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Subject:Examine the relationship between anxiety and gastric ulcer

¹Effat nozari,²samira nozari

¹Department of education. Ma of Educational Psychology.azad university of Tehran

Effat.nozari@yahoo.com

²Departmentof education. Ma of Geography and urban planning.university of tehran

S.nozari185@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of present research is to investigate the relation between anxiety and gastric ulcer in a sample of the general population to find whether anxiety can lead to gastric ulcer. The population was 100 people which 50 of them suffered gastric ulcer and 50 of them were people who had no Digestive problems and were healthy. This population has participated in this research by filling Hamilton anxiety scale questionnaire. Results from this research showed: even though anxiety could be seen less among healthy people than people who suffered gastric ulcer but anxiety wasn’t the factor to lead gastric ulcer but it was among the predisposing factors so anxiety didn’t have meaningless difference with gastric ulcer. In this research, Age, sex and education Variables weren’t considered. In this research we don’t have contrast and zero assumption as we are not going to Infer or estimate anything but we want to find whether there is meaningful difference in what we are investigating.

[Effat nozari, samira nozari. Subject:Examine the relationship between anxiety and gastric ulcer. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):1-6]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.01 

Key words: anxiety- gastric ulcer

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A review of screening and conventional breeding under different seed priming conditions in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)

Waqas Amin, *Saif-ul-Malook, Sharmin Ashraf and Amir Bibi.

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

*Corresponding author: saifulmalookpbg@gmail.com

Abstract: Pakistan is facing severe shortage of edible oil. Sunflower can be a good alternative for fulfilling oil requirement due to its ideal characteristics like high oil contents, protein contents and short life cycle. Seed priming is a technique which is used to decrease the harmful effects of different abiotic factors and to increase the seed germination and crop production. It is highly affected by biotic and abiotic stresses like drought, heat, clod, insect/pest attack, fungal, viral and bacterial diseases. There is great loss of yield and productivity of maize due to water stress. The present review will provide its readers an opportunity to understand the breeding procedure to develop drought tolerant varieties and hybrids. Heritability, specific combining ability, dominance effects, heterosis provides a chance to develop hybrid while additive, general combining ability and genetic advance provide chance to develop hybrid for higher grain.

[Waqas Amin, Saif-ul-Malook, Sharmin Ashraf and Amir Bibi. A review of screening and conventional breeding under different seed priming conditions in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Nat Sci 2014;12(10):7-22]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.02

Key words: Helianthus annus , drought, gene action, heritability, genetic advance, heterosis

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An overview of conventional breeding for drought tolerance in Zea mays

*Saif-ul-Malook¹, Qurban Ali2, Muhammad Ahsan¹, Aamer mumtaz¹ and Muhammad sajjad¹

¹Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

²Center of Excellence of Molecular Biology, Punjab University

*Corresponding author saifulmalookpbg@gmail.com

Abstract Zea mays is an important cereal crops through out world. It is highly affected by biotic and abiotic stresses like drought, heat, clod, insect/pest attack, fungal, viral and bacterial diseases. There is great loss of yield and productivity of maize due to water stress. The present review will provide its readers an opportunity to understand the breeding procedure to develop drought tolerant varieties and hybrids. Heritability, specific combining ability, dominance effects, heterosis provides a chance to develop hybrid while additive, general combining ability and genetic advance provide chance to develop synthetic variety for higher grain and fodder yield.

[ Saif-ul-Malook, Qurban Ali, Muhammad Ahsan, Aamer mumtaz and Muhammad sajjad. An overview of conventional breeding for drought tolerance in Zea mays. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):23-37]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.03

Key words: Zea mays, drought, gene action, heritability, genetic advance, heterosis

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Evaluation of Blood Glucose and Magnesium in Hypertensive Patient

Mirza Arsalan Baig¹, Abdul Rahim Bhatti², Amber Mahmood³

¹Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Pakistan

²Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro. Pakistan.

³Medical Research Centre, LUMHS, Jamshoro, Pakistan.

E-mail: arsalanmirza@outlook.com

Abstract: Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Level Of Blood Glucose And Magnesium In Hypertensive Patients And To Find Out The Significance Of Their Correlation, If Any. Subjects And Methods:  50 Cases Of Hypertensive Patients And 50 Healthy Controls Of Age And Sex Match Were Included. Results: This Study Reported Fasting Blood Glucose Of Hypertension Patients (103.41±35.81) Was Higher Than That Of Healthy Controls (83.16±9.3 Mg/Dl). This Elevated Level Is Statistically Significant (P<0.005). Anyhow This Build May Be Because Of The Vicinity 22% Of Hypertensive Cases Showed Impaired Glucose Intolerance Test. There Was No Association Of Blood Magnesium In Hypertension Patients And In Healthy Controls. Although It Has Been Reported That Serum Magnesium Of Hypertensive Cases Was Slightly Decreased Than That Of Healthy Subjects But It Was Statistically Insignificant. Conclusion: There Is A Predisposition Of Impaired Glucose Intolerance In Case Of Hypertension. The Systolic And Diastolic Blood Pressures Were Recorded Independently. With Increasing Age, The Higher Systolic Blood Pressures Were More Important Than Raise In Diastolic Blood Pressures.

[Mirza Arsalan Baig, Abdul Rahim Bhatti, Amber Mahmood. Evaluation of Blood Glucose and Magnesium in Hypertensive Patient. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):38-40]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.04

Keywords: Magnesium, Blood Glucose, hypertension

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Biological Aspects of the Wastewater Treatment Plant “Mahala Marhoom” in Egypt and Modified with Bardenpho Processes

Mostafa M. Emara^a,b, Farag A. Ahmed^a, Farouk M. Abd El-Aziz^c and Ahmed M.A. Abd El -Razek^d

a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (boys) Al-Azhar University

bScience Center for Detection and Remediation of Environmental Hazards (SCDREH), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

c National Authorities for Water and wastewater, Cairo, Egypt

dPhD student in Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (boys) Al-Azhar University

Corresponding Author: ahmedchemist2007@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this study, we are concerned with the Mahala Marhoom wastewater treatment plant20.000 m³/day using oxidation ditch techniques for twelve months during 2013 in EL-Garbia governorate-Egypt. Oxidation ditch process is used to treat the municipal and domestic sewage. The purpose of wastewater treatment is to remove the contaminants from wastewater with the objective that it is treated enough to be released back into the environment. The untreated sewage generates fouling smell, harmful bacteria, etc. which is hazardous for public health and degrades the environment by librating noxious gases. An oxidation ditch is a form of extended aeration activated sludge. The aeration basin is a large oval shaped tank that resembles a racetrack. Wastewater enters the ditch and is circulated around the track by means of a large horizontal brush/rotor. The rotor assembly is partly submerged in the ditch. As it rotates it pushes the mixed liquor around the "track". The rotor also provides the needed aeration to maintain a DO level of about 2-3 mg/L in the basin. The oxidation ditch effluent passes to the secondary clarifier and RAS is returned to the ditch. Samples were collected from the influent and the effluents of plants. The samples were analyzed following standard procedures for the determination of BOD₅, COD, ammonia, Total Nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, TSS, VSS and other parameters. We found the efficiency removal of total nitrogen and phosphorus not high and needed to upgrade. The pilot plant was designed to improve the quality of the effluent so we used biological nutrient removal process.  BNR systems are designed to remove only TN or TP, while others remove both. Bardenpho Process (Four-Stage) – continuous-flow suspended-growth process with alternating anoxic/aerobic/anoxic/aerobic stages and Modified Bardenpho process with addition of an initial anaerobic zone.

 [Mostafa M. Emara, Farag A. Ahmed, Farouk M. Abd El-Aziz and Ahmed M. A. Abd El -Razek. Biological Aspects of the Wastewater Treatment Plant “Mahala Marhoom ” in Egypt and modified with bardenphoprocesses. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):41-51]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.05

Key words: Sewage, Oxidation ditch, Enhanced Nutrient Removal, nitrogen, phosphorus, nutrient limitation, nitrification, denitrification.

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Response of two garlic cultivars (Allium sativum L.) to inorganic and organic fertilization

Zaki, H.E.M.^*1; Toney, H.S.H.² and Abd Elraouf, R.M.³

¹ Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt

² Agricultural Research Center, Horticulture Department, Mallawi, El-Minia, Egypt

³ Agricultural Research Center, Medicinal and Aromatic plants Department, Hort. Res. Inst., Giza, Egypt

^*haitham.zaki@mu.edu.eg

Abstract: Humic acids (HAs) are the result of organic matter decomposition and are beneficial to plant growth and development. The integration of organic fertilizers appears to be suitable application for saving chemical fertilizers and reducing environmental pollution. In this study, two field experiments were conducted during two winter seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 to investigate the effect of 16 treatments which were; two common garlic cultivars in Egyptian market Balady and Sids-40, two levels of inorganic fertilizers (100% and 50% of recommended dose) and one level of each compound of the following organic fertilizers; humic acid, fulvic acid and compost on garlic vegetative growth characteristics, yield and its components. Application of organic fertilizers showed superior effect for increasing garlic growth and productivity. Treatments of compost and 50% or 100% of RD inorganic fertilizers improved the plant height and shoot fresh weight. While, application of HAs; humic acid, fulvic acid combined with 100% of RD inorganic fertilizers increased the number of leaves and the shoot dry weight, respectively. The obtained results reflected generally that Balady cv. surpassed the Sids-40 cv. in plant height and high longevity traits, when the high total yield was observed in Sids-40 cv. plants. The highest values of total yield, neck diameter and bulb diameter were detected with garlic plants of Sids-40 cv. treated with 100% RD+humic acid. For the bulbing ratio, application of 50% RD+humic acid gave the highest mean. However, the lowest loss of weight of bulbs was found when garlic plants were treated with 100% RD+fulvic acid. High accumulation of nitrate and nitrite was observed in extracts of both cultivars when treated with 100% RD (control) while, treatments with compost + 50% RD decreased the contents of nitrate and nitrite.

[Zaki, H.E.M.; Toney, H.S.H. and Abd Elraouf R.M. Response of two garlic cultivars (Allium sativum L.) to inorganic and organic fertilization. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):52-60]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.06

Keywords: Garlic (Allium sativum L.), humic acids (HAs), compost, yield and yield components, chemical analysis

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Transcutaneous Levator plication: is it an effective procedure for blepharoptosis correction?

Mohamed AlTaher A.A., FRCS, MD, Ihab El-Sheikh, MD, Mahmoud M. Saleh, MD, Abdelghany Ib. Abdelghany, MD, Mohamed Elmoddather ,MD .

Ophthalmology departments Faculty of Medicine AlAzhar University, Cairo, Egypt

drmaltaher75@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Blepharoptosis is a common functional and/or aesthetic ophthalmic problem. Many surgical techniques have been reported to manage this problem. Our aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the levator apponeurosis plication through cutaneous approach in mild-moderate blepharoptosis with levator function (LF) 5mm or more. Methods: Prospective clinical study was performed on 23 eyelids (18 patients, 5 bilateral and 13 unilateral). All patients underwent transcutaneous plication of the levator apponeurosis. After a follow up period of 18 months, functional, cosmetic results and complications were evaluated. Results: Functional and cosmetic results were successful in19 out of 23 eyelids with overall success rate of 83.6%. Conclusion:Transcutaneous Levator plication approach proves to be simple, safe, effective and versatile procedure for correction of mild-moderate blepharoptosis with levator function 5mm or more.

[Mohamed AlTaher A.A., FRCS, Ihab El-Sheikh, Mahmoud M. Saleh, Abdelghany Ib. Abdelghany, Mohamed Elmoddather. Transcutaneous Levator plication: is it an effective procedure for blepharoptosis correction? Nat Sci 2014;12(10):61-66]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.07

Keywords: Blepharoptosis, Transcutaneous, Levator, Plication, Repair

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Potential impacts of seed bacterization or salix extract in faba bean for enhancing protection against bean yellow mosaic disease

Ahmed R. Sofy ¹*, Mohamed S. Attia ¹, Abd El-Monem M.A. Sharaf ¹ and Khalid A. El-Dougdoug ²

^1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

^2. Agric. Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 11241 Cairo, Egypt

*ahmd_sofy@yahoo.com

Abstract: In a greenhouse experiment, two strains of plant growth promoting rizobacteria (PGPR) mixture of (ICARDA-441 and ARC-202) as seed inoculants, and white willow (Salix alba) extract as foliar and seed treatment were tested for induction systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in faba bean plants against Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). The results demonstrated that BYMV challenged plants emerged from Rhizobium inoculants seeds and salix extract showed reduction in the level of disease severity of BYMV infection. Significant improvements in faba bean were obtained due to the used Rhizobium leguminosarum (PGPR) as well as salix extract. On contrary, considerable reductions in all tested parameters were occurred as a result of the viral disease. Both PGPR inoculants and soaking treatment with salix extract showed significant increase in abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels when being compared with other treatments. The beneficial effects of the used treatments were extended to increase not only total phenol and free proline but also the activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase enzymes in comparison with control plants. PGPR inoculants and salix extract (especially soaking) improved plant health by increasing the pigment contents similar to control values.

[Sofy AR, Attia MS, Sharaf AMA and El-Dougdoug KA. Potential impacts of seed bacterization or salix extract in faba bean for enhancing protection against bean yellow mosaic disease. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):67-82]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.08

Keywords: Broad bean; Induced resistance; Phenolics; Indole acetic acid; Salicylic acid; Jasmonic acid.

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Structural Changes of Pathogenic Multiple Drug Resistance Bacteria Treated with T. vulgaris aqueous Extract

Ahmed R. Sofy ¹*, Ahmed A. Hmed ¹, Abd El-Monem M.A. Sharaf ¹ and Khalid A. El-Dougdoug ²

^1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

^2. Agric. Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University,11241 Cairo, Egypt

*ahmd_sofy@yahoo.com

Abstract: Most bacterial strains are becoming resistant to multiple antibiotics particularly, Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study exhibited the strong antimicrobial activity of T. vulgaris total aqueous extract against Multiple drug resistance pathogenic bacteria including both Gram-positive (MRSA) and Gram-negative (Ps. aeruginosa) bacteria with low concentration of MIC and short time kill assay. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was conducted to get the images of morphological damages in selected tested bacteria. The SEM images showed that, most cells present damage and observed to get clustered and stick to each other. Gram negative and the Gram positive cells appeared to be shrunk and even some were empty. Furthermore, most of the Gram-negative and Gram positive cells appeared to be stuck together and melted. These images confirm the loss of shape and integrity which was followed by the cell death.

[Sofy AR, Hmed AA, Sharaf AMA and El-Dougdoug KA. Structural Changes of Pathogenic Multiple Drug Resistance Bacteria Treated with T. vulgaris aqueous Extract. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):83-88]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.09

Keywords: T. vulgaris; Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus; (MRSA); Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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Ginger - Zinger Iber Officinale – From Floor To Table In An African Society – Ikwerre Ethnic Nationality Of River – State

Offor U.S, Amakor Eugene & D.D Jumbo.

Rivers State University Of Education, Rumuolumeni. Port Harcourt Nigeria.

E-MAIL: sos2212003@yahoo.com

Abstract: A review of the origin, definition and production practices of Ginger botanically know as Zinger Iber officinales were examined. Its common diseases/pest in an African society was also outline. The general economic importance in relation to Ikwerre Ethnic Nationality were x-rayed. Based on this, it is then recommended that an average African should make use of Ginger as an additive to most food consumed

[Offor U.S, Amakor Eugene & D.D Jumbo. Ginger - Zinger Iber Officinale – From Floor To Table In An African Society – Ikwerre Ethnic Nationality Of River – State. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):89-90]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.10

Key Word: Ginger, production, utilization and protection.

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Estimation Of Annual Effective Dose Due To Low-Level Radiation Exposure In Dwellings Of Some Districts Of Haryana

Anil Pundir¹,  Rajinder Singh² ,  Sunil Kamboj³

¹Department of electronics,  M.L.N (P.G) College, Yamuna Nagar, India.

²Department of electronics,  S. D (PG) College, Ambala Cantt, India.

³Department of Physics, GSSS camp, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India.

E-mail: rsrana42@rediffmail.com

Abstract: All organisms (e.g. bacteria, plants or animals including humans) are exposed everyday to varying amounts of ionizing radiation emitted from radon and its progeny in general environment and in the dwellings. These radiations are spontaneously emitted by naturally occurring radioactive material like ²³⁸U and ²³²Th, ever since their existence on earth. The exposure to alpha radiation emitted from radon poses health hazards not only to workers at industrial units like thermal power plants, coal fields and oil fields but also to the dwellers in normal houses in their surroundings. Radon being an inert gas can easily disperse into the atmosphere immediately on its release. The solid alpha active decay products of radon like ²¹⁸Po and ²¹⁴Po become airborne and get themselves attached to the aerosols, dust particles and water droplets suspended in the atmosphere. When inhaled during breathe, these solid decay products along with air may get deposited in the tracho-bronchial and pulmonary region of lungs resulting in the continuous irradiation of the cells which may be the cause of lung cancer. In the present work, we report on the estimation annual effective doses received by the residents living in different types of dwellings. For these measurements we have used the alpha sensitive solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD). The concentration of radon and annual effective doses have been calculated using recommendations from by International commission on radiological protection (ICRP). The results indicate higher radiation dose received by the residents residing in mud and fly ash brick dwellings compared with the residents of cemented and other dwellings.

[Anil Pundir, Rajinder Singh, Sunil Kamboj . Estimation Of Annual Effective Dose Due To Low-Level Radiation Exposure In Dwellings Of Some Districts Of Haryana. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):91-94]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.11

Keywords:  Radiation; radon; lung cancer; health

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Preparation and characterization of biocomposite based on poly (L-lactide) and poly(ethylene glycol): in vitro bioactivity evaluation.

M.I. El-Gohary¹, Gehan M. Kamal², Sahar M. Awad², Abeer M. El-Kadey³, Areg E. Omar²*

^1. Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

^2. Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City Cairo, Egypt

^3. Biomaterials Department, National Research Center, Tahreer St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

*aregomar@yahoo.com

Abstract: The main objectives of the present study were to fabricate sodium calcium silicate ceramic /poly(L-lactide)/poly ethylene glycol composite membranes for bone engineering applications, by using liquid-liquid phase separation. The membranes were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, TGA and TF- XRD. Examination of the SEM microphotographs revealed that the membranes were porous and pore size was about 20µm. In vitro bioactivity evaluation showed that the composite membranes were able to induce the formation of hydroxyapaptite layer on their surfaces, demonstrating their potential application in bone engineering.

[El-Gohary MI, Kamal GM, Awad SM, El-Kadey AM, Omar AE. Preparation and characterization of biocomposite based on poly (L-lactide) and poly(ethylene glycol) for bone regeneration in animals. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):95-100]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.12

Keywords: Composite biomaterial; Poly ( L-lactide ); poly(ethylene glycol); sodium calcium silicate ceramic

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Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals using Selected Heavy Metal Tolerant organisms Isolated from Dumpsite Leachate

Adebisi Musbaudeen Sulaimon ¹, Adebowale Toba Odeyemi ², Adeniyi Adewale Ogunjobi ¹, Ismail Olasunkanmi Ibrahim ²

^1. Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan

^2. Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

busymindsulaimon11@gmail.com

Abstract: Potentials of some selected isolated microbes from Orita-aperin and Awotan dumpsites leachate to bio-accumulate heavy metal were investigated. Heavy metal content of the samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Microbial enumeration and isolation of the leachate samples were carried out using pour plate technique. Tolerance ability of the microbial isolates to heavy metals was determined by cultivating the isolates at concentrations ranging from 1mM to 5mM on nutrient broth and potato dextrose agar for bacteria and fungi respectively. Based on the result of heavy metal resistant assay, two bacteria and one fungus were then selected to determine their potential to bio-accumulate heavy metal from the leachate under the agitated condition in shaker incubator at 37^oC and 200rpm and non-agitation for a period of 10 to 15 days for bacteria and fungi respectively. The total bacteria count of the leachate ranged from 1.9 x 10⁸ to 3.77 x 10⁹CFU/ml while the heavy metal content ranged from 0.001mg/l for chromium and silver to 1.56mg/l for copper. The ability of Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Trichoderma harzianum to tolerate heavy metals at high concentration of 5mM was their basis for selection. Out of the three selected organism Bacillus subtilis was most efficient in the removal of copper with 90.49% and arsenic with 57.7% accumulation under agitated condition, whereas, the values dropped to 37.16% and 7.00% accumulation respectively when left un-agitated. Also the combination of the two bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus) in the experimental set-up when left un-agitated showed relatively high accumulation ability for copper and nickel with 86.71% and 83.3% respectively. The microorganisms used in this study have the potential role in the bioremediation of heavy metals in contaminated aquatic environment by heavy metal containing leachate.

[Sulaimon AM, Odeyemi AT, Ogunjobi AA, Ibrahim IO. Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals using Selected Heavy Metal Tolerant organisms Isolated from Dumpsite Leachate. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):101-106]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.13

Keywords: Bioaccumulation; leachate; Orita-aperin and Awotan dumpsites; heavy metal tolerant organisms

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Calculation Of Liver Function Test In Clarias Gariepinus Collected From Three Commercial Fish Ponds.

Dorcas I.K. And Solomon R.J.

Department Of Biological Sciences, Faculty Of Science, University Of Abuja, Nigeria.

Abstract: The liver function analysis is an indication of liver fitness of a fish and generally reveals the health of the fish. In this study, the liver function tests of fishes (Clarias gariepinus) collected from three different fish ponds designated as A, B, C located in Gwagwalada, Abuja were carried out. A total of ninety (90) live adult C. gariepinus were collected from fish ponds of which thirty (30) were collected from each of three selected ponds. The physio-chemical parameters of the ponds (Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Alkalinity, Hardness and Transparency) were determined. The Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALP) of the fishes were examined using the standard methods. The results obtained showed that the physico-chemical parameters of Pond A and Pond B within the standard limits set by International Regulatory Authority (FEPA) and the liver enzyme markers (ALP, AST, ALT) were within the standard reference values. Furthermore, physico-chemical parameters of Pond C were higher than the set limits by FEPA and also the liver enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT) assessed were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the standard reference values. The findings of this study would be of assistance in improving policy on quality pond management in order to reduce the incidence of fish liver diseases.

[Dorcas I.K. And Solomon R.J. Calculation Of Liver Function Test In Clarias Gariepinus Collected From Three Commercial Fish Ponds. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):107-123]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.14

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Urea And Creatinine Of Clarias Gariepinus In Three Different Commercial Ponds.

Ajeniyi. S. A. And Solomon. R. J.

Department Of Biological Sciences, Faculty Of Science, University Of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.

Abstract: An automated blood serum chemistry analytical system designed for human usage was employed to establish the levels of urea and creatinine parameters present in sera obtained from 90 experimental groups of channel catfish from three commercial ponds ranging 10.2cm-60cm in length and weight ranging 100grams-900grams. The fish clarias were divided into three groups with varying length and weight. Group 1 contains 30 catfish 10cm-20cm in length and 100grams-300grams in weight, Group 2 contains 30 catfish 21cm-40cm in length and 301grams-600grams in weight and Group 3 also contains 30 catfish 41cm-60cm in length and 601grams-900grams in weight. The results indicated a significant (p ˃ 0.05) increase in creatinine for all the three groups as the weight increases while there was a significant decrease (p ˂ 0.05) in the urea and creatinine levels of the catfish in group 3 recording 0.00mgdL as the lowest Urea Level and 0.00mgdL as the lowest Creatinine level. The maximum level of Urea and Creatinine was recorded as 10.8mgdL and 2.90mgdL respectively and they are obtained from the catfish in group 3 with weight ranging between 601grams-900grams. Using P ˂ 0.05 level of significance, length (cm) is significant to the weight i.e. P ˂ 0.05 (0.00 ˂ 0.05), likewise creatinine. At a significant level of P ˂ 0.05, it shows that length, Urea and Creatinine of the C.gariepinus in group three all depended on their weight. These studies suggest that "normal" values established by any method of sera analysis may be different in the same species depending on the diet, season, and presence of environmental stressors.

[Ajeniyi. S. A. And Solomon. R. J. Urea And Creatinine Of Clarias Gariepinus In Three Different Commercial Ponds. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):124-138]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.15

Keywords : Urea,Creatine And Clarias Gariapinus.

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Multi-slice Computed Tomography versus Invasive Coronary Angiography in Symptomatic Patients Post Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

Islam Shawky¹, Mohamad Omar¹, Ahmad Fahmy¹, Khaled Nageeb¹, M. Adel Attia¹, Mostafa Mokarrab¹, Mohamad Aboud², Ezz El Sawy¹.

¹Cardiology Department, ²Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine,  Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

Abstract: Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) for the assessment of in-stent stenosis using conventional coronary angiography as the reference standard. Background: Although promising results have been obtained using 64-slice computed tomography for the detection of coronary artery stenosis in native coronary arteries, as compared with previous-generation of MSCT scanners, but data on the evaluation of coronary stents are scarce. Methods: In 48 patients (42 [88%] male, ages 55± 11 years) with previous stent (≥ 2.5 mm diameter) implantation (n = 90), 64-slice MSCT angiography using either Definition dual-source 64-slice, Siemens, [n=14] or Aquilion 64-slice, Toshiba Medical Systems, [n=34]) was performed. At each center, coronary stents were evaluated by 2 experienced observers and evaluated for the presence of significant (≥50%) in-stent restenosis. Quantitative coronary angiography served as the standard of reference. Results: A total of 11 (12%) stented segments were excluded because of poor image quality. In the interpretable stents, 24 of the 79 (30.4%) evaluated stents were significantly stenosed, of which 18 were correctly detected by 64- Slice MSCT. Accordingly, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value to identify in-stent re-stenosis in interpretable stents were 75%, 95%, 86% and 90%, respectively. Conclusions: In selected patients, ISR can be evaluated with 64-slice MSCT with good diagnostic accuracy. In particular, a high negative predictive value of 90% which indicating that 64-slice MSCT may be most valuable as a noninvasive method of excluding in-stent restenosis.

[Islam Shawky, Mohamad Omar, Ahmad Fahmy, Khaled Nageeb, M. Adel Attia, Mostafa Mokarrab, Mohamad. Aboud, Ezz El Sawy. Multi-slice Computed Tomography versus Invasive Coronary Angiography in Symptomatic Patients Post Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):139-145]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.16

Keywords: multi-slice computed tomography, coronary artery stenosis, scarce.

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Update Assessment of Prevalence of Onchocerciasis in Imeri, an Endemic Village in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria.

*O.J. Afolabi¹, C.E. Okaka²_,  I.A.Simon-Oke¹_, M.O. Oniya¹

¹ Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria.

² Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

jideafo77@gmail.com

Abstract: Onchocerciasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted by female blackfly, Simulium spp. The disease is most prevalent in Africa, where over 99% of the cases occur.  40% of all cases occur in Nigeria. This study assessed the prevalence of onchocerciasis among different age groups and gender in Imeri, an endemic Community in Ondo State, Nigeria. 194 participants of both sexes and not below 10years of age who attended the community clinic were selected for the study. Structured questionnaire was administered to obtain useful epidemiological information from the respondents. Bloodless skin snips were aseptically collected from the iliac crests of the respondents who presented with palpable nodules using sterile blood lancet and razor into saline solution.  The solution was centrifuged at 2000rpm and residues examined for microfilariae under X40 objective lens of a microscope. The highest prevalence of 66.7% was found in age group 71-80years while the least prevalence (22.7%) was found in age group 10-20years. Total prevalence in the community was 32% (n=62). Prevalence among the male (33.3%) was slightly higher than that of the female (30.0%). Occupation such as farming (41.1%) and hunting (37.5%) were found to predispose the respondents to infection in the study area. The results are suggestive of need to increase intensive public enlightenment programmes, especially in local dialect, to educate the community about the aetiology of the disease, and also correct the myth about the drug (ivermectin) in order to eradicate the disease in the community.

[O.J. Afolabi, C.E. Okaka,  I.A.Simon-Oke, M.O. Oniya. Update Assessment of Prevalence of Onchocerciasis in Imeri, an Endemic Village in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):146-149]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.17

Keywords:  Onchocerciasis, Prevalence, Imeri, Ivermectin.

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Nugent Scores Of Female Students From Babcock University, Southwestern Nigeria

Odunuga Abisoye O., Mensah-Agyei Grace O., Oyewole, Isaac O.

Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

gracemensah04@gmail.com

Abstract:Background: Bacterial vaginosis is a condition of the vagina caused by an imbalance of naturally occurring bacterial flora, which allows more harmful bacteria to gain a foothold and multiply. The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and the effect of hygiene practices on the vagina flora. Methodology: One hundred and fifty self-collected vagina swabs were obtained from female students of the University, smeared, Gram stained and scored by the Nugent method. Questionnaire was also administered to each respondent to assess the possible risk factors responsible for the imbalance of the vagina flora. Result: The overall prevalence of BV was 22.5%, 37.3% had intermediate and 40.1 had negative Nugent scores. Among the factors analyzed, douching (p=0.01), multiple sex partners (p=0.0), change of sex partner (p=0.00) and at least three times a week coital frequency (p=0.00) had a significance correlation to the presence of BV. Age and menstrual hygiene and had no significant correlation with the prevalence of BV. Conclusion: There is a need to create awareness to reduce the complication that might occur in future during pregnancy and childbirth by conducting scheduled programs on health education because the study established that certain hygienic practices can be a predisposing factor to bacterial vaginosis and imbalanced vagina flora.

[Odunuga AO, Mensah-Agyei GO, Oyewole, IO. Nugent Scores of Female Students From Babcock University, Southwestern Nigeria. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):150-154]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.18

Keywords: Flora; Coital Frequency; Sanitary Protection; Morphotypes

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Effective factors on staff's motivation by using AHP Method

Ashraf Safaie

Department of Executive Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract: This research with goals identity effective factors on staff’s motivation by using AHP method. Study that with اThis research seeks to study and prioritize the factors that impact job motivation based on an analytical hierarch process. This research has been carried out a descriptive-interpretive in related organization during a period in 2014. The method used for prioritization is hierarchy analysis. This research found that almost all experts and participants agreed on the factors affecting motivation. We found that the two factors retirements, work difficulty and residence are the most important and the factors, work environment condition and Communication with others and Job security, are the least important ones. Therefore, the organization can improve employees’ performance.

[Safaie A. Effective factors on staff's motivation by using AHP Method. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):155-157]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 19. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.19

Key words: Motivation, Herzberg’s motivation theory, Analytic Hierarchy Process.

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Prioritization Effective Factors on preference of investors in the stock portfolio selection in Tehran Stock Exchange using AHP and SAW methods: case study of SATA.

Mojtaba Khalili

Department of Executive Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is Prioritization Effective Factors on preference of investors in the stock portfolio selection in Tehran Stock Exchange using AHP and SAW methods. In this paper, after the selection criteria of that are determined by modified Delphi method, the weights of criteria have been calculated by applying the AHP method. The SAW method is then employed to achieve the final ranking results. And an actual case example is presented to clarify the methodology. A two-phase AHP and SAW methodology is very flexible and suitable for various decision situations. Findings demonstrate that the P/E and E/S are the most important criteria and Maroon Petrochemical is best selection.

[Khalili M. Prioritization Effective Factors on preference of investors in the stock portfolio selection in Tehran Stock Exchange using AHP and SAW methods: case study of SATAx. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):158-162]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 20. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.20

Keywords: Selection portfolio, Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Decision process, Simple Additive Weighted (Saw)

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Selection of maintenance strategies based on AHP and TOPSIS techniques

Rohollah Marofi

Department of Executive Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract: The goal contests this study was on CNC machines production workshop Aviation Industry Corporation of Iran choosing the most important devices in terms of impact production as well as maintenance of its terms of complexity Specific interviewees., To select the MCDM method with techniques using AHP - we regard the CNC machines in our production play an important role Must try We do our best option Effect in   produce plays most if not timely maintenance will result in production of a recession.

[Marofi R,. Selection of maintenance strategies based on AHP and TOPSIS techniques. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):163-168]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 21. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.21

Keywords: maintenance strategies, Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), TOPSIS.

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Phenotypic Identification and Molecular Characterization of Shigella sp. from Diarrhoeal Patients’ Stool Samples in Nigeria

Isawumi Abiola¹, Moses Ikechukwu Benjamin,¹ Ariyo Adenike Bosede ² and Oluduro Anthonia Olufunke^*1

¹Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 220005

² Biological Science, faculty of Science, Federal University, Otuoke

E-mail: aoluduro2003@yahoo.co.uk. Telephone: +2348069379885.

Abstract: Shigellosis is a worldwide health concern especially in developing countries with poor sanitation and has contributed to the increase in the mortality rate of infants. The study reported the antibiotic resistance profiles and characterization of resistance (gyrA, blaCTX) and virulence (Stx1) genes in Shigella sp. recovered from stool samples of diarrhoeal patients in Nigeria. One hundred and forty-eight diarrhoeal patients’ stool samples collected from various health institutions in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria were examined for the presence of Shigella sp. Isolation was done on Salmonella-Shigella agar plates at 37^oC and isolates identity confirmed by conventional biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion technique and isolation of plasmid DNA in the multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) isolates was carried out. Molecular detection of resistance (gyrA) and virulence (Stx) genes was by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 58 Shigella species comprising S. sonnei (37.9%), S. boydii (37.9%), S. flexneri (13.8%) and S. dysenteriae (10.3%) were recovered. Susceptibility to antibiotics was in varying proportions. All isolates were resistant to ceftriazone and resistance was mostly to nitrofurantoin (96.5%), augmentin (94.8%) and amoxicillin 82.2%). Generally, 80% of the Shigella sp was multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) types, displaying 22 various MAR patterns. Plasmid DNA bands of varying sizes (1.17-23.13 kb) and fluoroquinolone resistance (GyrA -270bp) genes were harboured by all the representatives MAR isolates. None of the selected MAR isolates contained the beta-lactam resistance (BlaCTX) gene. Shiga toxin (Stx- 400bp) was detected in only one of the isolates. The recovery of multiple antibiotic resistant Shigella sp. harbouring large size plasmid DNA and fluoroquinolone resistance gene is of great health consequence.

[Isawumi Abiola, Moses Ikechukwu Benjamin, Ariyo Adenike Bosede and Oluduro Anthonia Olufunke. Phenotypic Identification and Molecular Characterization of Shigella sp. from Diarrhoeal Patients’ Stool Samples in Nigeria. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):169-175]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 22. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.22

Keywords: Shigella, diarrhoea, multiple antibiotic resistance, plasmid, resistance gene

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Prevalence, Financial Loss and Public Health Significance of Ovine Hydatidosis in Adama Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia

Tadesse Birhanu

School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia. drbirhan@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study was designed to determine the prevalence, direct financial loss and public significance of Ovine hydatidosis in Adama municipal abattoir, Eastern Ethiopia. Both cross-sectional and retrospective studies were conducted from December 2013 to April 2014 at study area. Hydatid cyst count, characterization and financial loss estimation were done on 384 sheep slaughtered in the abattoir. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study animals. Out of 384 sheep inspected, 231(60.2%) were positive for the disease. The infestation of lung, liver, spleen, kidney and heart were 56.1%, 25.6%, 3.70%, 2.44% and 1.21%, respectively. There was statistically significant difference in origin and age of the sheep (P<0.05). Hospital and clinic based retrospective study (from 2011 to 2013) was also performed in Adama Referral Hospital, Hebert clinic and Universal clinic to investigate the prevalence of human hydatidosis. Case book analysis revealed that of the total 121,785 admitted patients for ultrasound examination, 44 (0.03%) hydatid cases were recorded. The study revealed that the disease was highly prevalent and it has both economic and public health significance. Thus, there should be strict routine meat inspection so that infected organs and carcasses can be condemned as well as awareness creation on the community should be done.

[Tadesse Birhanu. Prevalence, Financial Loss and Public Health Significance of Ovine Hydatidosis in Adama Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia. Nat Sci 2014;12(10):176-182]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 23. doi:10.7537/marsnsj121014.23

Key words: Adama; Ethiopia; Hydatidosis; Prevalence; Ovine; Zoonoses

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