Nature and Science
(Nat Sci)
ISSN: 1545-0740
Volume 8 - Number 7 (Cumulated No. 40), July 1, 2010
Cover (online), Cover (print), Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, ns0807
Welcome to send your manuscript(s) to: editor@sciencepub.net.
CONTENTS
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1
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The effects of Agnucaston and Metformin
on the chromosomes of pregnant females and their embryos
Hanaa M.Roshdy
Cell Biology Department, National
Research Centre, Giza, Cairo
Abstract: Background:Agnucaston
(chaste berry fruits) and Metformin are the most common medications
in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and
hormonal imbalance. The safe use of Agnucaston and Metformin in
the virgin females and in the pregnant females and their
embryos has not been adequately studied. Aim of the
study is to evaluate the cytogenetic effects of Agnucaston and
Metformin before and during pregnancy. Materials and Methods:
The sample of this study was female mice (Virgin and pregnant) divided into
two groups control (did not administer any medication) and
treated group (administered Agnucaston and Metformin orally) by
doses of 0.3 and 1.3 mg/kg/day respectively for (15)
consecutive days. After one day from the last treatment the
females were sacrificed and cytogenetic analysis were
conducted. Results: females treated with
Agnucaston(Virgin and pregnant ) showed increase in frequencies
of chromosomal aberrations significantly and also in their
embryos but these increases were highly significant in pregnant
females than virgin While, the females treated with Metformin there
was a slight significant increase in the frequencies of the
chromosomal aberrations in the pregnant females and embryos but
there was no significant increase in the virgin females treated
with Metformin before pregnancy. Conclusion: Our results
indicate that Agnucaston has a mutagenic effects on the females
(Virgin and pregnant) and on the embryos while Metformin has a
slight mutagenic effects on the pregnant females and their
embryos but does not have a mutagenic effects on the virgin
females. [Nature
and Science 2010;8(7):1-7]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.01
Keywords: (polycystic
ovary syndrome), Agnucaston, Metformin, chromosomal
aberrations, mice, embryos
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2
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Effects of IBA on rooting performance of Citrus auriantifolia Swingle
(Kagzi-lime) in different growing conditions
Bani Bhushan Bhatt1*,
Yogendra Kumar Tomar2
1.
Department
of Horticulture, GBP UA&T, College of Forestry and Hill
Agriculture, Hill campus
Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal. 249 199, India
2.
Department of Horticulture, HNB
Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246 174, India
bhushanbani@gmail.com
Abstract: Considering the unavailability of
information of the effect of rooting hormones in combination
with modified growing conditions on the rooting characteristics
of Citrus auriantifolia
Swingle cuttings under valley conditions of Garhwal Himalaya,
the experiment was undertaken at the HRC, Garhwal University Srinagar,
Uttarakhand, India. The effect of different concentration of
Indolebutyric acid (IBA) and different growing conditions have
been examined for stimulatory effects adventitious root
formation in stem cutting of Kagzi-lime. Properly prepared
cuttings of about 22-24 cm length in the month of June were
treated with different concentrations of IBA viz., 500, 1000,
1500 ppm for 5 second by concentrated solution dip method and
planted in 3 different conditions namely open area, under
partial shade and under low cost polyhouse. The cuttings
treated with IBA 500 ppm, performed the best in all aspects, as
root formation, length of root, thickening of root and leaf
sprouting in shoot, whereas, the open area growing condition
was found effective in increasing the success rate of the
cuttings. All the rooting parameters performance was recorded
highest under polyhouse condition. Overall treatment C1M3
(IBA 500ppm and polyhouse) combination was found best in all
parameters taken. [Nature
and Science 2010;8(7):8-11]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.02
Keywords: Kagzi lime, cuttings, IBA, rooting, low-cost poly
house, Garhwal Himalaya
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3
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Anthropometric Measurements and
Appetite Related Hormones in Obesity Patients
Hamdy A. Ahmed* and Mohamed I.Aref**
*Biochem., Dept., NRC. Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. **Clin., Pathology Dept., El
Hussein Hosp., Fac., of Medicine, Al Azhar Uni. Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract: Obesity and hyperlipidemia are two of
the most highly distributed disorders that commonly associated
with a cluster of progressive pathogenesis of many public
health problems. This nutritional diseases increase the
morbidity and the mortality of other diseases as cardiovascular
diseases, atherosclerosis, hypertension, type2 diabetes,
osteoarthritis and
certain types of cancer. Thus the goal of the present study was
to investigate the anthropometric measurements and biochemical
parameters in case of obese patients before and after dietary
treatments as well as the obesity related hormones in obese and in comparison with their
corresponding healthy subjects. Serum leptin concentration
increased significantly in obese subjects associated with a
significant decrease in serum ghrelin concentration in obese
group only. After dietary treatment serum leptin concentration
decreased significantly in obese subjects while serum ghrelin
increased significantly when compared with their values before
treatments. There was a significant increase in serum glucose,
insulin and insulin resistant
(IR) value in obese subjects. While after dietetic treatment
for obesity, there was a significant decrease in serum glucose,
insulin and IR associated with a significant increase in serum
adiponectin levels. In conclusion, the main features of obesity
are leptin resistance and insulin resistance. Other hormonal
influences are ghrelin and adiponectin which could be
pathogenic factors for obesity. Hyperghrelinemia lead to
hyperphagia and morbid obesity. While hypoadiponectinemia
correlated to insulin resistance and diabetes type 2. So
reducing body weight and controlling of hyperlipidemia
enhancing insulin and leptin sensitivity through increase in
adiponectin secretion, which has known as anti-diabetic,
anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic hormone. [Nature and
Science 2010;8(7):12-19]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.03
Keywords: Obesity; hyperlipidemia; anti-diabetic; anti-inflammatory; anti-atherogenic; hormone
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4
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Studies on some Benzopyran Derivatives with Expected
Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity
Hanaa.F.Roaiah a,
Sally.S.El-Nakkady a, Weam.S.El-Serwy a,
Mohamed.A.A.Ali b,A.H.Abd El-Rahman c,
Zeinab El-Bazzad
a
Natural Chemistry Products Department, National Research
Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
b virology
Department National Research
Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
c Chemistry Department, Faculty of
Science, Mansoura
University, Egypt
d Pharmaceutical Microbiological Lab,
National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Nasr
City, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract: The naturally occurring
furocoumarin (xanthotoxin) (1) yielded
3-(6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-5-yl) acrylohydrazide (2)
upon treatment with hydrazine hydrate. When 2 was
treated with an equimolar amount of the appropriate
isothiocyanates it gave the respective N-substituted – 2
- [3 - (6 – hydroxy – 7 – methoxy – 1
– benzofuran – 5 - yl) prop – 2 -enoyl]
hydrazine carbothioamide (3a-c),
which when heated with sodium hydroxide, yellow mercuric oxide and
phosphorus oxychloride respectively were
transformed into
5-[2-(4-substituted-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)vinyl]-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-6-ol
(4a-c), 5-{2-[5-(substituted
amino)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl] vinyl}-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-6-ol
(5a-c), and 5-{2-[5-(substituted
amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]
vinyl}-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-6-ol (6a-c) respectively. The reaction of 3a
with ethyl bromoacetate gave
N'-(3-benzyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-5-yl)acrylo
hydrazide (7).
When 3a,b was
heated with ethyl cyanoacetate it yielded
N-substituted-2-[4-(6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-imino-2H-pyran-6-yl]hydrazine-carbothioamide (8a,b) respectively.
The prepared compounds were tested for their antimicrobial and
antiviral activities. [Nature and Science 2010;8(7):20-29]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.04
Keywords: Benzopyran; Antimicrobial; Antiviral Activity
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Effect of arginine on growth, nutrient composition,
yield and nutritional value of mung bean plants grown under
salinity stress
Amira M. S. Abdul Qados
Botany Department, Princess Nora Bint Abdul
Rahman University, P. O. Box 2508 Safaqes St. Granada Esq.
Riyadh 13242 – 07229 K.S.A
Abstract:
Salinity is a major
limitation to legume production in many areas of the world. The
salinity sensitivity of mung bean was studied to
determine the effect of salinity on vegetative growth (plant
dry weight and plant height), yield components (plant height,
pods number, pods weight, seeds number/pod, seeds weight/plant
and biological yield/plant), nutritional value of produced
seeds (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, soluble carbohydrate,
polysaccharides, total carbohydrate, proline, total amino acids
and protein contents) and mineral contents in green shoot at
harvest (N, P, K, and Na). Also, the role of arginine in
alleviating the effect of salinity stress was studied. Mung
bean seeds were planted in soils of different salinity levels.
The concentration of the irrigation water used in this
experiment were (0, 15000, 3000, 4500 and 6000 ppm). All growth
parameters were significantly reduced with high salinity levels
(4500 and 6000 ppm) while 1500 and 3000 ppm induced slight increase.
Salinity stress also, induced significant increases in Na, Cl,
Ca and Mg and decreased significantly N, P, and K contents.
Salinity stress reduced most yield components and nutritional
value of produced seeds.
However, spraying plants with arginine could alleviate
the harmful effect of salinity at all studied parameters. [Nature and Science 2010;8(7):30-42].
(ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.05
Key words: Mung bean, Salinity, Arginine, growth,
Yield, Mineral compositions
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Emerging trend of urban green space research and the
implications for safeguarding biodiversity: a viewpoint
Gairola,
S. and M. S. Noresah
School of Distance Education,
Universiti Sains Malaysia
11800, MINDEN, Penang, Malaysia
drsanjaygairola@gmail.com,
noreshah@usm.my
Abstract: It
is abundantly clear that rapid urbanization is greatly
transforming the spatial pattern of urban land use worldwide. Consequently,
the resulting losses of urban green space at local to global
level are continuously altering urban ecosystems. Recent
research on this aspect has stressed on the importance of urban
green spaces as well as their losses due to rapid urban growth.
The importance of ecosystem services provided by urban green
spaces for human well-being is gaining recognition and has been
highlighted by most of the recent studies. In this short
communication, we discuss the emerging trend of urban green
space research and its implications for safeguarding
biodiversity in line with the declaration by the United Nations that 2010
to be the International Year of Biodiversity. [Nature and Science
2010;8(7):43-49]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.06
Keywords: Urban Green
Space, Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services, Urban Dwellers,
Sustainable Development
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7
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Effect of location and growth season
on the productivity and quality of some range plants in Wadi
Halazien in the North Western Coast
in Egypt
El-Zanaty, R. I. A.٭, A. A. Abdel-Hafez٭, k. I.
Abdel-Gawad٭, M. H. M. El-Morsy**and H. M. A.
Abusaief٭
٭Faculty Agriculture, Cairo University,
Egypt
**Desert Research
Center, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract: This study was conducted during
spring and autumn seasons of 2007 and 2008 in wadi Halazien, at
the North West Coast region of Matruh governorate in Egypt. The
aim of this investigation was to survey and classify natural
plants species and to study the effect of location and seasonal
changes on range productivity and quality of pasture species. Seventy-two plant species belong to 29 families (41.67 %
annuals, 1.39 % biennials and 56.94 % perennials) were found. Polygonum
equisetiforme in top, Deverra tortuosa in ridge, Chiliadenus
candicans in bed 1 and Carduncellus
eriocephalus in bed 2 gave the highest abundance in spring
2007. Whereas, Gymnocarpos decandrus in top, Leopoldia
comosa in ridge and Carduncellus eriocephalus in bed
1 and 2 gave the highest one in spring 2008. Total abundance in bed 2 significantly
surpassed other sites in both years. Species richness and
Simpson’s index of diversity in spring increased than in
autumn in all sites of both years. Lycium shawii in top, Euphorbia
dendroides in ridge, and Thymelaea hirsuta in bed 1
gave the highest importance value in spring 2007. Generally, plant species of family Caryophyllaceae
in top, Euphorbiaceae in ridge, Thymelaeaceae in
bed 1 and Apiaceae in bed 2 gave the highest fresh and
dry yields in spring 2007, while, Thymelaeaceae in top, ridge
and bed 2 and Cistaceae in bed 1 gave the highest ones
in spring 2008. Gymnocarpos decandrus in top, Euphorbia
dendroides in ridge, Thymelaea hirsuta in bed 1 and Atriplex
nummularia in bed 2 gave the highest fresh and dry yields
in spring 2007. While, Thymelaea hirsuta in top, Gymnocarpos
decandrus in ridge, Fumana thymifolia in bed 1 and Carduncellus
eriocephalus in bed 2 had the highest ones in spring 2008.
Seasonal fresh and dry yields in bed 2 significantly exceeded
other sites in both years. Fabaceae gave
the highest CP % and DCP % at all sites, except in ridge Brassicaceae
gave the highest ones in spring 2008. Erodium
crassifolium in top, Achillea santolina in ridge, Lotus
polyphyllus in bed 1 and 2 gave the highest CP % and DCP %
in spring 2008. Crude protein % and DCP % in spring
significantly exceeded it in autumn at all sites in both years.
Abundance, fresh and dry yields had a positive correlation with
precipitation, and a negative correlation with temperature. [Nature and Science 2010;8(7):50-70].
(ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.07
Key words:
The productivity; Wadi Halazien; North Western Coast
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Morphological
and Isozyme diversity in the accessions of two cultivated
species of barnyard millet
Deepti prabha1, Y.
K. Negi2, V. K. Khanna1
1. College of
Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Ag. and Tech,
U. S. Nagar
(Uttarakhand), India;
2. SBS PG Institute of
biomedical Sciences and Research, Balawala, Dehradun
(Utarakhand), India
deepti_prabha@rediffmail.com;
yknegi@rediffmail.com;
vkkhanna@rediffmail.com
Abstract:Present study was conducted to access
genetic diversity among 33 accessions of two cultivated species
of barnyard millet i.e., Echinocloa crus-galli (15
accessions) and E. frumentacea (18 accessions). Though crop possesses great
nutritional value, little attention has been paid for the
improvement of this crop. Peroxidase
and esterase analysis showed seven loci possessing 23
alleles in all 33
accessions. Esterase was
found to be more useful to assess diversity with more
polymorphism in comparison to peroxidase. Based on allozyme
frequencies, all the
accessions of both the species were grouped separately in to
two different groups at a linkage distance of 6.2. The data would be important
in detailing the level of variation and relationship within and
between species to plan future domestication trials and to
manage the wild species collection that is available in the
gene banks. [Nature and Science 2010;8(7):71-76]. (ISSN:
1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.08
Key words: Barnyard millet, genetic diversity,
isozyme analysis, peroxidase, esterase
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Cyanobacteria of a Tropical
Lagoon,
Nigeria.
Adesalu, Taofikat Abosede 1, Nwankwo, Dike Ikegwu.2
1Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of
Lagos, Nigeria.
2Department of Marine sciences, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
boseadesalu@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
Investigations for the first time into the blue green algae of
Lekki lagoon were carried out for 24 months (June 2003- May
2005) at monthly intervals using standard plankton net of mesh
size 55µm. One hundred and seventy nine species belonging to
thirty genera were
observed. The filamentous blue green algae Oscillatoria formed the most abundant genus making
up twenty three species followed by Phormidium eighteen species. Anabaena and Chroococcus
recorded thirteen species each while the genera, Gleocapsa, Merismopedia and Microcystis recorded
ten, eight and twelve species respectively. Only one genus each
of Cyanosarcina, Calothrix and Scytonema were
encountered. Bloom forming species identified were Microcystis aeruginosa, M. flos-aquae, M.
wesenbergii and Anabaena
flos-aquae. In this study, thirty-nine new species were
recorded for Lagos lagoon
complex in which Lekki lagoon is one of it while Cyanosarcina hueberliorum is
new record for Nigeria.
[Nature and Science 2010;8(7):77-82]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.09
Keywords: Cyanophytes, tropical, bloom, Lagos
lagoon complex
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10
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Lipid profile among chronic hepatitis C Egyptian
patients and its levels pre and post treatment
Ehab H
Nashaat, MD
Associated professor of internal
medicine ,Faculty of medicine ,Ain Shams university.
ehabnashaat@hotmail.com
Abstract: Background: Hepatitis C is a common infection in
the Egyptian population, specially genotype 4 .It is well
recognized in many studies that hepatitis C chronic infection
is associated with hypolipidemia, so in our study we compare
the lipid profile between 150 patients with chronic hepatitis C
and 150 normal persons with comparable age, sex and body mass
index (BMI). The fasting cholesterol ,low density lipoprotein
(LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL),and triglyceride were
compared .Then 36 patients of them received treatment in the form
of pegylated interferon and ribavirin and then the patients who
achieved viral clearance was reevaluated as regard the lipid
profile versus the patients who did not achieve viral clearance
and the relpsers. In our study we found that patients with chronic
hepatitis C had significant lower LDL, cholesterol, and
triglycerides than normal persons with comparable age, sex and
BMI .The treated patients with sustained virological response
showed increased LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides from
baseline compared to patients without viral clearance and even
2of them had increased LDL more than 130 mg/dl and had
increased in cholesterol level more than 200 which necessate
treatment for dyslipidemia in order to prevent the risk of
coronary heart disease. Conclusion : patients with chronic
hepatitis C had high levels of LDL, cholesterol, and
triglycerides than non infected persons and after viral
clearance a significant number of patients showed LDL,
cholesterol, and triglycerides rebound even to levels may be
associated with
increased risk for coronary heart disease, so lipids should be
carefully followed up after successful clearance of hepatitis C
infection . [Nature and Science 2010;8(7):83-89]. (ISSN:
1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.10
Keywords: HCV infection,lipids profile ,pre and
post treatment
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Comparative
studies on the Indian cultivated Pleurotus species by
RAPD fingerprinting
Swarnendu Chandra, Kabita Ghosh and
Krishnendu Acharya*
Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant
Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of
Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, West
Bengal, India.
krish_paper@yahoo.com
Abstract: The oyster
mushrooms (Pleurotus) are the second most important
cultivated mushroom in the world. The genus consists of a
number of species. The genetic divergent of eight Indian
species of Pleurotus viz. P. florida – P1, P. membranaeceus – OE128, P.
sajor-caju – PL1140, P. djamor – X375,
P. cystidiosus – P19, P. flabelletus –
PL50, P. sapidus – PL40 and P. ostreatus
– PO1803 was determined based on random amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD) pattern. Result showed that all the
species tested could be differentiated by RAPD data and even
one individual primer (OPD-07) could also discriminate all
tested species. Genetic similarity analysis and grouping
derived from RAPD markers reveals a high level of genetic
diversity. Therefore the RAPD technique can provide a powerful
tool to discriminate the species and the molecular information
are useful for the breeding system. [Nature and Science 2010;8(7):90-94].
(ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.11
Keywords: Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus
species, RAPD
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Factors Affecting the distribution and
abundance of Bottom Fauna in Lake Nasser, Egypt
Isaac
A. Iskaros and M. El Dardir*
*National Institute of Oceanography
and Fisheries, Aswan, Egypt
dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract:
This study aim to determine
which factors regulate the benthic invertebrates in the
offshore area of Lake
Nasser.
The area investigated represents about 80% of the total lake
and that is not well utilized. Seven stations along the main
channel of the lake and three main khors out of 85 were
selected. Transparency, temperature, conductivity, dissolved
oxygen, hydrogen ion concentration, some characteristics of
bottom sediments, the population density and biomass of bottom
fauna were measured. Only 10 species belonging to oligochaetes
(3 species), chironomid larve (4 species) and molluscs (3
species) were recorded. The former were the most common group.
The highest standing stock of bottom fauna was noticed in the
main channel, particularly during spring (avg. 5846 org./m2
and 29.6 g. f.w./m2) associated with clay and silt
grains representing (40.5 – 54.5%) and (37.0 –
46.0%), respectively; and subsequently high content of organic
matter (8.0 – 12.5%). The three khors sustained low
densities of bottom fauna and sediments constituted mainly of
sand with low organic matter. [Nature and Science
2010;8(7):95-108]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.12
Keywords: Lake Nasser, water quality, bottom
sediments, bottom fauna, community structure
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Floristic
Composition and Biological Spectrum of Vegetation in Alpine
Meadows of Kedarnath: Garhwal Himalaya
Kusum Pharswan *, J. P. Mehta and
Subodh
Department of Botany, Post Box-22, H.
N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), 246174, India
*kkusumpharswan@gmail.com,
Research fellow
Abstract:
The
present paper gives an account of flora of Kedarnath which have
very harsh climatic conditions. 80 species, belonging 36
families were estimated from the study area. Notes on
phenological pattern, life form (biological spectrum), plant
type and uses have also been studied. Asteraceae was the
dominant family (11.25%) recorded under present investigation.
The genus and species are arranged alphabetically with in a
family with correct nomenclature. The major class of life form
was found to be Chamaephytic. Besides Chamaephytes (36.25%),
the other life forms enumerated were Therophytes (28.75%),
Cryptophytes (18.75%), Hemicryptophytes (11.25%) and
Phenerophytes (5%). Most of the plant species had flowering and
fruiting in rainy season, followed by summer season and very
few species in winter season. [Nature and Science
2010;8(7):109-115]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080710.13 Key words: Kedarnath, life forms, biological
spectrum, floristic list, altitude
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