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Behavior of Balady Mandarin Trees to Spraying Silicon and Salicylic Acid

Ahmed M.M.A. Akl; Mohamed A. El- Sayed; Hamdy I. Mahmoud and Ahmed S. M. Aly

Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Minia Univ., Egypt.

E mail. Faissalfadel@yahoo.com

Abstract: During 2013 and 2014 seasons Balady mandarin trees treated three times with potassium silicate at 0.05 to 2.0% and / or salicylic acid at 0.05 to 200 ppm as a trial for improving productivity of the trees. Subjecting the trees three times to potassium silicate at 0.05 to 0.2% and/ or salicylic acid at 50 to 200 ppm succeeded in improving growth characters, nutritional status of the trees, fruit retention, yield and fruit quality over the check treatment. The promotion was proportional to the increase in concentrations of each material. Treating Balady mandarin trees three times with a mixture of potassium silicate at 0.1 % and salicylic acid at 100 ppm gave the best results with regard to yield and fruit quality.

[Ahmed M.M.A. Akl; Mohamed A. El- Sayed; Hamdy I. Mahmoud and Ahmed S. M. Aly. Behavior of Balady Mandarin Trees to Spraying Silicon and Salicylic Acid. Stem Cell 2015;6(4):1-10]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net. 1.  doi:10.7537/marsscj060415.01.

Keywords: Balady mandarin, potassium silicate, salicylic acid, yield.

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Diversity and Spatial Distribution of Crabs in the Intertidal mudflat of Cross River Estuary Mangrove Swamp, Southeastern, Nigeria.

George, Ubong¹, Ekpo, Antai²

¹Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.

²Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanography University of Calabar, Calabar.

talk2georgeubong@gmail.com.

Abstract: An investigation on Diversity and Spatial distribution of crabs in the intertidal mudflat of Cross River Estuary mangrove swamp, southeastern, Nigeria was carried out at three different stations (Inua abasi, Jamestown and Oron) between January and July, 2015. From the study it is revealed that the crab species were wide spread and abundant in the mangrove swamp. Five species of crab were identify during the study which include; Pachygrapsus gracilis, Uca tangeri, Sersama species and Callinectes amnicola. Crabs abundance was generally high at low tide and mid tide levels, and less at high tide levels, which explain the feeding and burrowing habits of the different crab species. Pachygrapsus gracilis were present in high numerical abundance during the study period with low numerical abundance recorded for Callinectes amnicola which was attributed to variation in salinity and temperature of the mangrove swamp during the study period. There was significant variation (P<0.05) in distribution of crab species in the three stations of Cross River Estuary mangrove Swamp but no significant variation (P>0.05) in physicochemical parameters in the three stations of Cross River Estuary mangrove Swamp was observed except for salinity which show significant variation (P<0.05) in the three stations. Abundance in terms of number and biomass was observed during the wet season and rise to the peak in the month of June and July. Based on the result of findings, salinity and temperature were identified as the major factor regulating the population and distribution of Mangal crab in the Cross River Estuary.

[George, U. U., Ekpo, A. Diversity and Spatial Distribution of Crabs in the Intertidal mudflat of Cross River Estuary Mangrove Swamp, Southeastern, Nigeria. Stem Cell 2015;6(4):11-16]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net. 2. doi:10.7537/marsscj060415.02.

Key words: Diversity; Spatial distribution; Crab; Intertidal mudflat; Cross River Estuary; Mangrove Swamp; Nigeria.

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Stem Cell and Apoptosis Research Literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The stem cell is the origin of an organism’s life that has the potential to develop into many different types of cells in life bodies. In many tissues stem cells serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a red blood cell or a brain cell. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the stem cell and apoptosis and related studies.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Stem Cell and Apoptosis Research Literatures. Stem Cell. 2015;6(4):17-25] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 3. doi:10.7537/marsscj060415.03.

Key words: stem cell; apoptosis; life; research; literature

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Blastocyst Stem Cell Research Literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The stem cell is the origin of an organism’s life that has the potential to develop into many different types of cells in life bodies. In many tissues stem cells serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a red blood cell or a brain cell. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Blastocyst Stem Cell Research Literatures. Stem Cell. 2015;6(4):26-35] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 4. doi:10.7537/marsscj060415.04.

Key words: stem cell; blastocyst; life; research; literature

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Blood Stem Cell Research Literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The stem cell is the origin of an organism’s life that has the potential to develop into many different types of cells in life bodies. In many tissues stem cells serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a red blood cell or a brain cell. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Blood Stem Cell Research Literatures. Stem Cell. 2015;6(4):36-57] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 5. doi:10.7537/marsscj060415.05.

Key words: stem cell; blood; life; research; literature

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Embryonic Stem Cell Research Literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The stem cell is the origin of an organism’s life that has the potential to develop into many different types of cells in life bodies. In many tissues stem cells serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a red blood cell or a brain cell. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Embryonic Stem Cell Research Literatures. Stem Cell. 2015;6(4):58-78] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 6. doi:10.7537/marsscj060415.06.

Key words: stem cell; embryonic; life; research; literature

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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The stem cell is the origin of an organism’s life that has the potential to develop into many different types of cells in life bodies. In many tissues stem cells serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a red blood cell or a brain cell. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Literatures. Stem Cell. 2015;6(4):79-98] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 7. doi:10.7537/marsscj060415.07.

Key words: stem cell; hematopoietic; life; research; literature

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Clinical Application of Stem Cell Research Literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The stem cell is the origin of an organism’s life that has the potential to develop into many different types of cells in life bodies. In many tissues stem cells serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a red blood cell or a brain cell. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Clinical Application of Stem Cell Research Literatures. Stem Cell. 2015;6(4):99-101] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 8. doi:10.7537/marsscj060415.08.

Key words: stem cell; clinical; life; research; literature

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Pancreatic Stem Cell Research Literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The stem cell is the origin of an organism’s life that has the potential to develop into many different types of cells in life bodies. In many tissues stem cells serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a red blood cell or a brain cell. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Pancreatic Stem Cell Research Literatures. Stem Cell. 2015;6(4):102-106] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 9. doi:10.7537/marsscj060415.09.

Key words: stem cell; pancreatic; life; research; literature

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Neural Stem Cell Research Literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The stem cell is the origin of an organism’s life that has the potential to develop into many different types of cells in life bodies. In many tissues stem cells serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a red blood cell or a brain cell. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Neural Stem Cell Research Literatures. Stem Cell. 2015;6(4):107-124] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 10. doi:10.7537/marsscj060415.10.

Key words: stem cell; neural; life; research; literature

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