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Evaluation of Anti-ulcer Activity of Laportea aestuans (Linn) Leaf Extract on Aspirin-induced ulcer in Male Albino Rats.

Okereke Stanley Chukwuma, Nosiri Chidi Ijeoma, and Chukwudoruo Chieme Sunday.

Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University Uturu, Nigeria.

Email: okerekecstan@gmail.com

Phone:23436769255

Abstract: The anti-ulcer activity of Laportea aestuans leaf extract was investigated using male albino rats. Aspirin was used to induce ulceration in the gastric mucosa, while Omeprazole was used as the reference antiulcer drug. Thirty two male albino rats were used for the study. Twelve rats were used for LD₅₀ assessment, while twenty rats were divided into four groups of 5 animals each. Groups II, III and IV received (400mg/kg, p.o) aspirin. Group I (positive control) received only distilled water and tween 80. Group II, (negative control) received only aspirin. Group III was treated with (20mg/kg, p.o) omeprazole and group IV was given the leaf extract (500mg/kg, p.o). Acute toxicity test showed an oral LD₅₀ greater than 5000mg/kg. Gastric juice volume was lowest in group IV with value of 0.77±0.06ml/4h.The decrease was not significant (P<0.05). pH increased significantly (p˂0.05) in group IV compared to group II, with values of 5.40±0.10 and 3.98±0.40 respectively. Free and total acidity (Meq/L) values decreased significantly (p˂0.05) in group IV (103.67±7.09 and 130.00±7.94 respectively) compared to group II (208.00±6.08 free acidity and 193.67±16.17 total acidity). Pepsin activity (µmolTyr/ml) significantly decreased (p˂0.05) in group IV (106.30±3.90) compared to group II (374.42±3.87). Ulcer index decreased significantly (p˂0.05) in group IV compared to group II with values of 2.82±0.01 and 3.42±0.03 respectively. Percentage (%) inhibition increased significantly (p˂0.05) in group IV compared to group II, with values of 17.79% and 0.00 respectively. The chloroform leaf extract of laportea aestuans was able to protect the stomach against ulceration caused by aspirin. These observations could be attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds in the leaf of the plant.

[Okereke Stanley Chukwuma, Nosiri Chidi Ijeoma, and Chukwudoruo Chieme Sunday. Evaluation of Anti-ulcer Activity of Laportea aestuans (Linn) Leaf Extract on Aspirin-induced ulcer in Male Albino Rats. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):1-7]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.01

Keywords; Laportea aestuans, Aspirin, Omeprazole, pepsin activity, ulcer index.

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Service oriented survey on job satisfaction, financial performance and customer satisfaction was mediated by National Bank branches in Ahvaz

Farshid moozari ¹, Dr. Belgheis Bavarsad ²

^1.       Departmentof Business Management, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, Khorramshahr, Iran

^2.       Departmentof Business Management, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, Khorramshahr, Iran

Abstract: The aim of all institutions Bank¬Ha services including tailored service and customer satisfaction. Since the financial service provider organizations, especially in an environment Bank¬Ha work with undifferentiated products, quality services as they compete first weapon known as quality of service and customer satisfaction, strategic issue for organizations their service. Khvasth¬Ha and preferences of customers better than competitor organizations to respond to them satisfaction, business performance will Mvfq¬Try. Given the expressed aim of this study was to examine the issue of how SOA on the financial performance of the role will affect job satisfaction and customer satisfaction? The aim of the present study, the research for numerous applications. According to the method of data collection, including the researcher-descriptive study - Ali respectively. The population of this research managers and employees in all branches of the National Bank is the city of Ahvaz. Given that the number of branches of the National Bank in the city of Ahvaz 69 branches and 681 employees total sample size of 246 people have been met. In this study hypotheses analysis software SPSS (22) and lisrel (8.5) was used. The results show the positive effects of Khdmt¬Grayy on customer satisfaction, job satisfaction and financial performance respectively. Customer satisfaction was confirmed positive impact on financial performance, but the impact on customer satisfaction and job satisfaction of the National Bank in this study was rejected.

[Farshid moozari, Belgheis Bavarsad. Service oriented survey on job satisfaction, financial performance and customer satisfaction was mediated by National Bank branches in Ahvaz. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):8-16]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.02

Keywords: Khdmt¬Grayy, job satisfaction, customer satisfaction, financial performance

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Review forms of karst in the arid and semi- arid zones (Ramhormoz)

Farangis Nazari Bayatiyani

Graduated student of Geomorphology Imam memory Unit, Ray City, Tehran.

Dr. Gulamhossein Eskani Kazazi

Assistant Professor of Azad University. Imam Memory Unit, Ray City

Abstract: More than ten percent of the earth’s surface has been occupied by carbonate stones that most of them has been formed of limestone  and  dolomite  And also karst phenomenon mainly form of dissolution of the carbonate stones and also that way is considered as the biggest underground water resources of earth. Our country as well as has vast expanse karsti arenas , from Zagros mountains to parts of Alborz, hot pile and else include the very big percentage of the country soil, so the recognition of karsti arenas and their characteristics of usage view that related to many human activities has great importance. According to the importance of this issue, this research in the same way study the forms of karst In the arid and semi – arid in the range of Rahmormoz and for the first time study the forms of existing karsti in this range and the way of  their formation, evolution and transformation.

[Farangis Nazari Bayatiyani. Review forms of karst in the arid and semi- arid zones (Ramhormoz). Nat Sci 2015;13(11):17-24]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.03

Key words: Ramhormoz, Geomorphology, karst, arid and semi- arid zones.

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Orchid Plant Natural Source For The Synthesis Of Silver And Gold Nanoparticles With Antagonistic Analysis

Dr. Kalaiarasan. A^*, Dr. Chinnappa. R²

^1.  Centre for Bioscience and Nanoscience Research, Coimbature, Tamil Nadu, India.

^2.  PG and Research Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Musiri, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

^*Corresponding Author: Email – myla_kalai@yahoo.com

Mobil no: +91 9943110536, 7092240630

Abstract: Nanoparticles are attractive in pharmacy and medicine simply because it is possible to control drug misdistribution and achieve therapeutic benefit with nanomedicines. Green synthesis of AgNO₃ and HAuCl₄ nanoparticles approach nanomedicines developing area investigation. The biomolecules found in orchid plants induce the reduction of Ag+ ions from silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles and Au ions from chloroauric acid to gold nanoparticles. In this present investigation of silver and gold nanoparticles were biosynthesized from aqueous silver and gold nanoparticles through using Bulbophyllum kaitense pseudobulb-powder extracts. The chemical compound and morphology characterization of nanoparticles were done by using various instruments which included ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy, scanning Electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy. The ultraviolet – visible spectrum of the plant aqueous extract containing silver nanoparticles showed on absorption peak at around 431nm and gold nanoparticles absorption peak at around 442nm. The silver nanoparticles synthesized were generally found to be slightly oval in shape with 70nm. Whereas the synthesized gold nanoparticles were found to be 60 nm. The energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectra analysis confirmed the presence of elemental silver and gold signal. The results showed that the pseudobulb aqueous extract of Bulbophyllum is very excellent bioreductant for the synthesis of AgNO₃ and HAuCl₄ nanoparticles active against human pathogens Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans. In this plant world first report that orchidaceae family in nanoscience and Origin of in India.

[Kalaiarasan. A, Chinnappa. R. Orchid Plant Natural Source For The Synthesis Of Silver And Gold Nanoparticles With Antagonistic Analysis. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):25-35]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.04

Key words: Silver, Gold, Nanoparticles, Nanomedicines Bio-synthesis, Scanning electron microscope, Transmissions electron microscope

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Calibration and verification of SALTMED model for simulation of soil salinity distribution under condition using of saline irrigation water and maize cultivation

Negar Khalvandi¹, Amir Soltani Mohammadi² and Saeed Borooman Nasab³

^1- M.Sc. Student, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail Address: negar_khalvandi@yahoo.com

^2-Assistant professor, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail Address: a.soltani@scu.ac.ir

^3- Professor, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail Address: boroomand@scu.ac.ir

Abstract: Salt movement under the conditions of use of saline irrigation water is highly regarded. Using models such as SALTMED can be simulation salinity distribution. In this study, calibration and verification of SALTMED model was done by using data from experimental maize field. For this purpose, field experiment consists of five levels of salinity irrigation water (S₀: Control treatment, S₁, S₂, S₃ and S₄) with three replications was performed in Research Field of Water Sciences Engineering Faculty at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran. The experiment was arranged according to a randomized complete block design with split plot layout. During the cultivation, six times soil samples were collected from the depths of 0-30, 30-60, 60-90 and 90-120 cm for all treatments to determine soil salinity. 70% of soil salinity data measured from control treatment used for calibration and 30% remaining data used for verification of model. Calibration and verification results show that the model can simulate soil salinity with high accuracy, also Coefficient of determination (R²) and the NRMSE for model calibration obtained 0.76 and 3.13, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R²) and NRMSE for the model verification was obtained 0.96 and 9.14, respectively. The calibrated model used to simulation of soil salinity of S₁ to S₄ treatments. The coefficient of determination and NRMSE for S₁, S₂, S₃ and S₄ treatments, calculated 0.90, 0.86, 0.87 and 0.89 and 19.38, 19.24, 18.07 and 16.51, respectively. Overall, the results showed that the model is useful for simulation of soil salinity under using of saline irrigation water and with increasing the salinity of irrigation water difference between measured and simulated decreased.

[Negar Khalvandi, Amir Soltani Mohammadi and Saeed Borooman Nasab. Calibration and verification of SALTMED model for simulation of soil salinity distribution under condition using of saline irrigation water and maize cultivation. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):36-40]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.05

Keywords: Soil Salinity, calibration, verification, SALTMED model

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Evaluation of Effect of Irrigation by Saline -sodium Water and freshwater as a combination on physical and chemical properties of soil with silt loam texture

Ehsan Salehi¹*, Saeed Boroomand Nasab², Amir Soltani Mohammadi³

^1.MSc student in Irrigation and draining, water  science engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University

^2.Professor  of Irrigation and Drainage Department,  water  science engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University

^3.Assistant Professor  of Irrigation and Drainage Department water  science engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University

*-Corresponding author: (E-Mail: ehs_salehi69@yahoo.com)

Abstract: During the deficit water, one of the irrigation management techniques is saline- sodium water in combination with freshwater. In order to study the effect of saline- sodium and freshwater ratios on some soil properties such as porosity, average speed of penetration and electrical conductivity, an experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications in Research Station of water Science engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz was done. The test duration was three months starting from mid-April 2014 and 20 times irrigation was performed. Treatments consisted of control (C): treatment that has been irrigated with fresh water, 1/3 salt treatment, 2/3 freshwater (M1), treatment as a third of irrigation water was saline water and the remaining two-thirds, Immediately after the intrusion of salt water is completed by fresh water, the treatment of 1/2 salt, 1/2 freshwater (M2), 2/3 saline water treatment, 1/3 freshwater treatment (M3), mixed treatment: In this treatment, the saline water and freshwater were mixed in a same ratio and then were used (M4). The results showed no significant difference between treatments in terms of soil acidity. M1 and M2 treatments after control treatment (C) had the lowest electrical conductivity and the closest result in the control (C) in terms of sodium adsorption ratio was related to M1. The M4, after the control (C), had the highest average speed of penetration and there was no difference between treatments in terms of porosity.

[Ehsan Salehi, Saeed Boroomand Nasab, Amir Soltani Mohammadi. Evaluation of Effect of Irrigation by Saline -sodium Water and freshwater as a combination on physical and chemical properties of soil with silt loam texture. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):41-47]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.06

Keywords: irrigation management; saline- sodium water; use integration; porosity; electrical conductivity; soil acidity; sodium adsorption ratio

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Altitudinal Variation In Species Composition Of Family- Pieridae And Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) In The State Ofuttarakhand (India)

Vinaya Kumar Singh¹, P. C. Joshi¹, S.P.S. Bisht² and Sanjay Kumar¹

¹Dept. of Zoology and Environmental Science Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar

²Department of Zoology, D. S. B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.

¹Email: vinaybiotech06@gmail.com, prakash127@yahoo.com

Abstract:  Present study was conducted at six sites with different altitudes Viz. Raja Ji National Park (300 m), Kaladhungi (610 m), Jeliokot (1370 m), Kailakhan (1820 m), Snow view (2252 m) and China Peak (2611m) in Garhwal and Kumaun region of Uttarakhand (India). A total of 322 individuals of 29 species belonging to two families were identified. Family Pieridae was found dominant with 19 species while 10 species belonged to family Nymphalidae. The dominant species in the family Pieridae included Pieris brassicae, while in Nymphalidae the dominant species was Vanessa cardui. Pieris brassicaewas found dominant at lower altitude while Aglais cashmiriensis was found dominant at higher altitude. As many as 6 species of Pieridae and 4 species of Nymphalidae were common at all the sites while 26 species were recorded at lower altitude and 21 at higher altitude.  The maximum Shannon Diversity (H’) 0.2077 was recorded for the species Pieris brassicae and minimum value was recorded for Vanessa cardui (0.03109). The mean Shannon diversity (H’) recorded was 2.9513. While the evenness ranged between 0.8850 to 0.2940.

[Vinaya Kumar Singh, P. C. Joshi, S.P.S. Bisht and Sanjay Kumar. Altitudinal Variation In Species Composition Of Family- Pieridae And Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) In The State Ofuttarakhand (India). Nat Sci 2015;13(11):48-52]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.07

Key words: Altitudinal variation, Species composition, Pieridae and Nymphalidae

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Basic Structures of Organic and Biologic Electrochemical Transistors

Mikhail Vaynshteyn¹, Aleksandr Lanis²

¹Academia.edu, PhD, Saint Louis, USA

² Mercy Hospital, MD, Saint Louis, USA

vamiz@yahoo.com

Abstract: Electrical current control in organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) and bioelectrochemical transistors (РСС-ОЕСТ) is carried out by changing the speed and direction of red-ox reactions. Unlike other types of transistors, this allows them to be used at a very low initial voltages and creates other functional and technological advantages. The significance of these benefits depends on the structure of transistors. This article briefly describes the most relevant structures of electrochemical and bioelectrochemical transistors which are based on the semiconductor PEDOT: PSS with the aim of comparative assessment of their effectiveness.

[Mikhail Vaynshteyn, Aleksandr Lanis. Basic Structures of Organic and Biologic Electrochemical Transistors. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):53-58]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.08

Keywords: electrochemical transistor, bioelectrochemical transistor, organic semiconductor, transconductance, conductive channel

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A Comparative Study on the Healing Potential of Induced Labial Ulcerative Defects Treated with Nanosilver and Chlorhexidine.

Aziza EL-SanousiSaad, Dalia Elbaz andMaha Bashir

Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University

Aza_dent@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nanosilver NS is a potent antibacterial and powerful anti-inflammatory effects which improve wound healing. Aim of the study: To evaluate the effect of nanosilver on healing of induced labial mucous membrane ulcer and compare this to the conventionally used chlorohexidine solution on the rat animal model. Materials and methods: Forty five adult male rats were used and exposed to induced ulcers in the labial mucosa. The rats were divided into three groups control group (received no treatment), and two experimental groups. Group I: ulcers were irrigated with nanosilver solution twice daily. Group II: ulcers were irrigated with chlorohexidine twice daily. Histological, histochemical examination (using Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen PCNA, and Interlukien-6 IL-6) and statistical analysis were performed for all groups. Results: It was found that nanosilver promotes healing of oral ulcers better than the conventionally used chlorhexidine. Conclusion: This study showed that nanosilver has superior healing properties on oral ulcer mainly by decreasing the amount of inflammatory cells in underlying connective, and enhancing cell proliferation compared to the conventionally used chlorohexidine.

[Aziza EL-SanousiSaad, Dalia Elbaz and Maha Bashir. A Comparative Study on the Healing Potential of Induced Labial Ulcerative Defects Treated with Nanosilver and Chlorhexidine. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):59-73]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.09

Keywords:Nanosilver, chlorohexidine, ulcer, healing.

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Microbial Assessment of Chicken and Beef Suya Samples in Oyo, Nigeria

Afolabi Folake Titilayo^1*, Odubanjo Oluwadamilola Rashidat ²

^1*Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

²Department of Biological Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria

E-mail: folakeojo1@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ready to eat chicken and beef samples were collected from suya processors in different locations within Oyo town. Studies on the microbiological quality of chicken and beef suya were carried out. The total viable count ranged from 7.00 x 10⁵ to 15.00 x 10⁵ cfu/g for the chicken and beef suya samples. The yeast and mould count ranged from 1.00 x 10⁵ to 7.00 x 10⁵ cfu/g while the total Coliform count ranged from 1.00 x 10⁵ to 5.00 x 10⁵ cfu/g for all the samples. The moisture contents of the chicken and beef suya samples 1.56 to 2.06 % for all the samples while the pH of the two samples was also between 6.80 and 7.10. The bacteria that were isolated from the chicken and beef suya samples were; Bacillus sp., Escherichia sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp. while the fungi isolates were Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. The isolation of probable potential pathogens from suya samples analyzed is of public health significance. Aseptic techniques should be adequately employed in the meat industries in order to reduce microbial load of meat and meat products for safe consumption by consumers and thus prevent food-borne diseases and infections.

[Afolabi Folake Titilayo, Odubanjo Oluwadamilola Rashidat. Microbial Assessment of Chicken and Beef Suya Samples in Oyo, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):74-77]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.10

Keywords: Chicken; Beef; Bacteria; Fungi; Pathogens

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Development of Albino Rat Knee Joint Cavitation and the Effect of Ciprofloxacin and the Possible Protective Role of Vitamin E

Saadia Ahmed Shalaby, Essam Mohamed Eid, Naglaa Ali Saber Sarg, Osama Foaad Ahmed and Hanan Ibrahim Hussein.

Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University

tantawy_d@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: The knee joint cavity started to developed in the intrauterine life from mesenchymal progenitor at the interzone. Ciprofloxacin is one of fluorinated derivatives of quinolone, which has a broad spectrum bactericidal activity. Ciprofloxacin induces damage of the epiphyseal growth plate during early post-natal developmental phase resulting in irreversible bone damage and growth inhibition. Aim of this work: is to study the prenatal and postnatal development of the knee joint cavity in albino rat and detect the effect of ciprofloxacin on the articular cartilage of knee joint and epiphyseal growth plate cartilage of femur and tibia and evaluate the possible protective role of vitamin E and detect the possible reversible effects of ciprofloxacin after drug stoppage. Material and methods: eighteen pregnant rats were divided in to two groups: (Ι) Developmental groups: pregnant rats sacrificed at 16^th, 18^th, 20^th days of gestation. (П) Experimental groups: A-Control group and B-Ciprofloxacin treated group: divided into four subgroups. a- Ciprofloxacin Treated pups subgroup: received 20 mg/kg/day ciprofloxacin for 14 days. b- Ciprofloxacin Treated rats subgroup: Rats aged 5weeks received 20 mg/kg/day ciprofloxacin for 14 days. c- Ciprofloxacin plus vitamin E subgroup: Rats aged 5 weeks received 20 mg/kg/day ciprofloxacin in addition to 100 mg/kg/ day vitamin E for 14 days. d- Ciprofloxacin withdrawal subgroup: Rats aged 5 weeks received 20 mg/kg/day ciprofloxacin for 14 days then left to live for 30 days after Ciprofloxacin stoppage then rats were sacrificed. Results: The knee joint cavity started to appear at 16 day intrauterine life in the interzone and completed at 20 day intrauterine life, Ciprofloxacin cause erosion and cavitations of the articular cartilage and the epiphyseal growth plate of the femur and tibia by light microscopy and chondrocyts degeneration by electron microscopy,and after giving vitamin E with Ciprofloxacin, the articular cartilage of the femoral condyle affected only small cavitations of deep zone with little sign of degenerations by electron microscopy. After stopping of Ciprofloxacin for 30 days we found persistence its effect on growing articular cartilage and epiphyseal growth plate. Conclusion: The knee joint cavity started to appear at the interzoe at 16 day I.U.L. and completed at 20 day I.U.L. Ciprofloxacin causes toxic effect on the growing cartilage. The vitamin E partially minimizes the toxic effect of Ciprofloxacin. The toxic effects of Ciprofloxacin are irreversible after stoppage of this drug.

[Saadia Ahmed, Shalaby, Essam Mohamed Eid, Naglaa Ali Saber Sarg, Osama Foaad Ahmed and Hanan Ibrahim Hussein. Development of Albino Rat Knee Joint Cavitation and the Effect of Ciprofloxacin and the Possible Protective Role of Vitamin E. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):78-86]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.11

Keywords: development, knee joint, articular cartilage, epiphyseal cartilage plate, ciprofloxacin, vitamin E.

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Shot-hole borer (Scolytus nitidus Schedl) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): a new host-Himalayan birch (Betula utilis) - Short Communication

Abdul Lateef Khanday¹* and Abdul A. Buhroo

¹Postgraduate Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006 (India)

*Corresponding author: lateefkhanday@gmail.com

Abstract: Fruit trees are considered to be the primary host trees of the shot-hole borer bark beetle Scolytus nitidus (Schedl, 1957). This paper documents the first recorded successful development of S. nitidus on Betula utilis D. Don. Five densely infested birch trees were found in a forest close to the village of Dawar (Gurez valley). S. nitidus is a polyphagous species that attacks different fruit tree species but was not previously reported to develop on Himalayan birch. The infestation of Himalayan birch recorded in the present study was most likely promoted by a large population of S. nitidus in the studied region combined with a local lack of primary host trees as a consequence of bark beetle outbreak.

[Khanday AL, Buhroo AA. Shot-hole borer (Scolytus nitidus Schedl) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): a new host - Himalayan birch (Betula utilis) - Short Communication. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):87-89]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.12

Keywords: Himalayan birch; fruit trees; Scolytus nitidus; scolytinae

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Civil liability of physicians in Iran and Egypt, according to Iran's new Islamic Penal Code Act of 92

Zahra chanani ^1, Dr. Faysal Saeidi ²

^1. Department of Law, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, iran

^2. Department of Law, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract: Doctors civil liability civil liability law is one of the main issues discussed in the various countries and an important vote on it has been issued. In our country, before the diya Act of 1361, subject to the general rules of civil liability and civil liability of physicians are usually based on fault liability in civil liability law was decreed in 1339 was applicable in this case. Fortunately, the new Penal Code adopted by 92 former provisions amended and returned to the fault. The doctor when the patient's responsibility to compensate the damages to be proven to be his fault. This solution, in addition to coordination with the general rules of civil liability, with the best interest of patients and society is justified. According to Article 319 of the former Penal Code - passed in 1370 - if the patient's healing process or cause damage to his surgery wasTreatment was forced to sign it. The old law, a doctor in case of obtaining exemptions from civil liability under the new law, if proven innocent and medical malpractice innocence even if the certificate is held.

[Zahra chanani, Faysal Saeidi. Civil liability of physicians in Iran and Egypt, according to Iran's new Islamic Penal Code Act of 92. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):90-97]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.13

Key words: civil liability -Mbnay doctor liability - civil liability Egypt's new Penal Code

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Clinico-Epidemiology Study of Colorectal Cancer in Menofia University Oncology Department

Suzy.F. Gohar^1, Suzan A AlHassanin¹, Mohamed El-Assal² and Ahmed M. Hussein²

¹Clinical oncology department, Faculty of Medicine, Menofia University, Egypt.

²Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.

mohamedelassal2011@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and is the third most common cancer worldwide after lung and breast cancers, CRC was the 6th cancer in Egypt. This work was designed to study patient and disease characteristics, medical treatment option and response of all colorectal cancer patients presented in Menofiaoncology department between 2005 and 2010. Methods: in this retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical reports of all patients who had a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of colon and rectal cancer presented to Menofia university clinical oncology department, between March 2005 till December 2010. Results: 84 patients admitted to oncology department from 2005 to 2010 patients with overall incidence about 1.6% of all patients admitted to Menofiaoncology department. Of these, 47 patients (56%) were diagnosed by colon cancer (group 1) and 37(44%) patients were diagnosed by rectal cancer (group 2). 35.7% (30 patients) were less than 50 years. The median age at diagnosis for colon cancer (group 1) patients was 49 years old and for rectal cancer group (group 2) was 52 years. There was male predominance.poor performance status, advanced stage, presence of metastases and elevated CA 19.9 are associated with poor survival in colon cancer group and advanced stage and disease progression at initial response in rectal cancer group. Conclusion: colon cancer is more common than rectal cancer, with clear male predominance. It is frequent in patients less than 50 years and urban than rural areas. Patients with colon cancer have better overall survival than rectal cancer. Advanced stage, presence of metastases and elevated CA 19.9 are associated with poor survival in colon cancer group and advanced stage and disease progression at initial response in rectal cancer group.

[Suzy. F. GoharSuzan AAl Hassanin, Mohamed El-Assal and Ahmed M. Hussein. Clinico-Epidemiology Study of Colorectal Cancer in Menofia University Oncology Department. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):98-105]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.14.

Key words: colorectal, cancer, epidemiology

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Measurement methods used to determine the first period of secondary mathematics teachers in Ahvaz and meet the teachers to measure the high-level thinking in the classroom

Rahil mohebi ¹, Dr. Ahmad shahvarani ², Dr. Hossein Dosty

^1.       Department of mathematical, College of Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^2.       Department of mathematical, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^3.       Department of mathematical, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the types of measurement methods Astfadh Y first period of secondary mathematics teachers in Ahvaz and Trading of thinking that teachers with high-level assessment was conducted in the city of Ahvaz. The sample includes school math teachers Mtvsth Y period of Ahvaz and the sample based on the sample of 141 people for the use of cluster sampling and were randomly selected. The research method is based on the objective of applied research, based on data types and descriptive correlational research is conducted. A questionnaire was used to run. As well as the analysis of one sample t parametric test data is Ayastfadh. The results of the study showed that more teachers Yafth Ay written procedures and performance measurement, as well as the first secondary school mathematics teachers to use appropriate methods to measure, are satisfied. The findings also showed that the first high school mathematics teachers Nhvh Y measured with mathematical analysis, logic and reasoning, judgment, problem solving and creativity of the students are familiar.

[Rahil mohebi, Ahmad shahvarani, Hossein Dosty. Measurement methods used to determine the first period of secondary mathematics teachers in Ahvaz and meet the teachers to measure the high-level thinking in the classroom. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):106-113]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.15.

Key words: evaluation, approval, analysis, logic and reasoning, judgment, problem solving, creativity.

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Flood risk mapping in urban areas (case study: Hamadan)

Sepehri M ¹, Ildoromi A ¹, Farokhzadeh B ¹, Nori H ¹, Atapourfard A ², Artimani M ².

¹Department of watershed management, Faculty of natural resource, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.

²Department of watershed management, natural resource center, Hamadan, Iran

Sepehri_mehdi@ymail.com or n.sepehri@basu.ac.ir

Abstract: Flood risk mapping (FRM) can be considered as the most serious threat, mainly in areas and countries where hardly any other natural risks occur. In relation to the field of valuation and insurance, flood risk represents a significant factor entering the new valuation procedures as well as binding regulations for real property valuation. Recently, the cities of Hamadan, Iran, have been affected by several storm flood events, causing hundreds of people to be evacuated from their homes. Heavy intensity rainfall, new housing developments covering previously permeable grounds, and old drainage systems are the main causes for this situation. This paper presents a simple approach of urban flood hazard assessment in a region where primary data are scarce. The objectives of this study are to joint assessment of hazard, exposure and social vulnerability provides valuable information for the evaluation of FRM strategies. In this paper, we present an approach for determining spatial flood risk index map based on population vulnerabilities and terrain morphological characteristics using a geographic information system.

[Sepehri M, Ildoromi A, Farokhzadeh B, Nori H, Atapourfard A, Artimani M. Flood risk mapping in urban areas (case study: Hamadan. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):114-121]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.16.

Keywords: Flood risk, Flood hazard, Vulnerability, Hamadan

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Production of Biscuits Lowering Cholesterol from Soybean Treated with Microwave Apparatus

Eman Hassan Ahmed Algrane

Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Designs and Home Economics,

Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

dr-emo-2009@hotmail.com.

Abstract: This study was carried out to effect of microwave heating on protein solubility and on the functional properties such as the water holding, oil binding, emulsifying, and foaming capacities for soybean meal and wheat flour 72% extraction. The results found that the microwave treated (MWT) soybean meal and wheat flour 72% extraction produced significantly enhanced values and the time for MWT as 60 sec., 120 sec. and 300 sec. was found to alter the functionality of the soybean meal and wheat flour 72% extraction. Protein solubility in general was increased during microwave treatment (MWT) for a short period of time.  The results have indicated that microwave treatment (MWT) of the raw materials for a limited time period will be helpful in designing the processing system and determining the quality of processed foods. Organoleptic characteristics were determined in biscuit and their blends made from microwave soybean meal at level 10, 20 and 30% plus microwave wheat flour 72% extraction. The results showed that the sensory characteristics could be no variation by various concentrations of the ingredients in dough during production of biscuits at level 10, 20 and 30% soybean meal were acceptable to most members regarding to taste, odor, texture, crust color, crumb color, general appearance and overall acceptability.  At the end of biological experimental period the total lipid, triglyceride blood sugar, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein were determined in all groups fed on basal diet substitute with 20% from biscuits made from 10, 20 and 30% microwave soybean meal and the results are reported that the hypercholesterolemic rats fed on biscuits made from 30% microwave soybean meal; the total lipid and triglyceride were the lowest 0.68 g/dl and 115.1 mg/dl followed by hypercholesterolemic rats fed on 20% biscuits was amounted 0.78 g/dl and 141.0 mg/dl. Moreover, the results illustrated that the hypercholesterolemic rats fed on biscuits made from 30% soybean meal, the total cholesterol had the lowest (200.0 mg/dl) contained and nearly the negative healthy control 186.3 mg/dl fed on basal diet and the best group from the results of low and high lipoprotein were the rats fed on biscuits made from 30% soybean meal. Moreover, the blood sugar in the groups was occurred the above results. From the obviously results it can may be recommended the biscuits  made from 10, 20 and 30% microwave soybean meal was observed that general appearance and overall acceptability and effects on lowering lipid parameters and blood glucose level.

[Eman Hassan Ahmed Algrane. Production of Biscuits Lowering Cholesterol from Soybean Treated with Microwave Apparatus. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):122-130]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.17.

Key word: Microwave treated soybean – Biscuits - Protein solubility - Organoleptic characteristics - Biological experimental

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Pregnancy Associated Kidney Diseases

El Shahawy E. MD, Salem M. MD, Bahgat S. MD, Galal H. MD and Ahmed D. M.B.B.Ch.

Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Diseases Unite, Benha University Hospital, Benha University, Egypt.

Shimaasalah1986@gmail.com

Abstract: Significant physiologic mechanisms that alter systemic and renal hemodynamics play an important role in the renal response to changes in fluid and electrolytes during normal pregnancy. Acute kidney Injury (AKI) in pregnancy remains a cause of significant fetomaternal mortality and morbidity. AKI develops most often due to hyperemesis gravidarum or septic abortion (in the first trimester). Hypertensive complications of pregnancy (preeclampsia/eclampsia or hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets count syndrome (HELLP)) are the leading cause of AKI in pregnancy worldwide. Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD); Stages, fetal &maternal complications and recommendation with Pregnancy. Although pregnancy after renal replacement therapy is feasible, complications are relatively common and this needs to be considered in patient counseling and clinical decision making.

[El Shahawy E., Salem M. , Bahgat S. , Galal H.  and Ahmed D. Pregnancy Associated Kidney Diseases. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):131-138]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.18.

Keywords: Renal hemodynam with pregnancy, acute kidney injury (AKI), hypertensive complications, low platelets count syndrome (HELLP), Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD), dialysis and transplantation with pregnancy.

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Structure and Physical Properties Study of Some Oxide Glasses Used as γ- Ray Shielding Material

H.A. Saudi¹, A. Abd-Elalim², T.Z. Abou-Elnasr², A.G. Mostafa²*

^1. Phys. Dept., Faculty of Science (Girls' Branch) Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt

^2. Phys. Dept., Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884,  Cairo, Egypt

*drahmedgamal@yahoo.com

Abstract: Some sodium-iron-phosphate glasses containing various amounts of calcium, strontium or barium oxides have been prepared by the melt quenching technique.  The amorphous nature has been confirmed by using XRD, while the internal structural groups have been investigated by IR analysis. The studied physical properties indicated that the samples containing 15 mol% BaO represented the highest density and molar volume values among all the studied glasses. It exhibits also the highest mass attenuation coefficient and the lowest half value layer.  Although the glass containing 15 mol % CaO exhibits the highest values of both hardness and aqueous durability, but those containing SrO or BaO exhibit also an excellent level of hardness and durability.

[Saudi HA, Abd-Elaleem A, Abou-Elnasr TZ, Mostafa AG. Structure and Physical Properties Study of Some Oxide Glasses Used as γ- Ray Shielding Material. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):139-145]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 19. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.19.

Keywords: IR Spectroscopy, Mass Attenuation Coefficient, Gamma Ray Shielding Glass, Aqueous Durability, .Hardness

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A Simple Laboratory Experiment for Measuring the Expansivity of Tungsten at Elevated Temperatures

*H.H. Hassan, S.A. Khairy and H.S. Ayoub

Department of Physics, Faculty of science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt

*hussamhhassan49@yahoo.com

Abstract: A laser pointer is used to backlight the tungsten filament of an ordinary P21W automotive light bulb, gradually driven to incandescence by direct current. Dimensional changes in the filament shadowgraphs are measured, then integrated to voltage - current data, in order to calculate the coefficient of thermal expansion CTE of tungsten, in the temperature range from 500 to 3500K. This low cost experiment is a simple activity that enables science students to understand the thermometric behavior of tungsten as a refractory metal to the extent of its melting temperature.

[Hassan HH, Khairy SA and Ayoub HS. A Simple Laboratory Experiment for Measuring the Expansivity of Tungsten at Elevated Temperatures.. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):146-151]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 20. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.20.

Keywords: Thermal Expansion Coefficient CTE; Tungsten Filament Shadowgraphy; Low Cost Experiment

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Effects of different factors on ²³⁵U mass estimation for natural and depleted uranium samples with different containers using the Active-Well Neutron Coincidence Counter

M.H. Hazzaa¹ , W.I. Zidan ¹, N.M. Ibrahiem ¹, A.G. Mostafa ²* and M.Y. Hassaan ²

^1. Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority (ENRRA), Department of Nuclear Safeguards and Physical Protection, 3 Ahmad El-Zomor Str., El-Zohoor Dist., Nasr City, P.O. Code 11762, Cairo, Egypt

^2. ME Lab., Phys. Dept., Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar Univ., Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

*drahmedgamal@yahoo.com

Abstract: Effects of different factors on ²³⁵U mass estimation in natural and depleted uranium samples, are carried out by measuring the coincidence count rates due to uranium isotopes using the Active-Well Neutron Coincidence Counter (AWCC) with and without containers. NM samples of different shapes, configurations and various chemical compositions, were contained, by aluminum (Al), lead (Pb) or polyethylene (PE) with different thicknesses (0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2 cm) for the estimation of ²³⁵U mass. A semi-empirical calibration curves relate ²³⁵U mass content in each modeled setup configuration with the corresponding measured coincidence count rate, were constructed with and without containers. The estimated ²³⁵U mass content was found to be reduced by factors, where these factors were calculated for each sample type and for the rectangular and cylindrical shapes as well as for all configuration.

[Hazzaa MH, Zidan WI, Ibrahiem NM, Mostafa AG and Hassaan MY. Effects of different factors on ²³⁵U mass estimation for natural and depleted uranium samples with different containers using the Active-Well Neutron Coincidence Counter. Nat Sci 2015;13(11):152-161]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 21. doi:10.7537/marsnsj131115.21.

Keywords: Nuclear safeguards; Uranium mass content; Monte Carlo; AWCC; Al; Pb; polyethylene

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