No.

Titles / Authors

Full

Text

No.

1

Application of Multi Criteria Analysis Technique in Surface Water Quality Management

M.A. Reda^1,2 P. H.S. Riad², H.A. El Gammal³, M.M. Nour El Deen² and A.A.M. Khalifa¹

¹Greater Cairo Water Company, Cairo, Egypt

²Irrigation and Hydraulic Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

³National Water Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Cairo, Egypt

mohamedahmedreda@yahoo.com

Abstract: The population growth, economic development, with the consequent anthropogenic activities in Egypt and global climate change pose to reduce the quality trends of surface water resources. The limited amounts of rainfall make the country dependent mainly on the Nile River. The management of river water quality is a major environmental challenge. Cairo, sits on the River Nile south of the Mediterranean Sea, just upstream of the point where the river widens into the Delta. Cairo has an average reach length along the river about 50 km (from Km 900 to km 950 Referenced to Aswan High Dam). This research study area covers Cairo governorate along the River Nile, bounded by El Saff town at Km 877.00 from the South and El Kanater town at Km 953.00 from the North. This area is of particular importance in the study of surface water quality because; industrial and municipal wastes, agricultural and run-off from developing areas were mixing with river flow and surrounding water body thereby deteriorating the water quality. This study mainly aims to develop a framework based on Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) for management water quality upstream Cairo drinking plants and control the pollution sources. The collected data were utilized in three phases of analysis. In the first phase water quality indices (WQIs) were calculated using Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI). In the second phase, mathematical model (MIKE11 model) developed by Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI), Denmark) was formulated to simulate WQ parameter. This model was calibrated and used to simulate different scenarios to improve study reach water quality. In the third phase, an integrated evaluation framework is developed using analytical hierarchy process of MCA that takes four indicators into account; technical, environmental, economical and socio-community for evaluation and ranking various water quality management scenarios. The developed MCA framework shows that there is significant value of such framework in providing information and input for different decision-making levels. MCA results for different scenarios showed that the water quality management scenario focusing on treatment of DWPs sludge is the most convenient scenario.

[M.A. Reda, P.H.S. Riad, H.A. El Gammal, M. M. Nour El Deen and A. A. M. Khalifa. Application of Multi Criteria Analysis Technique in Surface Water Quality Management. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):1-12]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.01

Keywords: Surface Water, CWQI, MIKE 11, Drinking Water Plants, MCA.

Full Text

1

2

Study of CD4+CD28 null T cells and its relation to atherosclerosis in Chronic Kidney Disease patients (CD4+CD28 null T cells in CKD)

Ahmed Rabie El Arbagy, Mahmoud Abd El-Aziz Koraˡ, Hany Said Elbrbaryˡ, Gehan Abd El-Fatah Tawfeek², Amera Abd El Hameed Sharaf El Deenˡ

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University.

² Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University.

Amerasharaf1986@yahoo.com, HanyElbarbary2004@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), whether starting HD or not is associated with a sharp increase in the risk for cardiovascular disease, which can only be partially explained by known classical risk factors. However, chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are key events in the development of atherosclerosis; both are observed in CKD and HD patients. A unique cytotoxic CD4+T cell population has been identified, which can be recognized by the loss of the costimulatory cell surface marker CD28, hence their name CD4+ CD28 null T cells. These cells are highly proinflammatory. Aims: The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of CD4+CD28 null T Helper cells and its relation to atherosclerosis in CKD patients not starting HD and Patients on regular HD for more than 6 months. Materials and Methods: CD4+CD28null T Helper Cells were measured in the blood samples of 60 CKD patients (30 CKD patients not start HD (Group ΙΙ) and 30 CKD patients on regular HD more than six months (Group ΙΙΙ) and in comparison with 30 control subjects (Group Ι) (Control Group). Results: The mean value of CD4+CD28null T cells in the control group (1.5±0.49), the mean value in the CKD predialysis group (6.3±1.1) and The mean value in the CKD on HD group (7.5±3.7), thus The mean values of CD4+CD28null T cells in both CKD predialysis and CKD on HD groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P1<0.001, P2<0.001), and The mean value of CD4+CD28null T cells in the CKD on HD was higher than that of CKD predialysis group, but there was no significant difference between CKD predialysis and CKD on HD groups (P3=0.25). Conclusions: CKD patients exhibit an increase in the circulating cytotoxic CD4 +CD28 null T lymphocyte population. CD4+CD28null T cells cell expansion correlated with preclinical atherosclerotic changes. There was an independent association between CD4+CD28 null T cells, age, hsCRP and IMT among CKD (predialysis, and on regular HD).

[Ahmed Rabie El Arbagy, Mahmoud Abd El-Aziz Kora, Hany Said Elbrbary, Gehan Abd El-Fatah Tawfeek, Amera Abd El Hameed Sharaf El Deen. Study of CD4+CD28 null T cells and its relation to atherosclerosis in Chronic Kidney Disease patients (CD4+CD28 null T cells in CKD). Nat Sci 2015;13(6):13-21]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.02

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, CIMT, CD4+ CD 28 null T cell, CKD (predialysis or on regular HD).

Full Text

2

3

Impacts of Omega- 3 Fatty Acids on the Age Related Changes in the Submandibular Salivary Glands of Albino Old Rats

Aml Aljayer¹, Dalia El-Baz² and Maha Bashir³

[1] Demonstrator of Oral Biology of Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine Aljab Algarbi University – Libya

2 Assistant Professor of Oral Biology Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine Cairo University

3 Professor of Oral Biology Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine Cairo University

d.oralbiology@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: The present study has been designed to evaluate the histological effects of the daily consumption of omega-3 on submandibular salivary gland of old rats. Material & methods: Forty old white male rats (12-15 month age old), weighing 300 to 350gs, were used in this study. The rats were divided into two groups (20 rats/each). Control group where rats did not receive any dietary supplement. Experimental group where rats received omega-3 (60 mg/Kg) twice daily for three months through intra- gastric intubation. All rats were sacrificed after three months. Soft tissue specimens were obtained from submandibular salivary gland of the rats in all the studied groups. The sections were examined histologically and ultra-structurally. Results: Histopathological changes observed in control group included; distortion and decrease in the overall size of the acini and granular convoluted tubules increase in the amount of fatty tissue, fibrous tissue and inflammatory cell infiltration. In experimental group, the acini and ducts appeared nearly normal and there was marked decrease in the inflammatory cell infiltration. Electron microscopic examination of the control group revealed cytoplasmic vacuolization in acini and ducts, degenerated organelles and pyknotic nuclei. In experimental group, the acini and ducts appeared nearly normal in size, shape and structure. Conclusion: Omega-3 showed significant improvement in many age related changes of submandibular salivary gland.

[Aml Aljayer, Dalia El-Baz and Maha Bashir. Impacts of Omega- 3 Fatty Acids on the Age Related Changes in the Submandibular Salivary Glands of Albino Old Rats. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):22-28]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.03

Key words: Omega-3, Aging, Submandibular salivary gland

Full Text

3

4

Yarsa Gambu: The Changing Business Scenario of Rang Society

Rakesh Singh Phakaliyal¹, Shobha Rawat²*

¹ Department of History, Kumaun University, S.S.J. Campus, Almora

² Department of Botany, Kumaun University, S.S.J. Campus Almora

*Corresponding author e-mail – shobharawat1981@gmail.com

Mob. – 09450369320, 9450675466

Abstract- Animal husbendry, agriculture, trade, manufacture of various crafts, tourism and woolen garments etc have been the major source of livelihood of the tribals of Rang Society. But the one business, which has arisen out of exploitation of the Yarsaa-gambu in the high snow covered areas of Dharchula, has completely changed the situation. This has become alternative to all other for the people of the region. Their conventional source of earnings have become secondary and in fact started depleting. The new business is giving very high returns with much less labor input and hardship. Earlier the people of the area had to struggle hard for 6 months to earn livelihood for the year now this new business is giving them very high returns in 3 months only which is more than adequate for the entire year. On one hand this new business arising out of Yarsaa-gambu exploitation in the region has made their life better and easy but at the same time because of large scale human activities engaged in exploitation of the Yarsaa-gambu in the entire alpine region, has affected the environment adversely. It is, therefore, considered important that the people of the area should realize that they should take all possible measures to protect the nature.

[Rakesh Singh Phakaliyal, Shobha Rawat. Yarsa Gambu: The Changing Business Scenario of Rang Society. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):29-33]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.04

Keywords: Scheduled Tribe, Rung Society, Yarsa gambu, Uttrakhand

Full Text

4

5

The distribution of particulate matter and its impact on air pollution

Mahdi Ojaghi¹, Mahmoud Ojaghi², Ziba Beheshti³, Mohammad hossein Mohammadi ashnani⁴

^1. MSc in Planning, management & training of Environment, Faculty of Environment, Tehran University.

^2. BSc in Applied chemistry, Chemistry faculty, Maragheh payame Noor University.

^3. MSc in Assessment and Land Use Planning, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Islamic Azad University, Tehran

^4. MSc in Planning, management & training of Environment, Tehran University

Abstract: Air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the world's worst toxic pollution problems. The dispersion of air pollutants is mainly governed by wind field and depends on the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) dynamics. Accurate representation of the meteorological weather fields would improve the dispersion assessments. In urban areas representation of wind around the obstacles is not possible for the pollution dispersion studies using Gaussian based modeling studies. It is widely accepted that computational fluid dynamics tools would provide reasonably good solution to produce the wind fields around the complex structures and other land scale elements. By keeping in view of the requirement for the micro-scale dispersion, a commercial CFD model with PANEPR developed is implemented to study the micro-scale dispersion of air pollution over an urban setup at India Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, a coastal station in the east coast of India under stable atmospheric conditions. Various pollution dispersion scenarios are developed using hypothetical emission inventory during stably stratified conditions to understand the micro-scale dispersion over different locations of coastal urban set up. Meso-scale module of the PANACHE model is integrated with the data generated at the site by IGCAR under RRE (Round Robin Exercise) program to develop the flow fields. Using this flow fields, model is integrated to study the micro-scale dispersion.

[Mahdi Ojaghi, Mahmoud Ojaghi, Ziba Beheshti, Mohammad hossein Mohammadi ashnani. The distribution of particulate matter and its impact on air pollution. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):34-38]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.05

Keywords: Dispersion, Air pollution, Computational fluid dynamics

Full Text

5

6

Investigation cognitive effects of drug addiction

Shabnam Birjandi

M. A. in Clinical Psychology

Abstract: The objective of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature on risk factors that are associated with Methamphetamine (MA) use among youth. More than 40 electronic databases, websites, and key journals/meeting abstracts were searched. Methamphetamine is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile associated with increased acute and chronic toxicities. We included studies that compared children and adolescents who used MA to those who did not. Among low-risk youth, a history of engaging in a variety of risky behaviors was significantly associated with MA use. A history of a psychiatric disorder was a risk factor for MA for both low- and high-risk youth. Family environment was also associated with MA use. One reviewer extracted the data and a second checked for completeness and accuracy. For discrete risk factors, odds ratios (OR) were calculated and when appropriate, a pooled OR with 95% confidence intervals was calculated. Future research should utilize prospective study designs so that temporal relationships between risk factors and MA use can be established. Twelve studies were included. Female sex was also significantly associated with MA use. Many of the included studies were cross-sectional making it difficult to assess causation.

[Shabnam Birjandi. Investigation cognitive effects of drug addiction. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):39-44]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.06

Keywords: Methamphetamine, drug addiction, cognitive effects

Full Text

6

7

Study of B2 Glycoprotein I antibodies In HIV seropositive patients on hemodialysis

Fathy G. Abd El Razek¹, Ezzat A. Eletreby¹, Mahmoud A. EL Sayed¹, Mahmoud Haddad Hemida¹, Mahmoud Abd El Rasheed¹, Hosam El Deen Salah Shabana¹, Mohamed S. Elshorbagy² and Mostafa ELhawary³

Departments of ¹Internal Medicine, ²Clinical Pathology and Tropical Medicine,³ Faculty of Medicine, EL Azhar University, Egypt. hemida2010@yahoo.com

Abstract: There is increasing evidence that infection with HIV may be associated with a hyper-coagulate state. In our study we assessed the frequency of anti-b2 glycoprotein I antibodies and its possible relation to thrombotic complications including vascular access dysfunction in HIV seropositive patients in a sample of Egyptian patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative treatment or regular hemodialysis. This study conducted on forty patients with seropositive HIV antibodies randomly selected from HIV and nephrology departments of Abbassia fever hospital. Ten healthy control subjects were involved. The included patients and controls were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group 1: 10 healthy control subjects. Group 2: 20 patients with sero-positive HIV antibodies. Group 3: 10 HIV patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative treatment. Group 4: 10 HIV patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. All patients and controls were subjected to the following: A detailed history taking and full clinical examination, CBC, ESR, CRP, B2GpI antibodies (IgM and IgG), BUN, serum creatinine, serum Na, Serum K, Serum Po₄, Serum albumin, total proteins, AST, ALT, coagulation Profile (PT, PTT, INR) and assessment of the fistula flow by Doppler ultrasound. Results of serum B2GPI IgG and IgM in patients groups and control subjects showed that, both B2GP1 I gG and IgM showed an increase in serum of patients groups, the statistical analysis revealed a non-significant difference between all the included groups and controls. Conclusion: Based on the recorded clinical and biochemical data, the frequency of anti-b2 glycoprotein I antibodies and its possible relation to thrombotic complications including vascular access dysfunction in the included HIV seropositive patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative treatment or regular hemodialysis cannot be efficiently elaborated.

[Fathy Ghamry Abd El Razek, Ezzat Abd El Rahman Eletreby, Mahmoud Afifi EL Sayed, Mahmoud Haddad Hemida, Mahmoud Abd El Rasheed, Hosam El Deen Salah Shabana, Mohamed Said Elshorbagy and Mostafa ELhawary. Study of B2 Glycoprotein I antibodies In HIV seropositive patients on hemodialysis. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):45-51]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.07

Keywords: Haemodialysis, HIV, b2 glycoprotein antibodies, chronic kidney disease.

Full Text

7

8

Ethnomedical Botanical Survey in Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), Nepal

Suraj Raj Adhikari, Kusum Pokhrel

Paluwa Nepal, Kaski, Bharat Pokhari

Abstract: A survey on ethno-medicine was conducted in Annapurna Conservation Area to document the indigenous knowledge on medical practice of plant resources. Local people having good knowledge on use of plants were consulted during field to explore medicinal plants. In present study, 24 species of medicinal plants were identified. The collected plants were used against 18 diseases; 9 species were used against fever; 7 species for cold and cough; 6 species for cuts and wounds and few plants were even used for some critical disease like paralysis.

[Suraj Raj Adhikari, Kusum Pokhrel. Ethnomedical Botanical Survey in Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), Nepal. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):52-54]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.08

Keywords: ethno-medicine, indigenous knowledge, traditional medical practice and paralysis.

Full Text

8

9

Risk assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on edible fish (Scomberomorus commerson and Parastromateus niger) in Persian Gulf

Zeynab Sabounchi¹, Dr. Hassan Hoveidi², Dr. Saeed Kardar³

^1.  MSc of Environmental pollution, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Damavand, Iran

^2.  Assistant Professor in Environmental Planning, Department of Environmental Planning and Management, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

^3.  Assistant Professor in Environmental engineering, Faculty member of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Damavand, Iran

Abstract: Background and purpose: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to their high toxicity are known as priorities of organic compounds pollution in the world which are considered as indicators of pollution. Due to the presence of oil wells in the Persian Gulf, these compounds are considered as one of the sources of pollution. These compounds are pollutants of soil and water ecosystems and are very dangerous and life threatening for fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate 16 combinations of PAHs (pollutants of petroleum compounds index) for Scomberomorus commerson and Parastromateus niger in Persian Gulf. Material and Methods: PAHs: In edible samples, Scomberomorus commerson and Parastromateus niger fishing from the northern part of the Persian Gulf (Bushehr Province) were evaluated using gas chromatography (GC-FID). Findings: Total concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Scomberomorus commerson was 275 mg/g of fish dry weight and in Parastromateus niger was 180 mg/g of fish dry weight. Origin of both of them was from oil. Conclusion: The total concentration of carcinogen (PEC) for PAHs in Scomberomorus commerson and Parastromateus niger were 42.76 and 26.76, respectively.

[Zeynab Sabounchi, Hassan Hoveidi, Saeed Kardar. Risk assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on edible fish (Scomberomorus commerson and Parastromateus niger) in Persian Gulf. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):55-61]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.09

Keywords: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), fish, Persian Gulf

Full Text

9

10

Effects of L- Ascorbic acid and α –Tocopherol and co-administration on Serums Lipid Profile and Liver Enzymes on High Fat Diet – Induced Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats.

^{1 *}Y. Tanko, ¹T.S Olaleye, ¹K.A. Mohammed, ¹A. Jimoh, ¹M.A. Dewu, ² M.K. Dallatu, ³M. Yerima, ¹A. Mohammed

¹Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

³Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Emails: yusuftanko@abu.edu.ng, yusuftanko@yahoo.com

Tel: +234-8037054274

Abstract: The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of L- Ascorbic acid and α –Tocopherol and co-administrations on high fat diet induced diabetes mellitus on serums lipid profile and liver enzymes on Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by administration of high fat diet 10 % Groundnut oil, 20 % Groundnut mill and 2 % cholesterol eight weeks. After which the animals were randomly assigned into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group I served negative control were administered 1ml distilled water. Group II were administered 100 mg/kg L- Ascorbic acid. Group III were administered 10 mg/kg α –Tocopherol. Group IV were co- administered 100 mg/kg, L- Ascorbic acid and 10 mg/kg α –Tocopherol respectively. Group V administered Glibenclimide 1 mg/kg served as positive control.. All treatments were given orally for a period of four weeks. The results obtained showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein in in groups administered 100 mg/kg L- Ascorbic acid, 10 mg/kg α –Tocopherol and co-administration when compared with the control group. However, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the serum level of high density lipoprotein in the groups administered 100 mg/kg L- Ascorbic acid, 10 mg/kg α –Tocopherol and co-administration when compared with the control group. In relation to the liver enzymes, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the serum levels of aspatate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase when compared to control group. As regard to glibenclimide there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) when compared with the control. In conclusion the ability of L- Ascorbic acid and α –Tocopherol administrations to high fat diet induced insulin resistance type II diabetic in Wistar Rats, significantly decrease the serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, aspatate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatise. Also a significant increase in the serum level of high density lipoprotein.

[Y. Tanko, T.S Olaleye, K.A. Mohammed, A. Jimoh, M.A. Dewu, M.K. Dallatu and M. Yerima A. Mohammed. Effects of L- Ascorbic acid and α –Tocopherol and co-administration on Serums Lipid Profile and Liver Enzymes on High Fat Diet – Induced Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):62-68]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.10

Keywords: L- Ascorbic acid, α –Tocopherol, High fat diet, Liver enzymes, Lipid profile.

Full Text

10

11

Endometrial Biopsy with Pipelle Versus Diagnostic Dilatation And Curettage In Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Mona Al Sayed Elkafrawy¹; Shaimaa Sh. Abu Seadah² and Samah M. Attiah³

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University for Girls, Cairo, Egypt

²Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University for Girls, Cairo, Egypt

isia992018@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background and Objectives: This study was done to compare endometrial sampling by pipelle endometrial curette with endometrial sampling by curettage (D& C) in patient with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: Sampling from the endometrial with pipelle curette was performed on fifty patients followed by D&C endometrial biopsy under general anesthesia both samples were sent to a histopathologest who was blinded as to the method of sampling. The histopathology reports of results of both samples were compared. Results: This study was done on fifty patients, six with endometrial hyperplasia (12%), five patients with hyperplasia with atypia (10%) and one of them with endometrial carcenoma (2%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the samples were taken by pipelle was 100% for diagnosing endometrial carcinoma, hyperplasia and secretory endometrium. For endometrial hyperplasia with atypia the sample had 100% sensitivity, negative predictive value, and 98% specificity. While in endometritis pipelle had low sensitivity and positive predictive value about (57%) but high specificity and negative predictive value (97%). Also similarly for proliferative endometrium, the pipelle device had (94%) and (93%) for sensitivity, specificity respectively. No statistically difference between pipelle and D&C in diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding by histopathological examination. Conclusion: The pipelle is a safe technique of endometrial biopsy for getting an adequate endometrial sample for histopathology, with high sensitivity and specificity for endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcenoma.

[Mona Al Sayed Elkafrawy; Shaimaa Sh. Abu Seadah and Samah M. Attiah. Endometrial Biopsy with Pipelle Versus Diagnostic Dilatation And Curettage In Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):69-74]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.11

Keywords: abnormal uterine bleeding – curettage, endometrial sampling, pipelle, uterine bleeding.

Full Text

11

12

Secretion of glucagon- like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in type 2 diabetic patients: Study of its relation to glucose lowering effect of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors.

Atef Ahmed Ebraheem¹, Mohammed Shawky El-Sayed¹, Roshdy Khalf Allah¹, Khaled Mostafa Belal², Rizk Sayad Rizk Sarhan¹

² Clinical pathology ¹Internal Medicine derpatment, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Qalubia, Egypt

Zumma1978@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: (1) Th aims of this study are to investigate the glycemic efficy and predictive parameters of DPP IV inhibitors therapy in Egyptian subjects with type 2 diabetes. (2) Investigate the level and the determinants that affect the secretion of glucagone like peptide-1(GLP-1) in Type2 diabetic patients. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 70 type 2 diabetes patients【35 males & 35 females】under known antidiabetic drugs, Their ages range was (30-63y) and average mean (46.31±10.75 y), as well as 20 apparently healthy subject's volunteers served as control 【12 males & 8 females】with age range (28-50y) and SD (37.40±5.04 y). DPP-4 inhibitors were added to every patient after the start of the study. The patients were followed at monthly interval for 3 months after the beginning of DPP-4 inhibitors therapy. Results: GLP-1 levels were significantly decreased in DM subjects compared to controls (261.33± 9.37 vs.75.48 ± 20.81pg/mL, p<0.001) and it was negatively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), DM duration, glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C %), fasting and 2 hour postprandial plasma glucose (FPPG, 2HPPG) and positively with plasma C-peptide level in all studied groups. Dpp-IV inhibitors significantly improved hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels over 3 months. Th changes in HbA1c levels (ΔHbA1c) at month 3 were -3.97% (P<0.000). We investigated characteristics associated with the efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes. We reviewed medical records of 70 patients who had taken DPP4i for 3 months. Response to Dpp-IV inhibitors was evaluated with HbA1c change after therapy.The Student's t-test between Responders (R: HbA1 c ≤7 .0%) and Non-Responders (NR: HbA1 c > 7%), a correlation analysis among clinical parameters, and a linear multivariate regressionanalysis were performed. The mean age was 46.31±10.75 yr, duration of diabetes 11 y rand HbA1c was 10.77%. Baseline C-peptide and GLP-1 were significantly higher in the R compared to the NR while age, BMI and DM duration were lower. DM duration, FPG, HbA1c, C-peptide and GLP-1were significantly correlated with HbA1c.In the multivariate analysis, only DM duration (P<0.02) was found to be an independent variable that could predict therapeutic efficacy of DPP-IV inhibitors as an addontherapy. Coclusion: In EgyptianT2DM subjects, DPP4i responders had lower BMI, shorter DM duration and were younger compared to non-resp. DPP4i was effctive when it was used in subjects with poor glycemic control.

[Atef Ahmed Ebraheem^, Mohammed Shawky El-Sayed, Roshdy Khalf Allah, Khaled Mostafa Belal, Rizk Sayad Rizk Sarhan. Secretion of glucagon- like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in type 2diabetic patients: Study of its relation to glucose lowering effect of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):75-87]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.12

Key words: glucagon- like peptide-1, Type2 DM, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, GLP-1 level, incretin hormone, incretin based therapy.

Full Text

12

13

Varietal Response of Sugarcane Cultivars against the Chilo infuscatellus (Pyralidae, Lepidoptera)

Shahbaz Ahmad

Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, 59540

Corresponding Address: Shahbaz.iags@pu.edu.pk

Abstract: Study was conducted to screen out the fifteen sugarcane cultivars with an objective to assess the varietal response against the Chilo infuscatellus. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block designed (RCBD) with three replication. It is evident from the results that the US-394 showed maximum pest infestation (21.90%) while NSG-555 and (21.60%) showed significantly different from other varieties BL-4, US-162, US-394, L-116 and CP-77-400. The variety US-718 showed minimum infestation (15.49%) after US-133 and US-676 with (15.59) and (16.46%). The variety CPF-237 showed (17.81%) which significantly different from US-312, US-1491, US-824 and CPF-246 respectively. The Host Plant Susceptible indices (HPSIs) showed that CPF-237 showed maximum HPSIs (13%) and proved susceptible whereas all the other varieties showed equal response each with 11% HPSIs. The variety US-718 showed minimum HPSIs (10%). It concluded that most of the varieties of sugarcane showed equal response towards population of Chilo infuscatellus except CPF-237 that showed maximum HPSIs (13%).

[Shahbaz Ahmad. Varietal Response of Sugarcane Cultivars against the Chilo infuscatellus (Pyralidae, Lepidoptera). Nat Sci 2015;13(6):88-92]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.13

Keywords: Sugarcane, Cultivars, Chilo infuscatellus, Lepidoptera

Full Text

13

14

Review on Roles of Veterinary Services in Food Safety of Animal Origin in Ethiopia

Tadesse Birhanu ^1*, Mesfin Tesfaye¹ and Eyasu Ejeta ²

¹School of Veterinary Medicine, Collage of Medical and Health Science, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia

²Departement of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia

*Corresponding author: drbirhan@yahoo.com

Abstract: Veterinary Service is a service which is provided by the veterinarians (governmental and private) under the World Organization for Animal Health, Terestrial Animal Health Code with the aim of controlling and preventing animal disease including Zoonosis and keeping animal welfare. The production of safe animal products that will in turn protect the consumer requires the integration of all processes of production from the farm, through slaughtering, primary and secondary processing, storage, distribution, sale, cooking and serving of food in hygienic manners. The public health threats arising from animal products are presently international issues as a result of global trades. Therefore, Veterinarians have a various roles in the production of safe food of animal origin starting from the farm to fork in hygienic manner. However, the service is not well established in developing countries especially Ethiopia so that there is lack of documentation on this regard. This seminar is aimed to review the roles and responsibilities of veterinary service in production of safe food of animal origin. Thus, both the professionals and government should have to cooperate in order to improve animal and public health.

[Tadesse Birhanu, Mesfin Tesfaye and Eyasu Ejeta. Review on Roles of Veterinary Services in Food Safety of Animal Origin in Ethiopia. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):93-99]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.14

Key words: Animal Health, Animal Products, Ethiopia, Foods of Animal Origin, Public Health, Veterinarians

Full Text

14

15

Effect of different packaging materials on storage life of fresh coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) leaves

Amit Baran Sharangi¹*, Sagarika Guha¹, Ivi Chakrabarty²

¹Department of Spices and Plantation Crops, ²Department of Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops,Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra KrishiViswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252, Nadia, West Bengal, INDIA

Corresponding author: dr_absharangi@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Fresh culinary herbs are one of the fastest growing markets for gourmet production on a world wide scale. Some herbs are sold fresh rather than dry because they do not retain their flavor when dried. Coriander (Coriandrumsativum L.) plant is an important aromatic culinary herb. A study was carried out during two successive summer seasons 2010 and 2011, at the laboratory of Spices and Plantation Crops as well as that of the Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, in BCKV (Agricultural University), Mohanpur, West Bengal (India). This study aimed to investigate the effect of room and refrigerated temperatures as well as different packaging materials on the storage life of fresh coriander leaf and the changes that took place during storage till it remained to be marketable as fresh. Freshly harvested coriander leaves were packed in seven different packaging materials (brown paper packet, news paper packet, laminated paper packet, A4 poly packet, A5 poly packet, box with leaf cushioning including one control i.e. no packaging material) and were stored at room and refrigerated conditions. From visual observation, it may be concluded that coriander leaves packed in laminated paper packet and A5 poly packet remained marketable up to 10 days in storage at ambient condition. However under refrigerated condition, leaves showed high degree of marketability up to 10 DAS and medium marketability up to 12 DAS with laminated paper packet (T3), A4 poly packet (T4), A5 poly packet (T5) and box with leaf cushioning (T6) treatments.

[Sharangi AB, Guha S, Chakrabarty I. Effect of different packaging materials on storage life of fresh coriander leaves. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):100-108]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.15

Key words: Coriander, Coriandrum sativum, herb, leaf, storage, packaging

Full Text

15

16

Geochemical and petrological characteristics of the high-Fe basalts from the Northern Eastern Desert, Egypt: Abrupt transition from tholeiitic to mildly alkaline flow-derived basalts

Hatem M. El-Desoky ¹, Ahmed E. Khalil ², Atef A. Afifi ³

¹ Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

² Department of Geology, National Research Center, Egypt

³ Senior Researcher, Quarry Management, Cairo Governorate, Egypt

hatem_eldesoky@yahoo.com

Abstract: The Tertiary volcanism associated with continental rifting to the North Eastern Desert constitute a distinct anorogenic igneous rift assemblage of volcanic activity and is a part of widespread Phanerozoic igneous suites extending from the Nile Valley eastwards to the Gulf of Suez, and between Cairo-Suez railway and Cairo-Sukhna roads. The Mid Tertiary Volcanics occur as well-exposed extrusive sheets capping hills of Oligocene sands and gravels. Flow sheet shaped outcrops of within plate tholeiitic alkali basalts characterize the studied basaltic rocks. Geochemical data indicate that the basaltic rocks divided into three distinct varieties; alkaline basalts, sub-alkaline basalts, and tholeiitic basalts. Geochemically these basalts are alkaline to subalkaline. The alkaline character is confirmed by the discrimination P₂O₅ versus Zr and (Na₂O+K₂O) versus SiO₂ diagrams. Various discrimination diagrams of Zr/Y versus Ti/Y, Ti versus Zr and Zr versus Zr/Y confirm the within plate character of basalts. The tholeiitic nature is evident from FeO^t - (Na₂O + K₂O) – MgO and Al, (Fe_(total) +Ti) and Mg plots. A slight negative Nb anomaly is present indicating characteristic continental tholeiite. They show depletion of Ni and Nb (ranges from 24 to 150 ppm and 10 to 127 ppm respectively). Regional geology and small negative Nb anomaly in the basaltic volcanic geochemistry suggest they were deposited in a stable continental Gulf of Suez rift environment. The geochemical characteristics of the basaltic rocks to most likely reflect variations in source characteristics, together with minor crustal contamination, rather than the process of volcanic-arc magmatism. The basaltic rocks represent fractional crystallization of olivine from a low-Mg basaltic magma. Compatible and incompatible trace element modelling suggests that all three-rock types probably originated from a lherzolite mantle source. Basaltic volcanism in the Northern Eastern Desert, Egypt underwent an abrupt change from low-K tholeiitic basalt and ferrobasalt to alkaline basalts.

Hatem M. El-Desoky, Ahmed E. Khalil and Atef A. Afifi. Geochemical and petrological characteristics of the high-Fe basalts from the Northern Eastern Desert, Egypt: Abrupt transition from tholeiitic to mildly alkaline flow-derived basalts. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):109-132]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.16

Keywords: Geochemistry, petrology, high-Fe basalts, Tertiary volcanism, Egypt

Full Text

16

17

Studies on callus induction, phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae)

Emad A. Ewais¹*, Desouky S.A ² and Ezzat H. Eshazly²

^1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Nisar City, Egypt

^2. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

*ewais-e@yahoo.com

Abstract: In vitro callus induction of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) was carried out on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxin and cytokinin utilizing leaves explants. The optimum culture conditions for callus formation and high frequency were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BA. The phytochemical screening of the crude plant extract and its callus revealed the presence of alkaloids, Saponins, tannis, flavonoids and phenolic. The results showed that the amount of flavonoids and total phenolic contents were higher in the mother plant than in the developing callusing. In addition, the crude extract of Solanum nigrum and its callus showed, mostly, high antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains as well as fungi.

[Ewais EA, Desouky SA and Eshazly EH. Studies on callus induction, phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae). Nat Sci 2015;13(6):133-138]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.17

Keywords: Solanum nigrum, auxin; cytokinin; reducing sugars; tannis; flavonoids and phenolic

Full Text

17

18

Preparation and Characterization of Frick gel dosimeter

M.I. El Gohary ¹, Y.S. Shabban ², E.A. Amin ³, M.H. Abdel Gawad ¹*, O. S. Desouky ²

^1. Biophysics Branch, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

^2. National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

^3. Medical Physics Unit, Ain-Shams hospital, Ain-Shams University, El-Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt

*mahmoud.hassan@azhar.educ.eg

Abstract: The gel dosimeter is one of methods that can be used for the measurements of radiation doses in medical uses (radiotherapy and radiodiagnosis). The transition of ferrous Fe²⁺ to ferric Fe³⁺ in Fricke dosimeter after irradiation results in a change of optical density which can be used for the dosimetry of ionizing radiation. The aim of this work is to characterize the Frick gel dosimeter or Ferrous-Xylenol-Gelatin (FXG) by measuring the total mass attenuation coefficient, absorption spectrum, dose response curve, sensitivity, energy dependency and environmental keeping conditions were measured. The FXG readings were evaluated by using the absorption mode of spectrophotometric technique. The results showed that the FXG dosimeter is tissue equivalent and has a linearity behavior in range from 1 to 15Gy, energy independent and stable in temperature less than or equal 10˚C.

[El Gohary MI, Shabban YS, Amin EA, Abdel Gawad MH, Desouky OS. Preparation and Characterization of Frick gel dosimeter. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):139-143]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 18

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.18

Keywords: Radiotherapy, Radiodiagnosis, Frick gel dosimeter Optical density

Full Text

18

19

Calculation of phase shift for p+⁴⁰Ca elastic scattering at low energy

A.M. Khalaf ¹, M.M. Khalifa ¹, A.H.M Solieman ², M.N.H. Comsan ²

^1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

^2. Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt

*mkhalifa1186.@gmail.com

Abstract: The theoretical analysis of the experimental proton elastic scattering on ⁴⁰Ca taken in the energy range 9 to 22 MeV has been studied within the framework of the optical model employing Woods-Saxon and its derivative forms for potentials. Using SCAT2000 FORTRAN code and selected set of optical model parameters (OMPs) the contribution of different partial waves to scattering amplitude and cross section are studied. Based on phase shift values the significant number of partial waves in terms of their corresponding angular momenta at a given projectile energy is determined.

[Khalaf AM, Khalifa MM, Solieman AHM, Comsan MNH. Calculation of phase shift for p+⁴⁰Ca elastic scattering at low energy. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):144-149]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature.  9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.19

Keywords: phase shift; reflection coefficient; partial waves; optical model

Full Text

19

20

Effect of Early Medical Management of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

Hala Atta Youssef

Neonatology Department, Al Galaa Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt

Halayoussef130@yahoo.com, hishamwb@yahoo.com

Abstract: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is a common disorder in infants, with up to 20% of all newborns suffering from epiphora during the first year of life. This study was done to evaluate the effect of early medical management of CNLDO on the rate of resolution. CNLDO was diagnosed in 87 infants between 2012 and 2014 in pediatric clinic, Aziziah Maternity and Children Hospital, Jeddah, kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All were treated with massage plus topical antibiotics (when indicated). The age of the infants ranged from one to six months and the obstruction was resolved in 83 patients, 75% of them within the first three months and the rest within eight months of initiation of medical management, the overall success rate was 95.4% Conclusion: CNLDO should be managed with an initial conservative treatment, started as early as possible and continued for up to the age of one year. If the blockage is not cleared at this age, the patient must be referred to ophthalmologist for probing.

[Hala Atta Youssef. Effect of Early Medical Management of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):150-153]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 20

doi:10.7537/marsnsj130615.20

Key words: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction – Medical management.

Full Text

20

21

Prevalence of End Stage Renal Disease in Menoufia Governorate

Ahmed Rabiee El-Arbagy¹.  Mahmoud Abd El-Aziz Kora¹, Hany Said El-Barbary¹, Hala Marawan Gabr² and Ahmed Abd El-Monem Selim³

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Faulty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

² Department of Community Medicine, Faulty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

³ Shebin El-kom teaching hospital, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.

selimoo63@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: End stage renal disease (ESRD) has become a worldwide health concern. In developed countries there is electronic data registry which allows easy statistical analysis and determination of the size of the problem for future planes. In developing countries there is no data registry and only scare data were available about epidemiology of dialysis patients. Aim of this work: To study the prevalence of end stage renal disease in Menoufia Governorate. Methods: A questionnaire was conducted on dialysis units in five districts in Menoufia governorate chosen by simple random sample during the year 2013 focusing on demographic data, vascular access, hepatitis C status and causes of ESRD. Due to the frequency of renal dialysis (3 times per week) the patients always seek the nearby center, so these patients almost represent all patients in these districts. Results: The prevalence rate of end stage renal disease in Menoufia Governorate was 330 patients per million populations (pmp).The mean age was 52.45±14.12 years, 52.4 % male and 47.6 female. The main known cause of ESRD was hypertension (31.1 %), Diabetic nephropathy (DN) (15.9 %) while the unknown causes represent 20.5 %. The prevalence of hepatitis C was found to be 38.6 %.Conclusion: In Menoufia governorate there is a high prevalence rate of end stage renal disease which. Hypertension and diabetes constitute the major known causes. Unified system of electronic data registry should be started in each governorate to constitute the National Egyptian data registry.

[Ahmed Rabiee El-Arbagy, Mahmoud Abd El-Aziz Kora, Hany Said El-Barbary, Hala Marawan Gabr and Ahmed Abd El-Monem Selim. Prevalence Of End Stage Renal Disease In Menoufia Governorate. Nat Sci 2015;13(6):154-158]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 21

Keywords: End stage renal disease, Etiology of end stage renal disease.

Full Text

21