for future
ecological and biological studies of this species and other
species within the Nigerian mangrove swamps, estauaries and
coastal waters.
[LAWSON
Emmanuel O. Aspects
of reproductive biology in mudskipper, Periophthalmus
papilio from mangrove swamps of Lagos
lagoon, Lagos,
Nigeria.
New York
Science Journal 2010;3(11):103-110]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.15
Key words: atretic,
fecundity, gonadosomatic index, oocyte, spermatocyte
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Non-Timber Forest
Products (Ntfp’s) Uesd By Tharu Tribe Of Kanchanpur District Of Far-Western
Nepal
Nabin Raj Joshi1 and Vishal
Singh2
1 Department
of Forestry and Environmental Science, Kumaun
University Nainital,
Uttarakahnd 263002, (India)
2 Centre for Ecology Development and
Research, 41/I, Vasant Vihar, Dehradun, 248006, Uttarakahnd (India).
Email:
nabin2001@gmail.com
Abstract: The
study documents plant species used as Non-Timber Forest
Products (NTFPs) and traditional knowledge on the utilization
of these plant resources by Tharu tribes of in and around the
Tharu tribal communities in Kanchanpur district of Nepal. The
study was exploratory and participatory in nature. A total of
114 plant species belonging to 54 families have been identified
from the Tharu community areas. Most of them have medicinal
properties in their bark, root and fruits. A large number of
these identified plant species are used for gastro-intestinal
problems, rheumatisms, chest infection and fever and typhoid.
Medicine from these plant parts is prepared in the form of
juice, paste and powder usually prepared by elder female in the
family. Elderly persons and traditional healers of the areas
pose vast knowledge on ethno medicinal practices along with
various rituals in comparison of the young generation. The
knowledge transformation system is quite restricted within the
family. It is not only essential to conserve such a wealth of
information hidden among the local people but also to apply
them to modern knowledge of science and technology to meet the
ever increasing requirement of mankind. Beside this certain
NTFP species like Piper longum, Acorus calamus,
Pterocapus marsipium, Terminalia chebula Terminalia bellirica,
Aegle marmelos, Solanum virginium and Rauvolfia serpentine etc. are under threat of being
extinct due to growing human
pressure as well as habitat degradation impacted by
anthropogenic activities, recent trend of climate change.
[Nabin Raj Joshi and Vishal Singh. Non-Timber
Forest Products
(Ntfp’s) Uesd By Tharu Tribe Of Kanchanpur District Of
Far-Western Nepal. New
York Science Journal
2010;3(11):111-119]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.16
Keywords: Non-timber forest products, documents,
Tribe, Tharu, Traditional Knowledge, Kanchanpur, District, Nepal
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Assessment of Genetic Variations in
Some Vigna Species by RAPD and ISSR Analysis
Elham A. A. Abd El-Hady*1, Atef A. A. Haiba1;
Nagwa R. Abd El-Hamid1; Abd El-Rahman M.F. Al-Ansary1
and Ahmed Y. Mohamed2.
1Department
of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Center, Dokki,
Giza, Egypt
2 Department of Botany,
Al- Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt.
* elhamabdelhady@hotmail.com
Abstract: Genetic variations of seven Vigna
species were evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA
(RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers.
Amplification of genomic DNA of the seven genotypes by RAPD
analysis, five primers generated 64 fragments, of which 31 were
polymorphic with an average of 12.8 bands/ primer. The
amplified products varied in size from 2556 to 255 bp. Eleven selected ISSR primers
produced 128 bands across seven genotypes of which 89 were
polymorphic with an average of 11.64 / primer. The size of
amplified bands ranged from 2838 to 264 bp. Similarity index
values ranged from 0.913 to 0.120 (RAPD) 0.822 to 0.118 (ISSR)
and 0.899 to 0.115 (RAPD and ISSR). The results indicated that
both of the marker systems RAPD and ISSR, individually or
combined can be effectively used in determination of genetic
relationship among Vigna species. It could be concluded that,
the information of genetic similarities and diversity among Vigna
genotypes are necessary for breeding programs.
[Elham A. A. Abd El-Hady, Atef A. A. Haiba; Nagwa R. Abd
El-Hamid; Abd El-Rahman M.F. Al-Ansary and Ahmed Y. Mohamed.
Assessment of Genetic Variations in Some Vigna Species
by RAPD and ISSR Analysis.
New York Science Journal
2010;3(11):120-128]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.17
Keywords:
Genetic Diversity, Vigna, RAPD, ISSR
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The
Qualitative Uses Of Some Medicinal Plants In Ikeduru L.G.A Of Imo State, Nigeria
Nwachukwu
C. U., Ph.D1, Ume
N. C.Ph.D2, Obasi M. N. Ph.D2 , Nzewuihe G.
U1 and Onyirioha
C. U. Ph.D3
Dept.
of Biology, Alvan
Ikoku
Federal College
of Education, Owerri, Imo State1
Dept.
of Geography, Alvan
Ikoku
Federal College
of Education, Owerri, Imo State2
National
Open University, Owerri Study Centre, Imo State3
ABSTRACT: The
study examined twenty plants of medicinal value in Ikeduru
Local Government Area of Imo State. The study was carried out
through fieldwork, specimen collection, preservation and
botanical identification of plant specimens by a curator.
Information on the constituents, use and preparation of the
plants was got from oral interview of some traditional herbal
practitioners as well as from literature on herbal practice.
Preparations and subsequent tests show that these plant species
contained alkaloid, fixed oil, essential oil, calcium,
phosphate ion, tannins, quinine, resins among others. It was
also discovered that these plants in combination were used in
the treatment of ailments such as diabetes, malaria, high blood
pressure, Asthma, Arthritis, Epilepsy, convulsion, pile,
diarrhoea etc. Since these plants are of medicinal value and
used to treat various ailments it becomes imperative to
conserve them. To this end, the conservation of plant species
of medicinal importance should be pursued vigorously by both
government and individuals through establishment of park,
botanical gardens and horticultural centers in order to safe
guard them from indiscriminate use, over exploitation and
destruction.
[Nwachukwu C. U., Ume N. C., Obasi M. N., Nzewuihe G. U and
Onyirioha C. U. Qualitative Uses Of Some
Medicinal Plants In Ikeduru L.G.A Of
Imo State, Nigeria.
New York Science Journal
2010;3(11):129-134]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.18
Key Words: Medicinal
Plants, Arthritis, tannins, Ikeduru, curator
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Antibiotic residue in eggs of laying
hens following injection with gentamicin
Alm El Dein A.K 1. and
Elhearon E.R.2
1Animal Production Research Institute,
Agriculture Research
Center, Dokki, Egypt.
2Department of Animal and Poultry Science,
University of
Guelph,
Guelph,
Ontario, Canada,
N1G 2W1, 1 alaa_kamal2002@hotmail.com
Abstract:
1)
Thirty
two hens were assigned to four equal groups (n = 8) and injected
intramuscularly or subcutaneous with either 2 or 4 mg/kg
gentamicin for 3 successive days.
2)
The
transfer of gentamicin into eggs was determined separately from
albumen, yolk and whole egg daily during dosing and withdrawal
periods by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
3)
Drug
excretion was usually over a long period and with a high dose
in the yolk compared to the albumen due to the incorporation
and storage of drug in preovulatory yolks during the dosing
period.
4)
Residues
in the whole eggs were detected after the last injection for 12
and 15 days when hens injected with 2 and 4 mg/kg gentamicin
for 3 successive days respectively.
5)
The
concentrations of drug residues were closed to the limit of the
assay's sensitivity (0.01µg/g).
[Alm El Dein A.K. and Elhearon E.R. Antibiotic residue in
eggs of laying hens following injection with gentamicin.
New York
Science Journal 2010;3(11):135-1140]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.19
Key words: Antibiotic residue – gentamicin
– yolk – albumen – whole egg
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Gas Chromatography – Mass
Spectroscopic analysis of Lawsonia inermis Leaves
1Hema R., 1S.
Kumaravel, 2S. Gomathi and 3C.
Sivasubramaniam
1Food Testing Laboratory, Indian Institute of Crop Processing
Technology, Thanjavur
2Dept. of Biochemistry, KSR
College of Arts
and Science, Tiruchengode
3Dept. of Environmental and Herbal Sciences, Tamil
University, Thanjavur
e-mail: hema.scientist@gmail.com
Abstract:
Due to uniqueness of Lawsonia inermis
leaf property in curing different ailments this part was
selected for the study. Hence the present investigation was
carried out to determine the possible chemical components from Lawsonia inermis
leaves by GC-MS. This analysis revealed that Lawsonia inermis leaves
contain mainly á-D-Glucopyranoside,
methyl (51.73%) and 1,4-Naphthalenedione, 2-hydroxy-
[Synonyms: Henna] (19.19%), which were used in curing skin
ailments caused due to Environmental Pollution of Air and
Water.
[Hema R., S.
Kumaravel, S. Gomathi and C. Sivasubramaniam. Gas
Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopic analysis of Lawsonia
inermis Leaves. New
York Science Journal
2010;3(11):141-143]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). (http://www.sciencepub.net).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.20
Keywords: Lawsonia
inermis, GC-MS
analysis, 1,4-Naphthalenedione, 2-hydroxy- (Henna), Skin
ailments caused due to Environmental Pollution of Air and Water
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Credit Use
and Technical Change in Smallholder Food Crop Production in
Imo State
of Nigeria
Nwaru1, J. C. and R. E.
Onuoha2
1. Department
of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of
Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267 Umuahia,
Abia State, Nigeria E-mail: nwaruj@yahoo.com
2. Department of Agriculture,
Alvan Ikoku
Federal
College of Education, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
E-mail: roserery@yahoo.com
Abstract: Harnessing the potentials of credit to stabilize and
perhaps increase resource productivity and output growth in
agriculture is particularly justified when farmers face very
low savings capacity, poorly developed rural financial markets
and availability of appropriate farm technologies whose
adoption is constrained by shortage of funds. These conditions
hold in Nigerian agriculture. Given the high level of poverty
among farmers and other rural entrepreneurs, credit use has
become a very important tool for enhancing technical progress
and production. Therefore, this study was designed to assess
the impact of credit use on the technical efficiency of
smallholder food crop farmers in Imo
State of Nigeria.
Primary data from a simple random sample of 187 food crop
farmers, consisting of 75 farmers producing with credit and 112
others producing without credit were used for the study. Data
analysis was by the estimation of stochastic frontier
production functions by the methods of maximum likelihood and
ordinary least squares using the computer program, FRONTIER
4.1. The estimated farm level technical efficiency ranges from
0.2173 to 0.9014 with a mean of 0.5492 for the farmers
producing without credit and 0.2009 to 0.9216 with a mean of
0.4462 for those producing with credit.. Factors directly
related to technical efficiency are education, age, and farming
experience while household size is indirectly related to it. It
was concluded that none of the farmer groups achieved absolute
technical efficiency, indicating that ample opportunities
exists for them to increase their production efficiency.
Moreover, the mean technical efficiency of the farmers
producing without credit was significantly higher than that of
the farmers producing with credit indicating that credit may
not have been used properly. Economic policies and programmes
for checking loan diversion and misapplication are necessary to
enhance credit delivery and use.
[Nwaru, J. C.; Onuoha, R. E.; S. I.
Onwukwalu. Credit Use
and Technical Change in Smallholder Food Crop Production in
Imo State
of Nigeria. New
York Science Journal
2010;3(11):144-151]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). (http://www.sciencepub.net).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.21
Keywords: Credit,
technical efficiency, food crop production, Nigeria
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Genetical
Analysis of some Quantitative Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum
aestivum L).
Khattab
S.A.M., R. M. Esmail and Abd EL-Rahman M.F. AL-Ansary*
Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research
Centre, Dokki, Cairo,
Egypt
*dr.aalansary@gmail.com
Abstract: Means of the six populations (P1, P2, F1,
F2, BC1 and BC2) of the three wheat crosses; (1) Golan x
Mexiback; (2) Sakha 202 x Wa 4767 and (3) Mexiback x Sakha 202
were used to estimate genetic parameters. Results
revealed that epistatic
gene effect cannot be ignored when establish a new breeding
program to improve wheat populations for economic traits. The
inheritance of all traits studied was controlled by additive
and non-additive genetic effects, with greater values of
dominance gene effect than the additive one in most cases.
Heterosis relative to mid-parent and better parent was found to
be significantly positive for grain weight /spike, no of grains
/spike, grain yield / plant, biological yield and harvest index
in the three crosses under study. The coincidence of sign and
magnitude of heterosis and inbreeding depression was detected
for most traits in the three crosses. The average degree of
dominance as indicated by √(H/D) revealed existence of
over-dominance towards the better parent for all traits except
No. of spikes/plant in cross III. Narrow
heritability sense estimates were generally found to be
moderate in magnitudes in all cases. The highest estimates of narrow sense
heritability associated with highest genetic advance for no of
spikes / plant in the three crosses, grain weight/spike in
crosses I and III indicated sufficient improvement of their
traits variability.
[Khattab
S.A.M., R. M. Esmail and Abd EL-Rahman M.F. AL-Ansary. Genetical Analysis of some
Quantitative Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L).
New York Science Journal
2010;3(11):152-157]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). (http://www.sciencepub.net).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.22
Keywords: Bread
wheat, Triticum aestivum L, generation mean analysis, gene effects, heterosis,
heritability, genetic advance
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Studies on the
Effect of Selenium
and Organic residues on Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L. ) Plants
Azza, A.M.
Mazher1*, Sahar, M. Zaghloul2
and Yassen, A. A
1Ornamental plants and woody trees Dept.2Plant
nutrition Dept National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
*azza856@yahoo.com
Abstract: A
field experiment was carried out at El –Kassasin region Ismailia Governorate
over two growing seasons (2007-2008 and 2008-2009) to study the
effect of foliar spray of Selenium at the rates of (0, 4,6and8 ppm) and organic material (sheep manure) at
three rates (0,10and 20m3 per feddan) on the
morphological growth, essential oil and some chemical composition of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L. ) plants .Results pointed out that using different
rates of organic residue or selenium increased fresh and dry
weight of herbs and inflorescences compared with the control treatment in
both seasons. Also,all treatments tended to increase
essential oil , nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and
uptake as compared with the control treatments. The
highest value in N, P and K content and uptake was noticed when
applied selenium at a rate of 30g with organic residue.Thus,the
applications may be recommended for increasing the
growth,essential oil and chemical constituents of chamomile (Matricaria
chamomilla) plant.
[Azza, A.M. Mazher,
Sahar, M. Zaghloul and Yassen, A. A. Studies on the Effect of Selenium and Organic residues
on Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L.) Plants.
New York Science Journal
2010;3(11):158-164]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). (http://www.sciencepub.net).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.23
Key words:
Medicinal plant –
heavy metal - sheep manure
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Karyotype analysis for date palm (Phoenix
dactylifera L) compared with tissue culture derived plants
Mohamed M. AbdAlla¹ and Aesha M. Abd El-Kawy²
¹Desert
Research Center,
Genetic Resources Department, Tissue Culture Lab.
²Botany Department. Faculty of
Science, Al-Azhar
University (for girls) Egypt.
Email: el_awadi@yahoo.com
Abstract: The cytological studies on
the micropropagated date palm (phoenix dactylifera var.
Karama) revealed that no morphological changes occurred during
microproopagation and there were 36 chromosomes arranged in 18
bivalents of chromosomes in c-meta phase profile, seventeen bivalents
are autosomal chromosomes and XY bivalent in male or XX in
female. Chromosome No.2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were meta centric,
chromosomes No. 1,7,8,9 and 10 were submetacentric and
chromosomes from No.11 to No17 were subtelocentric. While X
chromosome was submetacentric and Y chromosome was
subtelocentric. There were no significant differences in the
chromosome length, area and centromer positions between the
micropropagated plantlets and the mother plants.
[Mohamed M. AbdAlla¹ and Aesha M. Abd
El-Kawy. Karyotype
analysis for date palm (Phoenix
dactylifera L) compared with tissue culture derived plants. New
York Science Journal
2010;3(11):165-170]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
http://www.sciencepub.net
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.24
Keywords: date
palm , cytology, karyotype, tissue culture
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Neurotoxic effects of organic solvents in exposed
workers: Altered expression of some biochemical markers
Noha M Hegazy1, Nadia B.
Abdel Gawad1, Fateheya M. Metwally1, Hanaa
H. Ahmed3, Ehab R. Abdel Raouf2, Khadiga
S Abrahim1, Nevin E. Sharaf1
1 Department of Environmental and Occupational medicine,
NRC
2 Department of Research on Children
with Special Needs.
3
Department
of Hormones,NRC
Abstract: Background: Organic solvents (OG) are volatile
and lipophilic compounds, having great affinity to neuronal tissue
that may lead to various neurological findings. Long-term
occupational exposure to organic solvents may affect the levels
and turnover of neurotransmitters in man. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),
has been crucially implicated in many cognitive
functioning. Serum B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) are responsible for
programmed cell death or apoptosis, which is considered to be
an important phenomenon that is related to neuron vulnerability
to a variety of toxic effects, and it is the fundamental
process responsible for the clinical manifestations of many
different neurological disorders processes. There is an association between exposure to
solvents and damage of the brain, in which oxidative stress is
a possible mechanism for that damage influenced by serum total
antioxidant capacity (TAC) & Malondialdehyde level (MDA). Materials
and Methods: forty-four workers exposed to organic solvents
and 45 unexposed, were examined in order to assess possible
neurotoxic signs and symptoms related to solvent exposure. In
addition, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), was used for
quantitative assessment of cognitive impairment, and the Brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Total
antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde level (MDA)
were done to all subjects. Results: Our
results showed that, the mean scores of MMSE were significantly lower among
the solvent exposed group and this score was considered a mild cognitive
impairment. In addition to, stocke and glove hypothesia indicative
of peripheral neuropathy (PNN) in 47.7 % of the exposed, versus 11.11% in the control group. The
BDNF, Bcl-2, were significantly decreased, while the TAC was
not significantly decreased and the MDA was significantly
increased. So the
previously mentioned markers could be used in assessment of central and
peripheral nervous system dysfunction induced by occupational
exposure to organic solvents.
[Noha M
Hegazy, Nadia B. Abdel Gawad, Fateheya M. Metwally, Hanaa H.
Ahmed, Ehab R. Abdel Raouf, Khadiga S Abrahim, Nevin E. Sharaf. Neurotoxic effects of organic solvents in exposed
workers: Altered expression of some biochemical markers. New York Science Journal
2010;3(11):171-176]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). (http://www.sciencepub.net).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.25
Keywords: Occupational
exposure, solvents, biomarkers, BDNF, Bcl-2, TAC, MDA, MMSE,
cognitive impairment, PNN
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Saccharomyces cereviciae ameliorates oxidative stress,
genotoxicity and spermatotoxic effects induced by Ochratoxin A
in male Albino Mice
Abdel-Aziz, K.B.a;
Farag, I.M.a; Tawfek, N.S.b; Nada, S.A.c;
Amra, H.A.d and Darwish, H.R.a
a Cell Biology Dept.,
National Research Centre, , Cairo
Egypt.;
b Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Al-Mania
Uni., Egypt.;
c Pharmacology Dept.;
National Research Centre
d Food Toxicology and
Contaminants Dept.,
National Research Centre
Abstract: The present study was undertaken
to assess the possible protective effect of Saccharomyces
cereviciae (Sc) against Ochratoxin-induced toxicity in
mice. Four groups of 30 mice each were used: control group,
Sc-treated mice (4 × 108 CFU) group, OTA-treated
mice (1.8 mg/kg b.w.) group and a group of mice given Sc two
hours before OTA gavage. After 24 hr. of last gavage, the
percentage of weight changes were measured; the levels of
malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide
dismutase (SOD) activity were measured, as markers of oxidative
status, in homogenates of liver and kidney. Cytogenetic analysis
of bone marrow cells evaluating micronucleated polychromatic
erythrocytes (MNPCEs) rate and chromosomal aberrations in
metaphase I and II (MI & MII) in spermatocytes, besides mitotic
and meiotic activities were recorded. Also, sperm parameters
(count, motility and morphology) were evaluated. Results showed
that ochratoxin A significantly decreased the body weight. The
levels of MDA and non-enzymatic antioxidant (GSH) as well as enzymatic
antioxidant, (SOD) were significantly decreased in both liver
and kidney of OTA-treated mice in comparison with control. OTA
increased the frequencies of MNPCEs in bone marrow and
structural and numerical chromosome aberrations in
spermatocytes. Also, OTA caused a significant reduction in
cauda epididymal sperm count and sperm motility, and increased
sperm abnormalities, as compared to control. In mice received
Sc before OTA gavage, a
significant amelioration in lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver
and kidney along with increasing in GSH contents and activities
of SOD were recorded, compared to OTA group, consequently
enhancing growth performance. Cytogenetic analyses revealed
that Sc administration reduced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity
induced by OTA. Sc plus OTA treatment caused a significant
recovery in sperm parameters and improved morphologic features
of sperm. In conclusion, Saccharomyces cereviciae was
found to be safe and successful agent in counteracting the
oxidative stress and protecting against genotoxicity and
cytotoxicity, as well as ameliorates spermatotoxic effects induced by OTA in male
Albino Mice.
[Abdel-Aziz, K.B.;
Farag, I.M.; Tawfek, N.S.; Nada, S.A.; Amra, H.A. and Darwish,
H.R. Saccharomyces cereviciae ameliorates oxidative
stress, genotoxicity and spermatotoxic effects induced by
Ochratoxin A in male Albino Mice. New
York Science Journal 2010;3(11):177-190].
(ISSN: 1554-0200). (http://www.sciencepub.net).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.26
Keywords: ochratoxin
A, Saccharomyces, oxidative stress, micronucleus,
spermatocytes, sperm
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Antimicrobial Activity of Some of the Indian
Spices Against Food Borne Pathogens
1Hema R., S. 1Kumaravel, 2C.
Sivasubramanian
1Indian Institute
of Crop Processing
Technology, Thanjavur, TamilNadu,
India
2Tamil University,
Thanjavur, Thanjavur, TamilNadu,
India
e-mail: hema.scientist@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial activity of 25, 50, 75
& 100 % alcohol extract of Cinnamomum verum and Syzygium aromaticum has
been evaluated against bacterial
strains of Pseudomonas
lundensis, Bacillus cereus, and fungal
strains of Aspergillus flavus,
Aspergillus niger. Extracts from both Cinnamomum verum and Syzygium
aromaticum, showed excellent antimicrobial activity against
all the test organisms. In 25
and 50% concentration, Cinnamomum
verum showed the highest of 19 mm and 16 mm antibacterial
zone against Bacillus
cereus and Pseudomonas lundensis respectively. In 75 and 100 %
concentration, Syzygium aromaticum showed the highest of
15 mm and 21 mm of antimicrobial zone against Aspergillus niger
and Bacillus cereus
respectively. Among all the results obtained, the maximum
antimicrobial zone formation with minimal concentration was
recorded with 100 % extract of Syzygium aromaticum
against Bacillus cereus
with 21 mm of antibacterial zone and with 100 % extract of Syzygium
aromaticum, with 18 mm of antifungal zone against Aspergillus niger.
It was concluded that the herbals Cinnamomum verum and Syzygium aromaticum has resistivity against
food borne pathogens.
[Hema R., S. Kumaravel, C.
Sivasubramanian.
Antimicrobial Activity of Some of the Indian Spices Against
Food Borne Pathogens.
New York
Science Journal 2010;3(11):191-193]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). (http://www.sciencepub.net).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.27
Keywords:
Antimicrobial activity, Pseudomonas
lundensis, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus niger
and Aspergillus
flavus
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27
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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates
from non-clinical urine samples.
*Chikwendu, C. I., Amadi, E.S. and
Obi, R. K.
Department of Microbiology, School of
Science, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526 Owerri
Imo State, Nigeria. E-mail: chinwechikwendu@yahoo.com
Abstract: A
total of 120 urine samples from apparently healthy students
were analysed for the prevalence
of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and Klebsiella
pneumoniae. The activity of 13 antimicrobials was also
studied to determine antimicrobial resistance rates and
multiple resistances amongst the isolates. Antimicrobial
resistance test was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer technique.
The P. aeruginosa isolates exhibited
high resistance to streptomycin, sparfloxacine and
ciprofloxacine (39-74%), and moderate resistance to ofloxacine,
gentamicin and perfloxacine (19-35%). The K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited moderate
resistance to augumentin, co-trimoxazole and amoxicillin
(22-29%). P. aeruginosa
was more prevalent (80%) in the samples than K. pneumoniae (55%). The
isolates also occurred more with the female students than the
males. Resistances to the antimicrobials for both isolates were
equally higher in the females than in the males. The results probably
infers a great measure of abuse (overuse or mis - use) of
antimicrobials among the student population, considering the
fact that the urine samples were obtained from students who
were neither on admission in the hospitals nor out patients for
urinary tract infections.
[Chikwendu, C. I., Amadi, E.S. and Obi,
R. K. Prevalence and
antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Klebsiella
pneumoniae isolates from non-clinical urine samples. New
York Science Journal 2010;3(11):194-200].
(ISSN: 1554-0200). (http://www.sciencepub.net).
doi:10.7537/marsnys031110.28
Key words: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistant, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
non-clinical, urine samples
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28
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