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Fowl cholera

Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh¹, Nagwa S. Rabie¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

²Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza Egypt.

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Fowl cholera is a septicemic disease caused by Pasteurellamultocida which affects a variety of domesticated and wild birds. This highly contagious disease causes high morbidity and mortality resulting in great economic losses, especially in large industrial-type poultry complexes. It usually occurs as an acute disease, but chronic infections can also occur in some outbreaks. Pasteurellamultocida type A is the etiologic agent of fowl cholera, highly contagious and fatal disease of chickens. Pasteurellamultocida have five types of capsular serotype i.e. type A, B, D, E and F. Diagnosis of the disease is mainly based on the clinical signs and symptoms, post mortem findings. Confirmatory diagnosis is done by isolation and identification of causative agent. A variety of laboratory diagnostic techniques have been developed over the years for pasteurellosis and used routinely in the laboratory. Among these techniques molecular techniques of diagnosis is most important. Accurate and early diagnoses are considered as the effective tools to frame the strategy for controlling of any infectious disease like Fowl cholera. Vaccination is considered as one of the common preventive measures worldwide to reduce the prevalence and incidence of disease. Control of fowl cholera is primarily ensured by good management practices and treatment with antimicrobial agents.

[Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh, Nagwa S. Rabie and Mona S. Zaki. Fowl cholera. Stem Cell 2018;9(3):1-6]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 1. doi:10.7537/marsscj090318.01.

Keywords: Fowl cholera; septicemic disease; Pasteurellamultocida; molecular technique; diagnosis; preventive

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Genetic Relationship of Two Pheretimoid Earthworm Species in Vietnam Using RAPD-PCR

Dung Q. Tran ^*, Thu T. Nguyen, Giang V. Tran, Thuan V. Nguyen

Faculty of Biology, College of Education, Hue University, Vietnam

tranquocdung@dhsphue.edu.vn

Abstract: In this study, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were applied to analyse the genetic relationship of samples of the Amynthas rodericensis (Grube, 1879) and Amynthas modigliani (Rosa, 1889), collected from five localities in Vietnam (Quang Ninh belongs to Quang Binh province; Phong Dien, Hue, Huong Tra, and Huong Thuy belong to Thua Thien Hue province). The eight primers used in RAPD analysis amplified 102 bands, 97 (95.10%) of which were polymorphic. The percentages of polymorphic bands observed in the two populations were 86.59% (A. rodericensis) and 87.95% (A. modigliani). The higher genetic diversity was found within the A. rodericensis population (0.2805), and lower genetic diversity was found for the A. modigliani (0.2667). The Shannon index ranged from 0.3972 (A. modigliani) to 0.4100 (A. rodericensis). The analysed data indicate that the values of genetic identity and genetic distance between populations were 0.6636 and 0.4101, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis by RAPD showed two distinct but related clusters between the two earthworm populations. The similarity index value within the individuals of A. rodericensis obtained was 0.288-0.943 while in A. modigliani individual’s ranges from 0.255-0.627. The results showed that RAPD markers revealed congruent interspecific relationship and intraspecific relationship as well as variations among two pheretimoid earthworm populations A. rodericensis and A. modigliani in Vietnam.

[Dung Q. Tran, Thu T. Nguyen, Giang V. Tran, Thuan V. Nguyen. Genetic Relationship of Two Pheretimoid Earthworm Species in Vietnam Using RAPD-PCR. Stem Cell 2018;9(3):7-15]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 2. doi:10.7537/marsscj090318.02.

Key words: Amynthas modigliani, Amynthas rodericensis, earthworm, RAPD, genetic relationship, Vietnam.

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Necrotic Enteritis in Poultry

Nagwa S. Rabie¹, Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

²Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza Egypt.

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an emerging economically significant problem of poultry caused by a bacterium Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). due to high mortality rates and poor feed efficiency. Clostridia are considered to be among the most important agents of enteric disease in poultry which typically occursin broiler chickens but has also been diagnosed in various avian species including turkeys, waterfowl, and ostriches. Diagnosis of enteric diseases produced by clostridia is usually challenging, mainly because many clostridial species can be normal inhabitants of the gut, making it difficult to determine their role in virulence. Diagnosis is based on clinical and pathological findings. Negative culture and toxin detection results may be used to rule out this disease, but isolation of C. perfringens and/or detection of its alpha toxin are of little value to confirm the disease because both are often found in the intestine of healthy birds. Prevention strategies include avoiding predisposing factors, such as coccidiosis, and in-feed supplementation with a variety of feed additives. Supplementation of poultry diet with pre and probiotics has proven to be efficient to increase broiler chickens performance (health, weight gain, feed conversion) and to prevent or reduce the incidence of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. However, vaccination with modified toxin or other secreted immunogenic proteins seems a logical preventive tool for protection against a toxin producing bacterium.

[Nagwa S. Rabie, Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh and Mona S. Zaki. Necrotic Enteritis in Poultry. Stem Cell 2018;9(3):16-22]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 3. doi:10.7537/marsscj090318.03.

Keywords: Necrotic; Enteritis; Poultry

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Embryonic Stem Cell Research Literatures

Mark Herbert, PhD

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Stem cells are derived from embryonic and non-embryonic tissues. Most stem cell studies are for animal stem cells and plants have also stem cell. Stem cells were discovered in 1981 from early mouse embryos. Stem cells have the potential to develop into all different cell types in the living body. Stem cell is a body repair system. When a stem cell divides it can be still a stem cell or become adult cell, such as a brain cell. Stem cells are unspecialized cells and can renew themselves by cell division, and stem cells can also differentiate to adult cells with special functions. Stem cells replace the old cells and repair the damaged tissues. Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent. Adult stem cells are thought to be limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue of origin. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Mark Herbert. Embryonic Stem Cell Research Literatures. Stem Cell 2018;9(3):23-82]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 4. doi:10.7537/marsscj090318.04.

Key words: stem cell; embryonic; life; research; literature

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Totipotent Stem Cell Research Literatures

Mark Herbert, PhD

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, NY 11354, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Stem cells are derived from embryonic and non-embryonic tissues. Most stem cell studies are for animal stem cells and plants have also stem cell. Stem cells were discovered in 1981 from early mouse embryos. Stem cells have the potential to develop into all different cell types in the living body. Stem cell is a body repair system. When a stem cell divides it can be still a stem cell or become adult cell, such as a brain cell. Stem cells are unspecialized cells and can renew themselves by cell division, and stem cells can also differentiate to adult cells with special functions. Stem cells replace the old cells and repair the damaged tissues. Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent. Adult stem cells are thought to be limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue of origin. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Mark Herbert. Totipotent Stem Cell Research Literatures. Stem Cell 2018;9(3):83-113]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 5. doi:10.7537/marsscj090318.05.

Key words: stem cell; totipotent; life; research; literature

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 The Impact of Agricultural Insurance Scheme on the Crop Farmers’ Assets in Ondo State, Nigeria

Oluwatusin, F. M.*, Awoyemi, A.O., Harry A. B., Sedowo, M.O., Kolawole, A.O. and Abdu-Raheem, K. A.

Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension Services, Ekiti State University

P. M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

*E-mail: femi.oluwatusin@eksu.edu.ng

Abstract: Agricultural production activities are faced with a myriad of risks and uncertainties which require agricultural insurance management. In the event of losses, the insurance company is expected to pay an appropriate compensation enough to keep the insured farmer in business. The research work was carried out to investigate the impact of agricultural insurance scheme on crop farmers’ assets in the study area. This was done through examining: the socio- economic characteristics of the crop farmers; the differences between the value of farmers’ assets before and after insurance; and the factors affecting the value of the insured farmers’ assets. A random sampling procedure was adopted to select 120 respondents from the list of insured crop farmers with the Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Scheme in the study area. The data needed were collected from the respondents with a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses such as t-test analysis and regression analysis were employed to analyse the data. The research work revealed that the mean age of the insured crop farmers was 59.89 years while 77.5 percent were male. Also, 85 percent of the respondents had at least secondary school education. The majority (91.7%) operated commercial agriculture with the mean farming experience of 17.94 years. All (100%) the respondents had access to loan and 55.8 percent took the insurance policy because of indemnities coverage. In addition, the majority of the farmers noticed increase in their assets, farm size and output per hectare. The main determinants of respondents’ assets value were, age, household size, years spent in school, farming experience, and main type of production technique used. The average value of agricultural assets among the respondents increased from N280686.2 before insurance to an average of N3231396 after insurance while that of non-agricultural assets rose from N3169860 to an average of N10730780. Both differences were significant at 1 percent. It is recommended that the youths, women, illiterates and peasant farmers should be sensitized and encouraged to participate in agricultural insurance scheme in order to manage the risks and uncertainties affecting agricultural production.

[Oluwatusin, F. M., Awoyemi, A.O., Harry A. B., Sedowo, M.O., Kolawole, A.O. and Abdu-Raheem, K. A. The Impact of Agricultural Insurance Scheme on the Crop Farmers’ Assets in Ondo State, Nigeria. Stem Cell 2018;9(3):114-121]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 6. doi:10.7537/marsscj090318.06.

Keywords: Agriculture, insurance, risks, indemnity, assets

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Stem Cell and Cloning Research Literatures

Mark Herbert, PhD

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Stem cells are derived from embryonic and non-embryonic tissues. Most stem cell studies are for animal stem cells and plants have also stem cell. Stem cells were discovered in 1981 from early mouse embryos. Stem cells have the potential to develop into all different cell types in the living body. Stem cell is a body repair system. When a stem cell divides it can be still a stem cell or become adult cell, such as a brain cell. Stem cells are unspecialized cells and can renew themselves by cell division, and stem cells can also differentiate to adult cells with special functions. Stem cells replace the old cells and repair the damaged tissues. Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent. Adult stem cells are thought to be limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue of origin. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Herbert M. Stem Cell and Cloning Research Literatures. Stem Cell 2018;9(3):122-138]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 7. doi:10.7537/marsscj090318.07.

Key words: stem cell; clone; life; research; literature

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Multipotent Stem Cell Research Literatures

Mark Herbert, PhD

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Stem cells are derived from embryonic and non-embryonic tissues. Most stem cell studies are for animal stem cells and plants have also stem cell. Stem cells were discovered in 1981 from early mouse embryos. Stem cells have the potential to develop into all different cell types in the living body. Stem cell is a body repair system. When a stem cell divides it can be still a stem cell or become adult cell, such as a brain cell. Stem cells are unspecialized cells and can renew themselves by cell division, and stem cells can also differentiate to adult cells with special functions. Stem cells replace the old cells and repair the damaged tissues. Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent. Adult stem cells are thought to be limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue of origin. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Mark H. Multipotent Stem Cell Research Literatures. Stem Cell 2018;9(3):139-159]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 8. doi:10.7537/marsscj090318.08.

Key words: stem cell; Multipotent; life; research; literature

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