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Effect of Acetazolamide Drug as Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

A.S.Fouda^1,*, S.H. Etaiw² and Ahmed wahba³

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura-35516, Egypt, Fax: +2 050 2202271, Tel: +2 050 2365730

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

³Hight Institute of Engineering and Textile Technology (HIETT), El-Mahalla, Egypt

Abstract: The inhibiting effect of acetazolamide on the corrosion of C-steel in 1M HCl was studied by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the drug concentration, while it decreases with raising the temperature. The adsorption of acetazolamide on the carbon steel surface obeys the Temkin adsorption isotherm. Polarization studies indicate that this investigated drug is a mixed type inhibitor. The thermodynamic functions of adsorption processes were calculated from weight loss at different temperatures. The surface morphology of the carbon steel specimens was examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis.

[A.S.Fouda, S.H. Etaiw and Ahmed wahba. Effect of Acetazolamide Drug as Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):1-8]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.01

Keywords: Carbon steel, Corrosion inhibition, acetazolamide, HCl, Potentiodynamic polarization, EIS, EFM, SEM, EDX.

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Provide a model for determining the strategy level of orienting Khorramshahr port by Kaplan and Norton model

Mohammad Reza Uzi ¹, Dr. Mahmod Gheitasvand²

^1.  Department of Business Management, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, Iran

^2.  Department of Business Management Abadan, Islamic Azad university, Abadan, Iran

Abstract：Organizations to better control and more comprehensive planning strongly felt that requires to the evaluation system with a logical and systematic performance. The study "provides a model to determine the strategy level of orienting Khoramshahar Port by Kaplan and Norton model" that it under a conceptual model by using the balanced scorecard and performance evaluation and by using AHP an integrated and strategic performance evaluation system identifies quantitative and qualitative indicators to offer. The population of the research was staff of Khorramshahar. To collect data in the form of a Likert questionnaire was used. In this study, 55 indicators in the balanced scorecard to assess various aspects of which were identified that among them by using a questionnaire and the Likert scale based on population sample size According to Morgan, 210 managers, employees and experts of Khorramshahr port were considered The study showed that the addition of a model to assess the strategic level of orientation, thinking management of khorramshahar port is considered. They were not mentioned in the previous investigation. The study also provided suggestions at the end of the study.

[Mohammad Reza Uzi, Mahmod Gheitasvand. Provide a model for determining the strategy level of orienting Khorramshahr port by Kaplan and Norton model. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):9-15]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.02

Keywords: performance evaluation, balanced scorecard, effectiveness, Khorramshahr Port Authority

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Retrospective Study (2010- 2014) of Disease Conditions among Reproductive System of Ruminants at Guto-Gida Veterinary Clinic, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

Tilahun Zenebe¹, Girma Kebede¹, Firmaye Gerbi¹ and Lidiya Fikirte¹

¹Wollega University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia

Email- tilahun.zenebe@yahoo.com

Abstract: Reproductive disorders of domestic ruminants significantly reduce their productivity which is of great concern of production worldwide, because most reproductive disorders adversely affect the future fertility. A five year retrospective study of reproductive disorders of ruminants presented to Guto-Gida Veterinary Clinic, Nekemte, Ethiopia was conducted with the objective of prevalent reproductive problems (reproductive diseases) determination in domestic ruminants between January 2010 and December 2014. All Data about ruminants were collected from case registration books and entered into Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed based on the year of study, the disease condition, species and sex of the animals. Out of a total of 2846 ruminants examined,54(1.89%) were found to have reproductive disorders comprising mastitis 41(75.92%), abortion 6(11.11%), metritis 3(5.56%), vaginal prolapse 2(3.70%), dystocia 1(1.85%) and paraphimosis 1(1.85%), with 53(98.14%) in cattle, 1(1.85%) in sheep and 0(0%) in goats. 846 (29.73%) of the cases observed were male and 2000 (70.27%) were female. In conclusion, from this study, reproductive cases were most prevalent in cattle than sheep and goats. Therefore, Major causes of reproductive disorders especially in cattle should be identified and followed by appropriate measures according to the disorders, to minimize the reproductive wastage.

[Tilahun Zenebe, Girma Kebede, Firmaye Gerbi and Lidiya Fikirte. Retrospective Study (2010- 2014) of Disease Conditions among Reproductive System of Ruminants at Guto-Gida Veterinary Clinic, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):16-19]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.03

Key words: Veterinary Clinic, retrospective study, reproductive problems, ruminants, Nekemte, Ethiopia

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Working Conditions Of Women In Kashmir 

Sheema Mushtaq¹, Nilofer Khan², Mushtaq Ahmad Darzi³ 

¹ PhD Scholar, Institute of Home Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India

sheemamushtaq@gmail.com

² Professor, Institute of Home Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India

profniloferku@gmail.com

³ Professor, The Business School, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India

mushtaqad62@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: The present study was aimed to examine the conditions of work at workplace of working women. The sample for the study was 400 working women who were randomly selected from various departments from four districts of Kashmir division viz. Srinagar, Anantnag, Ganderbal and Baramulla. Information regarding the working conditions at workplace was collected by a self devised questionnaire which included questions regarding nature of work, facilities available, benefits provided and occupational health safety for women at workplace. The data obtained through questionnaire was consolidated, analyzed and interpreted through SPSS-20 as per the requirement using specific statistical tools. Tables were made in order to make the results transparent. It was found that most of the respondents finished their official work on time and did not carry any pending work to their home and  they were being provided by most of the necessary facilities at workplace but technically modern equipments, trainings or vocational programmes, child care centers at workplace were not yet available at maximum offices. They were also being provided with all the necessary employment benefits and they were not having any health problem associated with their working pattern. It indicates that in Kashmir division the overall conditions of work are favorable for working women.

[Sheema Mushtaq, Nilofer Khan, Mushtaq Ahmad Darzi. Working Conditions Of Women In Kashmir. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):20-24]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.04

Key-words: Work, Activity which is carried outside the home and for which an individual is paid.

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Arrival Sequence, Abundance and Host Plant Preference of the Apple Leaf Miner Lyonetia clerkella Linn. (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) in Kashmir

Samiullah Rather, Abdul A. Buhroo*

Section of Entomology, Postgraduate Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, India

*Corresponding author: abuhroo@yahoo.com

Abstract: Apple leaf miner Lyonetia clerkella is a key pest particularly in the late spring and early summer in Kashmir where it causes severe damage to the apple trees followed by heavy defoliation prior to harvest. This species overwinters in the adult stage from November onwards in the valley of Kashmir and the moths were seen active in April at the time of apple blossom. These moths lay eggs in the third week of April and the first larval mines make their appearance in the last week of April and continue to grow till the second week of May and the first generation was completed up to the 4^th week of May. During this period, abundance of mines was seen on the apple foliage. This species then produced five generations in a single year and the adult moths of the final brood overwintered in November. The pest completed its life cycle in about 35-60 days. However, the density of infestation rose to its peak from the first week of May till the 3^rd week of June (Mean of individuals per 10 trees, 27.4–78.6). Furthermore, it was observed that abundance of the pest declined steeply from the 3^rd week of June till the last week of November (Mean 50.2–4.1) after which no fresh mines were seen. The results also showed that apple was the most favorable host for this species with dominance coefficient of 84.70% as compared to other host trees.

[Rather S, Buhroo AA. Arrival Sequence, Abundance and Host Plant Preference of the Apple Leaf Miner Lyonetia clerkella Linn. (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) in Kashmir. Nat Sci 2015; 13(9):25-31]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.05

Keywords: Apple leaf miner; arrival sequence; abundance; host preference

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Evaluation of the Role of IL 18 in Diagnosis of HCC in critical Egyptian Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

Ahmed El Saady khayyal¹, Hany Haroon kaysar¹, Hisham Darwesh², Ahmed Alsherif ², Manal mohsen³ and Hosam Eldin M Salem⁴

¹Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

² Critical Care Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI)

³Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University

⁴Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University

drwesh123@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major type of primary liver cancer and it is one of the most frequent human malignant neoplasms. It is estimated to cause more than a quarter of a million deaths each year throughout the world. So, early diagnosis of HCC is the only hope for cure, as most patients have inoperable disease at time of diagnosis. The objective of this study is to assess the role of IL-18 in diagnosis of HCC in patients with chronic Hepatitis C. Method: 80 patients with chronic viral hepatitis and HCC divided into 2 equal groups; group I diagnosed as chronic hepatitis C and Group II diagnosed as HCC on top of post-viral chronic hepatitis C. All cases are subjected to full labs, Abdominal ultrasound, triphasic C.T. of the abdomen and determination of IL 18 level and AFP level. Result: Obtained results revealed that serum IL-18 level was significantly higher in patients with HCC than those with chronic liver disease. It was not correlated to either AFP level nor to any laboratory parameter. Also, it is not correlated to vascular invasion, number or size of the focal lesion. The efficacy of serum IL-18 level at cut-off value 7.25pg/mL was 84.6% with sensitivity 97% and specificity 100%. Conclusion: These results indicate that IL-18 was a good test for HCC diagnosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C and may be of value in diagnosis of patients with hepatic focal lesion with AFP less than diagnostic values.

[Ahmed El Saady khayyal, Hany Haroon kaysar, Hisham Darwesh, Ahmed Alsherif, Manal mohsen and Hosam Eldin M Salem. Evaluation of the Role of IL 18 in Diagnosis of HCC in critical Egyptian Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):32-36]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.06

Keywords: HCC, Chronic hepatitis C, IL 18.

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Legal juridical analysis of Article 154 of the new Penal Code about being power less of drunken people and addicted to drugs or psychotropic substances

Behrouz Avaz Nezhad¹, Dr. Hassan Hiydari ²

^1.  Department of Law, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, Iran

^2.  Department of law, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract: It is so late that Masloub Alaradgy as a factor influencing on the wisdom or authority and in the row factors such as dementia, Saker and coercion, as one of the causes of criminal responsibility and as an effective factor on punishment was expressed in the legal system and stated views about it. In Islamic law and jurisprudence, in particular the issue Masloub Alaradgy and its impact on individual s entitlement to criminal liability and punishment had precedents and special provisions regarding the consumption of alcohol and drunkenness caused it to be committed when the person was under its influence. From a legal standpoint when the crime impose to a person that the criminal is responsible. In the Iranian legal system, despite identification and recognition of drunkenness as a factor preventing criminal responsibility, dimensions and angles and how it affects on criminal responsibility for crimes committed is not so clear and criteria, standards and reference for identifying drunkenness are not known. Article 154 of the Penal Code, criminal liability of drunkenness and addict to psychotropic drugs has predicted in the new arrangements that if the person at the time of doing crime had intoxicated criminal responsibility was stripped off him, but if they are drinking alcoholics in order to carrying out the crime, the offender shall be sentenced to punishment for drinking alcohol. According to the concept of anti-matter, drinking alcohol can cause removal of criminal responsibility, but the penalty it will not be obstacle for implementation of legal penalty. The effects of damage to the will of the legislative authority and the power as a result of drunkenness and legal approach about the determination of criteria and diagnostic reference of identifying drunkenness, especial attention to the problems of Drugs and Psychotropic Substances is new and in general, to provide a comprehensive and exclusive regulation about drunken guilty.

[Behrouz Avaz Nezhad, Hassan Hiydari. Legal juridical analysis of Article 154 of the new Penal Codeabout being power less of drunken people and addicted to drugs or psychotropic substances. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):37-40]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.07

Keywords: drunk, alcohol, MslvbAlaradh, psychoactive drugs.

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Melanocortin Receptor Agonist (Corticotrophin) in Treatment of Proteinuric Nephropathies

El-Metwaly Lotfy El-Shahawy, Mohammed El-Sayed Salem, Sameh Bahgat Hannalla,, Hassan Galal Abdelsalam and Ahmed ezzat mansour

Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Qalubia, Egypt

Ahmedezzat297@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Treatment of idiopathic glomerular diseases often faces several challenges, namely low initial response, relapse of the disease during/after reduction or withdrawal of the therapy and side effects or prohibitive cost of the medicines. These have led to a research for second, third or fourth line therapies to attain sustained remission, at the same time avoiding complications. ACTH was employed many years ago for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in children and adults. It has been reappraised, due to its efficacy in reducing proteinuria and lipids in cases of glomerulonephritis resistant to conven­tional treatment with steroids and immunosuppressive. This effect has persisted for several patients many months after the discontinuation of treatment. ACTH has reemerged as a potential treatment option in a variety of glomerular diseases, including those which have initially shown a less than satisfactory response to the usual therapies in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Aim of the Work: is to evaluate different therapeutic modalities given to those patients and asses the response and efficacy of treatment and determine if the patient need treatment with ACTH as primary treatment or for resistant cases. Patients and Methods:. 77 patients presented with proteinuric nephropathies with no history of diabetes mellitus,chronic kidney disease and HCV were subjected to complete history taking, thorough clinical examinations, laboratory investigations, abdominal ultrasonography and they will be classified according to the pathology present in the renal biopsy into groups (minimal change nephropathy- membranous GN- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis- membranoproliferative GN-lupus nephritis stage III-IV-V-thrombotic microangiopathy) Each group was subdivided into three subgroups one group had received ACTH only-one group had received ACTH plus conventional therapy-and one group had received conventional therapy only –all groups had received non specific measures of reduction of proteinuria as ACEI or ARBS and statins. ACTH was given as intramuscular injection according to the body weight(8,3-30microgram/kg) twice weekly with most patients receive average 1 mg in dose as primary therapy- secondary therapy –as adjuvant therapy –and after failure of other immunosuppressives for resistant cases Results: 27 of 77 patients (35%) achieved a complete remission and 26 of 77 patients achieved partial remission (33%) total 68%. Of the 53 patients who achieved complete or partial remission, 12 had IMN, 14 had FSGS, and 8 had minimal change nephropathy and 13 patients with lupus nephritis 6 patients with MPGN. In IMN9 of 12 patients received ACTH either as monotherapy or as adjuvant therapy with response rate of 75% -5 patients were on ACTH only show remission rate 41% - 3patients were on conventional therapy show remission rate 25%.in FSGS 10 of 14 patients received ACTH either as monotherapy or as adjuvant therapy with response rate of 71% -4 patients were on ACTH only show remission rate 28% - 4 patients were on conventional therapy show remission rate 28%. In MCN 6 of 8 patients received ACTH either as monotherapy or as adjuvant therapy with response rate of 75% -3 patients were on ACTH only show remission rate 37% - 2 patients were on conventional therapy show remission rate 25%. In MPGN2 of 6 patients received ACTH either as monotherapy or as adjuvant therapy with response rate of 33% -2 patient was on ACTH only show remission rate 17 % - 4 patients were on conventional therapy show remission rate 66%. Conclusion: Synthetic ACTH can be used in treatment of proteinuric nephropathies as primary therapy especially in podocytopathies and in membranous nephropathy and as adjuvant therapy in lupus nephritis and in resistant cases after failure of other immunosuppresives

[El-Metwaly Lotfy El-Shahawy, Mohammed El-Sayed Salem, Sameh Bahgat Hannalla, Hassan Galal Abdelsalam and Ahmed Ezzat Mansour. Melanocortin Receptor Agonist (Corticotrophin) in Treatment of Proteinuric Nephropathies. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):41-49]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.08

Keywords: Melanocortin; Receptor Agonist; Corticotrophin; Proteinuric Nephropathies

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Relation between adverse risk and profit increase rate

Hamid Reza Ranjbar Jamalabadi¹, Mohsen Rezaee Shoroki² (corresponding author), Jalil Jalili³, Mohammad Javad Tohraei Nasrabadi⁴

^1. Department of Accounting, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

^2. PH.D student, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

^2.Department of Accounting, Imam Javad University college ,Yazd, Iran.

^3. Department of Accounting, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

^4. Department of financial Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: The manager should compare current personal interests with flexibility obtained by keeping cash fund reserves. In addition, the profit-seeking managers ought to measure the probability of increasing interests' ratio to expenditure coming from keeping more cash fund. Conservativeness in the field of accountancy has been criticized in many cases while other experts have upheld it. In the current study it is tried to scrutinizing the continuity of the profit growth and conservativeness in the field of accountancy. The project includes all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange except the investment companies, banks and insurance companies, which have the needed qualifications for the research. The sample includes 102 companies, selected by “omitting the systematic” method in 2008-2012. The method is multivariate regression. The research results shows the negative relation of continuity of the profit growth and conservativeness, which means the increase of conservativeness decreases the continuity of the profit growth.

[Hamid Reza Ranjbar Jamalabadi, Mohsen Rezaee Shoroki, Jalil Jalili, Mohammad Javad Tohraei Nasrabadi. Relation between adverse risk and profit increase rate. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):50-55]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.09

Keywords: increase, profit growth, adverse risk, cash

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Provide a model for determining the strategy level of orienting Khorramshahr port by Kaplan and Norton model

Mohammad Reza ozi¹, Dr. Mahmoud Gheitasvand²

^1.  Departmentof Business Management, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, iran

^2.  Departmentof Business Management, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad university, Abadan, iran

Abstract: Organizations to better control and more comprehensive planning strongly felt that requires to the evaluation system with a logical and systematic performance. The study "provides a model to determine the strategy level of orienting Khoramshahar Port by Kaplan and Norton model" that it under a conceptual model by using the balanced scorecard and performance evaluation and by using AHP an integrated and strategic performance evaluation system identifies quantitative and qualitative indicators to offer. The population of the research was staff of Khorramshahar. To collect data in the form of a Likert questionnaire was used. In this study,55 indicators in the balanced scorecard to assess various aspects of which were identified that among them by using a questionnaire and the Likert scale based on population sample size According to Morgan, 210 managers, employees and experts of Khorramshahr port were considered. The study showed that the addition of a model to assess the strategic level of orientation, thinking management of khorramshahar port is considered. They were not mentioned in the previous investigation. The study also provided suggestions at the end of the study.

[Mohammad Reza ozi, Mahmoud Gheitasvand. Provide a model for determining the strategy level of orienting Khorramshahr port by Kaplan and Norton model. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):56-62]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.10

Keywords: performance evaluation, balanced scorecard, effectiveness, Khorramshahr Port Authority

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Clinical evaluation of Direct Aperture Optimization in Head&Neck and Prostate IMRT treatment

Mohamed ElGohary¹, Gehan Kamal², Mohamed Galal³, Mahmoud Hosini⁴

^1. Biophysics department, Faculty of science, AlAzhar University

^2. Biophysics department, Faculty of science, AlAzhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt

^3. Radiation oncology department (NEMROK), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

^4. Radiation oncology department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

mhosini@ksu.edu.sa

Abstract: this study aims To investigate the planning and dosimetric advantages of direct aperture optimization (DAO) over beamlet optimization in IMRT treatment of head and neck (H/N) and prostate cancers. Five H/N as well as five prostate patients were planned using the beamlet optimizer in Elekta-Xio© ver 4.6 IMRT treatment planning system. Based on our experience in beamlet IMRT optimization, PTVs in H/N plans were prescribed to 70 Gy delivered by 7 fields. While prostate PTVs were prescribed to 76 Gy with 9 fields. In all plans, fields were set to be equally spaced. All cases were re-planed using Direct Aperture optimizer (DAO) in Prowess Panther© ver 5.01 IMRT planning system at same configurations and dose constraints. Plans were evaluated according to ICRU criteria, number of segments, number of monitor units and planning time. Results showed that; For H/N plans, the near maximum dose (D2) and the dose that covers 95% (D95) of PTV has improved by 4% in DAO. For organs at risk (OAR), DAO reduced the volume covered by 30% (V30) inspinal cord, right parotid, and left parotid by 60%, 54%, and 53% respectively. This considerable dosimetric quality improvement achieved using 25% less planning time and lower number of segments and monitor units by 46% and 51% respectively. In DAO prostate plans, Both D2 and D95 for the PTV were improved by only 2%. The V30 of right femur, left femur and bladder were improved by 35%, 15% and 3% respectively. On the contrary, the rectum V30 got even worse by 9%. However, number of monitor units, and number of segments decreased by 20% and 25% respectively. Moreover the planning time reduced significantly too.

[El Gohary M, Kamal G, Gala M, Hosini M. Clinical evaluation of Direct Aperture Optimization in Head&Neck and Prostate IMRT treatment. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):63-68]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.11

Key words: DAO, IMRT, Optimization, Prostate, Head & neck

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Impact of Global Warming on Irrigated Rice Production in the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea

Hossein Mohammadi¹, Fatemeh Rabbani^2,*, Dariush Mazaheri³, Ghasem Azizi⁴

^1. Prof., Dept. of Physical Geography, Tehran University, Iran; hmmohammadi@yahoo.com

^2. PhD Student, Dept. of Physical Geography, Tehran University, Iran

^3. Prof., Dept. of Agriculture, Tehran University, Iran; dmazaher@ut.ac.ir

^4. Associate prof., Dept. of Physical Geography, Tehran University, Iran; ghazizi@ut.ac.ir

^*Corresponding author: rabbani80sep@yahoo.com

Abstract: Agriculture and crop production is one of the factors which depend on the weather conditions and it provides the human requirements in many aspects. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of future global warming on irrigated rice using the Ceres-Rice model in the Southern Coast of Caspian Sea under three climate change scenarios of Sra1b, Sra2 and Srb1. Required data for include the meteorological, soil and crop management data. The meteorological data include the daily data of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, solar radiation and precipitation during 1981-2010 and Global Climate Models (HADCM3, ECHAM5, IPCM4, GFCM2, NCCCSM and INCM3) during 1971-2000. Soil and product management data provided from field experiment was conducted from 2008 to 2009 at the Rice Research Institute in Rasht. Results of evaluating of global climate models show that ECHAM5 model has the highest correlation with the lowest error to simulate the future climate. The prediction of temperature shows that minimum and maximum temperature will be ascending during the rice-growing season. Results of simulated irrigated rice yield and biomass base on scenarios of Sra1b, Sra2 and Srb1 show that rice crop yield and biomass will decrease with mean temperature rise.

[Hossein Mohammadi, Fatemeh Rabbani, Dariush Mazaheri, Ghasem Azizi. Impact of Global Warming on Irrigated Rice Production in the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):69-77]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.12

Keywords: Global warming; Irrigated rice; Ceres-Rice model; ECHAM5; Rasht

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The study of the status of customs offenses in the laws and legal provisions of Iran

Taleb pour Moghadam¹, Dr. Shapur Farhangpur ²

^1.  Department of Law, College Of Humanities, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, ahvaz, Iran

^2.  Department of Law, Bagmalek Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bagmalek, Iran

Abstract: Customs offenses as an example of economic crimes can have a negative effect on a country's economy and also can disrupt the safety and security of society which are the most important elements of growth and sustainable development (by document to paragraph (b) of Article 109 and Article 36 of the Penal Code). And also have a decreasing effect on investment, domestic production and employment. Committing these offenses may be due to the country's foreign trade policies, or misused by officials and employees of the Customs Department Sometimes it is due to the failure of the laws and customs Or violations and abuses macro and opportunistic criminals, And even sometimes it is done by people who intentionally commit a crime behind such legislation and intellectual actors. What was achieved in this research is that dating of formulation of laws about customs offenses in Iran comeback to one hundred years ago. The legislator has relied primarily on goods seized, but after a decade, put the jail along with other penalties. Actually the regulatory approach of legislator has been more toward penalties. But contrary to this topic, Use institutions such as suspension, commutation of sentence and release their conditions are reasons for short attentions of legislator to teachings and criminological studies.

[Taleb pour Moghadam. Shapur Farhangpur. The study of the status of customs offenses in the laws and legal provisions of Iran. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):78-82]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.13

Keywords: Customs, customs offenses, the legislator

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A Review: Prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) & novel treatment

El Metwally Lotfy, Mohammed El sayed, Sameh Bhagat, Ashraf Talaat and Shimaa Salah

Nephrology unit, Internal Medicine Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

Shimaasalah1986@gmail.com

Abstract: CKD is a common disorder and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Early diagnosis could permit early intervention to reduce the risks of cardiovascular events, kidney failure, and death which associated with chronic kidney disease. The progression of established CKD is variable and depends on several risk factors or markers. Non modifiable factors include genetics, race, age, and sex. The modifiable factors include systemic hypertension, Proteinuria, Metabolic factors (The Diabetes Control, hyperlipidaemia, hyperuricaemia, obesity). Primary prevention will rely on controlling the global epidemic of obesity and associated type 2 diabetes as well as hypertension, Lifestyle modifications. Secondary prevention of progression. In patients with established CKD, there is a wide range of interventions that offer the possibility of slowing progression.

[El Metwally Lotfy, Mohammed El sayed, Sameh Bhagat, Ashraf Talaat and Shimaa Salah. Prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) & novel treatment. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):83-95]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130915.14

Keywords: CKD, Aldosterone blockers, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Angiotensin receptor blockers, Directn renin inhibitors, Endothelin receptor blockers.

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Mechanical Stabilization of a Migmatitic - Gneiss Derived Soil from Shao near Ilorin

Olubunmi Oluwadare OWOYEMI and Gabriel Oladapo ADEYEMI

Department of Geology university of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

E mail,: lade.owoyemi@gmail.com, adedapodrngus@yahoo.com

Abstract: Samples of a migmatitic-gneiss derived lateritic soil taken from Shao were stabilized with the soil developed over sandstone from Mokwa with a view to assessing the effectiveness, or otherwise, of the mechanical stabilization. Geological mapping and sampling of rock and soil were executed to confirm the names of the rocks. Classification and California Bearing (CBR) tests were carried out by following standard procedures which were modified to take care of peculiar characteristics of lateritic soils. Grain size distribution and plasticity of the two sets of soils confirmed that the soil developed over sandstone had better geotechnical properties than migmatitic-gneiss derived soil. Sandstone - derived soil samples were thus utilized for stabilization of the soil developed over migmatitic-gneiss using percentage by volume. Equation y=0.59x + 42 was established from the plot of unsoaked CBR(y) against volume of stabiliser (x). The optimum amount of the stabilizer was found to be 30% by volume. The stabilized soil samples were adjudged to be good as highway sub-base material.

[Olubunmi Oluwadare OWOYEMI and Gabriel Oladapo ADEYEMI. Mechanical Stabilization of a Migmatitic - Gneiss Derived Soil from Shao near Ilorin. Nat Sci 2015;13(9):96-101]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15

Key words: California Bearing Ratio, Compaction, Lateritic soil, Mechanical stabilization, Migmatitic gneiss, Plasticity Index, Grain size distribution, Stabilizer

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