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New York Science Journal
Volume 3 - Number
7 (Cumulated No. 17); ISSN 1554-0200, July 1, 2010
Cover (online),
Cover (print), Introduction,
Contents, Call for
Papers, All papers in one file
Welcome to send your manuscript(s) to: newyorksci@scienpub.net
CONTENTS
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No.
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Titles / Authors
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1
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Influence of Diluted Sea Water and
Foliar Fertilizer on Hydrophysical Properties of a Clayey Soil
in Relation to Growth, Yield and Mineral Status of Millet.
Hussein, M.M.* ; Shaaban, S.M.*
and Soad M..El-Ashry**
Water Relations and Field Irrigation Dept.*
Soils and Water Use Dept**
National Research Centre, Dokki,
Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted in the
greenhouse of the National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
to study the effect of irrigation millet plants by diluted sea
water and spraying foliar fertilizer (Groue more 16-6-8) on
soil physical properties, growth and mineral status. The
experiment included 14 treatments: a) soil irrigated by fresh
water with and without spraying by foliar fertilizer, b) soil
irrigated with 3 levels of diluted sea water 2000, 4000, and
6000 ppm with and without foliar fertilizer and c) soil
irrigated with 3 levels of diluted sea water 2000, 4000, and
6000 ppm followed by alternating fresh water with and without
foliar fertilizer. The obtained results showed that Plant
height, number and surface area of leaves, stem diameter and
fresh and dry weight of plant were decreased by soil salinity
compared to that irrigated by fresh water. The depressions were
increased with the increment of salts concentration. Spraying
foliar fertilizer slightly affected the measured growth
criteria of millet plants. The results also indicated that
values of soil bulk density were increased by 0.27, 0.65 and
2.15% while that concerning with penetration resistance were
increased by 24.0, 27.24 and 32.89 % for 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm
under alternated with fresh water respectively. The
relationship between hydraulic conductivity (HC) and sodium
adsorption ratio (SAR) showed a general decrease in the values
of HC with the increase in SAR. The coefficient of
determination, R2 was 0.991** when saline water
alternated with fresh water was used while it was 0.742* under
using saline water continuously. On the other hand, increasing
soil salinity as a result of using saline water decreased
available water of the soil and led also to lowering the uptake
of N, P, K, against increasing in Na, Ca and Mg uptake. It is
clear that the treatments of alternating diluted sea water with
fresh water were better than that used saline water
continuously. [New York Science Journal 2010;3(7):1-7]. (ISSN:
1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.01
Key words:
Millet, salinity, hydraulic conductivity, sodium adsorption
ratio
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2
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Soil Properties as Affected by Different
Land Management Practices in the Sohag Region, South Egypt
M.S. Ibrahim*, M. H. M. Ali** & M.M.
Kotb***
* Soils & Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag
University, Egypt
** Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Sohag University,
Egypt
*** Soils & Water Use Department,
National Research Centre, Cairo Egypt
E.mail: kotbmostafa2003@yahoo.com
Abstract: In Egypt, there is a growing need for information
relating to soil condition, its current status, and the nature
and direction of change in response to management pressures.
This information are required by land managers, and regional,
state and national agencies to inform modified management and
land-use practices and investment to maintain and improve the
soil resource. The aim of the present investigation was to
monitor the changes of some important soil properties caused by
different management practices and using Geochemical Maps and
Box Whisker Graph to demonstrate the results. Four soil types
were selected to carry out this study, which are namely;
cultivated floodplain soils, newly reclaimed soil, wastewater
disposal soils and uncultivated Wadi disposal desert soil. The
obtained results show that the reclamation practices lead to
increase the silt and clay contents in the reclaimed soils
specially in the surface layers, but did not change appreciably
by the wastewater disposal practice. The CaCO3
content increases away from the Nile stream toward the desert
areas on both the eastern and western sides. The CaCO3
content in the sites subjected to wastewater disposal is
negatively affected by such practice particularly in the
surface layers. The pH values of wastewater disposal soils in
El-Dair sites are greatly decreased by two to three units and
consequently can affect the forms and availability of nutrients
and biological activity. The high levels of OM were reported in
the newly reclaimed sites situated very close to the lands
applied for wastewater disposal. Levels of OM in the
topsoil layers of the wastewater farmlands at El-Dair range
between 0.5 and 23.1%, whereas those of the subsoil layers vary
between 0.03 and 1.02%. The surface layer of the reclaimed
lands have relatively higher EC values than the surface layers
of the cultivated lands have. The cultivated floodplain soils
are non-sodic soils where the ESP values are less than 15. The
exchangeable Na+, in median values, of the reclaimed lands is
more than those of the cultivated soils by about three times.
Moreover, about 47% of the uncultivated Wadi disposal desert
soil sites have ESP values of more than 15 and Ca++
is the dominant exchangeable cation. The exchangeable cations
maintain a descending complex as follows: Ca2+>
Na+> Mg2+> K+. The
application of wastewater in both sites at El-Kola and El-Dair
doesn't induce an increase in the sodicity of soils. The CEC
values of the flood plain soils vary between 35 and 80 meq/100g
and more than ones of the NRL soils which are 11 - 58 meq/100g.
In the NRL about 53% of the soil samples have CEC values less
than 10 meq/100g, whereas in the lands undergo the application
of wastewater disposal,
The CEC values vary between 8 and 95 meq/100g. [New York
Science Journal 2010;3(7):8-19]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.02
Key words: land management, low quality water,
soil properties, Sohag,
Egypt.
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3
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Protease Production by Bacillus subtilis
Immobilized on Different Matrices
Rakesh Kumar*, Ritika Vats
Biotechnology Department
Dolphin PG College of Life
Sciences, Chunni-Kalan-140307, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, INDIA
rakesh_panchal1@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: Protease production by Bacillus subtilis with
free and immobilized cells was examined in this study.
Entrapment method of immobilization was used with gelatin,
polyacrylamide, calcium alginate and agar matrices and protease
production was studied compared to equivalent weight of free
cells. Results showed that the gelatin entrapped cells produce
10.8 U/ml; the maximum enzyme titer followed by polyacrylamide,
9.22 U/ml; calcium alginate, 7.8 U/ml and agar, 6.48 U/ml.
Equivalent free cells produce 5.7 U/ml protease enzyme. The
cell leakage by gelatin was less, 0.06 mg/ml; by
polyacrylamide, 0.22 mg/ml; calcium alginate, 0.32 mg/ml and
the maximum, 0.74 mg/ml by agar. On repeated batch culturing it
was observed that the gelatin entrapped cells can be reused for
7 cycles, followed by polyacrylamide, 6 cycles; calcium
alginate, 5 cycles and agar for 3 cycles. The overall protease
production by gelatin entrapped cells was 45.36 U/ml. The study
suggests the gelatin, a better matrix than others for protease
production by Bacillus
subtilis. [New York Science Journal 2010;3(7):20-24].
(ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.03
Key words: Protease, Bacillus subtilis, Immobilization, Cell leakage,
Matrices
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4
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Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Industrial and
Agricultural Effluent on Ona Stream in Ibadan, Nigeria
Kola Ogedengbe1 and Christopher. O. Akinbile2*
1Department of Agricultural & Environmental
Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan,
Nigeria. kolaogedengbe@yahoo.com
2Department of Agricultural
Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704,
Akure, Nigeria. coakinbile@futa.edu.ng,
cakinbile@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
comparative assessment of industrial and agricultural effluents
on surface water qualities of Ona Stream at Oluyole industrial
Estate was carried out. This was to identify major pollutants,
their effects on water qualities and to ascertain the potential
of using the polluted surface water for irrigation purposes.
Some parameters which gave evidence of pollution due to
industrial effluent discharge were Temperature 28-320C,
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of 3.0 – 5.5 mg O2/l,
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of 64-255 mg O2/l,
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of 26-70 mg/l. Others were Total Suspended
Solids (TSS) 28-36 mg/l, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS),
1285-2090mg/l, Oil and grease 6.8-3.4 mg/l. The parameters from
agricultural effluents were Temperature 28-300C, DO,
1.62-5.10mg O2/l, BOD, 26-480 mg/l, COD, 64-1750 mg
O2/l, TDS, 1285-2250 mg/l and TSS, 28-53 mg/l. All
these values are above the Federal Environmental Protection
Agency (FEPA) maximum allowable limit for effluent discharge
into surface water. The statistical analyses carried out showed
significant differences in all the physiochemical and heavy
metal parameters analyzed at 5% significance level. Usage of Ona
stream for irrigation purposes was not encouraged due to the
health hazards it poses for both the crops and crops consumers.
The presence of faecal coliform contamination, physiochemical
and heavy metal pollution in large quantities confirmed this.
Development of clean water technology for water pollution
control, mathematical models for predicting pollution levels
and application of appropriate polices to compel industries to
treat effluent before discharging into the stream are some of
the recommended solutions. [New York Science Journal
2010;3(7):25-33]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.04
Keywords:
Effluents, Agriculture, Pollutants, Ona Stream, Ibadan
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5
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Comparison between Different
Immunological Techniques for Detection of Circulating Fasciola
Antigen in sheep.
Ibrahim Rabia1; Hoda Sabry1
and Faten Nagy 2
1Parasitology 2Immunology
Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute
Abstract: The detection of Fasciola antigen in serum
or stool could be more valuable in diagnosis, hence early
treatment before irreparable damage. In this study, fresh adult
Fasciola gigantica worms were collected, then incubation
in culture medium and collected medium was used to extract
crude excretory-secretory (E/S) antigen. E/S was used to
immunize rabbits to raise specific antibodies against Fasciola
spp. Purified antibodies are further used as primary
capture to coat ELISA plates. The secondary capture of
antibodies was by conjugation with horse reddish peroxidase. Sandwich
ELISA and DOT-ELISA were performed to detect Fasciola
antigens in both serum and stool samples collected from a total
of 152 sheep. After slaughtering, gross inspection of liver and
parasitological stool examination, sheep were divided into Fasciola
positive group (97 sheep), other helminthic infection group (30
sheep) and healthy control group (30 sheep). Fasciola
antigen detected in serum of sheep by ELISA showed 94.8 %
sensitivity and 95 % specificity. Copro-antigen detected by
ELISA showed 96.9% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity. The
sensitivity and specificity of coproantigen by ELISA in stool
sample were higher than that recorded by Sandwich ELISA for
serum. Dot ELISA sensitivity was found to be 98.9% and
specificity 98.3%. In conclusion the Dot ELISA gives better
sensitivity and specificity than sandwich ELISA for serum and
coproantigen in stool by ELISA. [New York Science Journal 2010;3(7):34-39]. (ISSN:
1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.05
Key
Words: -
Sandwich ELISA – Dot-ELISA – Fascioliasis -
Coproantigen
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6
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Mechanical Properties of Paddy Grains
under Quasi-Static Compressive Loading
Hemad Zareiforoush1*,
Mohammad Hasan Komarizadeh1 and Mohammad Reza
Alizadeh2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural
Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia, P.O. Box 165,
Urmia 57135, Iran
2Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), P.O. Box 1658, Rasht 41235,
Iran
hemad.zareiforoush@yahoo.com
Abstract: Knowledge
of the mechanical properties of paddy grains is important in
the analysis and prediction of their cracking and/or breaking
behavior during handling and processing. In the current study,
fracture resistance of paddy grains was measured in terms of
average grain rupture force and energy absorbed under
quasi-static compressive loading condition. Two paddy
varieties, Alikazemi and Hashemi, were quasi-statically loaded
in horizontal and vertical orientations at two loading rates of
5 and 10 mm/min. In this research 8 treatments were performed
as randomized complete block design with 10 replications for
each treatment. In the case of Alikazemi variety, as the
loading rate increased from 5 to 10 mm/min, the force required
for initiating the grains rupture decreased from 125.69 to
117.38 N and 33.51 to 29.94 N, and the energy absorbed at the
grains rupture decreased from 42.70 to 36.80 mJ and 30.85 to
24.59 mJ, respectively, at horizontal and vertical orientations.
For the Hashemi variety, the grains rupture force decreased
from 109.96 to 88.33 N and 25.39 to 21.68 N, and the grains
rupture energy decreased from 34.39 to 29.23 mJ and 26.98 to
21.27 mJ, respectively, at horizontal and vertical orientations
with an increase in loading rate from 5 to 10 mm/min. The
values of rupture force and rupture energy of paddy grains for
Alikazemi variety were higher than those of the Hashemi
variety. [New York Science Journal 2010;3(7):40-46]. (ISSN:
1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.06
Keywords: Mechanical properties; Paddy; Rupture
Force; Energy; Variety
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7
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Finite Element
Analysis of the Preheat Effect on Laser Induced Nano and Micro
Phase Transition
Adel Mohamed EI-NADI1, Mahmoud Fathy Mahmoud2
, Hebatalrahman. A*3
Faculty of
Engineering, Cairo
University1, Egypt. Benha High Institute of
Technology2, Egypt.
Housing & Building National
Research Centre (HBRC)3, Egypt
*Hebatalrahman@naseej.com
*Hebatalrahman11@yahoo.com
Abstract: In this
research the differential equation for the heat transfer
through metal as a result of laser metal interaction and the
associated boundary and initial conditions are generally
discussed. The laser intensity is considered as heat source for
material processing. The phase transition process and Stefan
boundary conditions are explained. A model for laser metal
interaction is specified and the conditions for solution are
discussed. Preheating of the solid metal is also considered
while neglecting the reflected rays between two melted layers.
The solution of the problem is done by finite element method
under MATLAB environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze
the preheating processes corresponding to laser-metal
interactions and their parameters which are important in
controlling metal processing. [New York Science Journal 2010;3(7):47-53]. (ISSN:
1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.07
Keywords: Finite Element Analysis; Laser; Nano; Micro Phase
Transition
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8
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One Dimension Model for
Laser Interactions in Micro and Nano Scale
Adel Mohamed EI-NADI1, Mahmoud
Fathy Mahmoud2 , Hebatalrahman.A*3
Faculty
of Engineering, Cairo University1, Egypt. Benha High
Institute of Technology2, Egypt.
Housing
& Building National Research Centre (HBRC)3,
Egypt
*Hebatalrahman11@yahoo.com,
*Hebatalrahman@naseej.com
Abstract: In
this research a theoretical study for the laser-metal
interactions allowing heat conduction and melting of the metal
are presented. The metal studied is pure aluminum. The heating
of the surface of Aluminum target and the phase transition
during melting are studied under continuous and pulsed laser
operation. The metal is in the form of an insulated thin rod so
that the model is treated as one-dimensional. The heat equation
in one dimension and the initial and boundary conditions are
formulated. The solid metal is considered semi-infinite,
although the solution is restricted to the interaction zone
where there are variations with temperature. The incident laser
power is considered as a heat source that affects one boundary,
while the other boundary is kept at room temperature. During
melting, the Stefan boundary condition at the solid liquid
interface is applied. Both the laser and the target are assumed
to be stationary. The laser beam is parallel, uniform power
density and azimuthally symmetry. The model could also be used
to study other metals. The purpose of this study is to analyze
the processes occurring in laser-metal interactions and their
parameters which are important in controlling metal processing.
[New York Science Journal 2010;3(7):54-58]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.08
Keyword: One
Dimension Model; Laser; Interaction; Micro; Nano Scal
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9
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Study of the Micro and
Nano Solidification
Process of Pure Aluminum (Al) During Laser Interaction
Adel Mohamed EI-NADI1, Mahmoud
Fathy Mahmoud2 , Hebatalrahman.A*3
Faculty
of Engineering, Cairo University1, Egypt. Benha High
Institute of Technology2, Egypt.
Housing
& Building National Research Centre (HBRC)3,
Egypt
*Hebatalrahman@naseej.com; *Hebatalrahman11@yahoo.com
Abstract: In
this work, a model for laser metal interaction including
heating and melting of metals is presented. The solidification
process as a result of laser switch off is considered. These
processes are important in laser annealing, welding, and
cutting with removal of melt, machining, pulsed laser
deposition, coating, and hardening. The interaction processes
are first considered physically and the governing equations are
formulated in three dimension. These equations include the heat
equation, boundary conditions, initial condition and Stefan
interface conditions. A numerical technique using the finite element
method is used for solving this problem in one dimension. The
solidification rate and the solidified layer thickness are
calculated. The relation between solidification velocity and
solidified layer thickness is mentioned An algorithm for
solution of the problem under MATLAB environment is carried
out. The results are then compared with published results. [New York Science Journal
2010;3(7):59-63]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.09
Keywords: micro;
Nano; Aluminum; Laser Interaction
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10
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The Effect of Physical Parameters on
the Laser Micro and Nano Melting of Pure Metals
Adel Mohamed EI-NADI1,
Mahmoud Fathy Mahmoud2 , Hebatalrahman.A*3
Faculty of Engineering,
Cairo University1, Egypt. Benha High Institute of
Technology2, Egypt.
Housing & Building
National Research Centre (HBRC)3, Egypt
*Hebatalrahman@naseej.com
*Hebatalrahman11@yahoo.com
Abstract: In
this research, the ability of the laser beam to melt a small
amount (nano or micro layer) of material when focused into the
surface of absorbing material was studied. The technique has a
lot of applications in micro and nano machining. Laser
irradiation techniques for two different pure metals in nano
and micro scale were calculated, the change in physical
parameters such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity,
specific heat, between two metals are considered. The change in
surface reflection coefficient and absorption coefficient in
the liquid phases were taken into account during calculation.
The variation of the melt depth and the velocity at the solid
-liquid interface with time are evaluated. The results were
compared with published results. All the above calculations are
repeated for Copper (Cu). The variation of temperature with
time is different from that in Aluminum (Al) due to the change
in thermal characteristics between the two metals. The change
in the velocity at solid liquid interface was studied and there
is a significant difference between the two metals. The
velocity of the solid-liquid interface and the melt depth are
evaluated for both of them to show the effect of change in
physical coefficient and properties of material upon these
values. [New York Science Journal 2010;3(7):64-69]. (ISSN:
1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.10
Keywords: Effect;
Physical Parameter; Laser; Micro; Nano; Metals
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11
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Studying Of The Biological Effects Of
Stannous Chloride On The Cell Membrane
Costa, D. L.
3, Albuquerque, A. C. 3, Camacho, A. C. L. F.
3, Costa, F. C. H.7, Ferreira, C. A. A.
3,8, Filho, A. C. O. 3, Almeida, A. C. C.
3, Cardoso, M. E. O. 3, Guimarães-Silva,
S. 3, Silva, A. H.
3, Araujo, R. W. N.
3, Lima, R. C. 3, Souza, A. S.
3, Neto, N. C. R. 3, Borba, H. R. 1
and Diré, G. F. 1,2,3,4,6.
1Universidade
Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia,
Departamento de Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Atividade
Anti-helmíntica de Plantas. Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil.
2Centro
Universitário da Zona Oeste- UEZO, Avenida
Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1203. Campo Grande, RJ 23070-200,
Brazil. Telefone/Fax: 2415-8392; e-mail: gdire@hotmail.com
3Universidade
Estácio de Sá. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil.
4Universidade
do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto
Alcantara Gomes, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria. Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (bernardo@uerj.br)
5Instituto
Nacional do Câncer, Centro de Pesquisa Básica, Praça Cruz
Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
6Instituto
Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio De Janeiro,
Maracanã, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
7 Colégio
Brasileiro de Acupuntura da Academia Brasileira de Arte e
Ciência Oriental - ABACO / CBA - Rio de Janeiro/Brazil.
8 Universidade
de Trás-Os-Montes e Alto Douro - UTAD - Vila Real /Portugal.
Abstract: In nuclear medicine, the process of
labeling of cells and molecules with Technetium-99m almost always
requires the use of a reducing agent, since the eluate obtained
in the generator as pertechnetate ion is not easily connect to
other chemical species. Since the use of products containing
stannous chloride is increasingly growing by humans, has become
a stimulating attempt to better understand the biological
effects of salt. The analysis suggests that the salt of tin
presents an action-oxidant which could enable the production of
free radicals which could alter the structural properties of
the plasma membrane. [New York Science Journal
2010;3(7):70-76]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.11
Key words: red blood cells, rats,
stannous chloride, free radicals
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12
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[New York Science Journal
2010;3(7):77-79]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.12
Withdrawn
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Helicobacter
pylori and Hyperemesis Gravidarum Continous
Study (2)
Ehab H.
Nashaat, MD*, Ghada M.
Mansour, MD**,
* Department
of internal medicine, Ain Shams University.
**
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University
ehabnashaat@hotmail.com
Synopsis
: Helicobacter
pylori has a high incidence in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum, non
teratogenic treatment can be considered in intractable cases.
This is a continuous study to the study published 2009 in the
international journal of obstetric and gynecology.
Abstract : Purpose: To evaluate the role of helicobacter
pylori in the pathogenesis
of hyperemesis gravidarum, and the value of adding a non
teratogenic regimen for its treatment in intractable cases. Methods:
Sixty two hyperemesis gravidarum cases were recruited from Ain
Shams University out patient clinics. A full history was taken
including history of medical disorders as peptic ulcer and
history of chronic medications intake as non steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs. General and local examination was done
for all cases. Ultrasound was done to exclude obstetric causes
of hyperemesis as twin pregnancy, molar pregnancy or missed
abortion. Sixty two normal pregnant women were used as control.
Serum test for H-pylori IgG antibody titre using (ELISA) method
was done for all patients and control. Statistical analysis of
the data was done. Results: Fifty four cases of
the Sixty two HG cases were H pylori positive and twenty out of
the Sixty two control were positive, six cases developed severe
intractable vomiting. Two of them developed an attack of
hematemesis. Gastroscopy in these case revealed severe antral
gastritis, duodenitits, (and gastric and duodenal erosions in
two of them). The six patients received non teratogenic regimen
for treatment. Attacks of vomiting decreased and pregnancy
continued till delivery of healthy newborns. Conclusion: Screening
for Helicobacter pylori should be added to the investigations
of HG cases. Non teratogenic treatment can be considered in
intractable cases. [New York Science Journal 2010;3(7):80-84].
(ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.13
Key
words: Helicobacter pylori,
Hyperemesis gravidarum
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Assessment Of Ambient Air Quality Status In
Urbanization, Industrialization And Commercial Centers Of
Uttarakhand (India)
Avnish
Chauhan and Mayank Pawar
Department of Applied Sciences and
Humanities
College of Engineering, Teerthanker
Mahaveer University, Moradabad-244001
*Corresponding author
email-avnishchauhan_phd@aol.in
Abstract: Development
in industrialization, urbanization and expansion of the
Haridwar city has resulted in increase of air pollution like SO2, NOx, SPM
and RSPM in urban and
industrial areas of Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India. This
investigation represented the assessment of ambient air quality
with respect to PM10 (RSPM), SPM, oxides of nitrogen
(NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) at four
sites namely Shivalik nagar, SIDCUL, Clock Tower, and
Bhadrabad. Meteorological parameters like temperature, relative
humidity, wind speed and rainfall were also recorded
simultaneously during the sampling period. Monthly and seasonal
variation of these pollutants have been observed and recorded.
The annual average and range values have also been calculated.
It has been observed that the concentrations of the pollutants
are high in winter in comparison to the summer or the monsoon
seasons. Investigation results elucidates that industrial
activities, indiscriminate open air burning of coal by the
local inhabitants for cooking as well as cooking purpose,
vehicular traffic etc. are responsible for the high
concentration of pollutants in this area. In the present study,
it was noticed that the SPM and PM10 levels at
residential and industrial areas exceeds the prescribed limits
as stipulated by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) New
Delhi, India. Apart from this the SO2 and NOx levels in residential,
industrial and commercial areas remain under prescribed limits
of CPCB. [New York Science Journal 2010;3(7):85-94].
(ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.14
Keywords: Air
pollutants, industrial area, urbanization area, commercial
area, AQI
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Biodegradability of polyethylene by Brevibacillus, Pseudomonas,
and Rhodococcus spp.
Sonil Nanda1,*, Smiti
Snigdha Sahu2
1 Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology,
Bhubaneswar 751 003, Orissa, India
2 VIT University, Vellore 632 014,
Tamil Nadu, India
* Corresponding author. Email: isonil@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: The
current article investigates the biodegradation ability of Brevibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhodococcus spp. in
degrading polyethylene. Shake-flask incubation for 3 weeks was
performed for the purpose of biodegradation. The initial and
final dry weights of polyethylene before and after incubation
in the culture medium were compared and the percentage of
degradation was calculated. Pseudomonas
was found most efficient in degrading polyethylene with its
biodegradability of 40.5% followed by Brevibacillus with 37.5% and Rhodococcus with 33% biodegradability,
respectively. [New York Science Journal 2010;3(7):95-98].
(ISSN: 1554-0200).
doi:10.7537/marsnys030710.15
Keywords: Polyethylene;
Brevibacillus; Pseudomonas; Rhodococcus; Shake-flask
incubation; Biodegradation
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