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Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Haematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to all lineages of blood cells. Because HSCs must persist for a lifetime, the balance between their proliferation and quiescence is suitably regulated to ensure blood homeostasis while limiting cellular damage. Cell cycle regulation therefore plays a important role to control the HSC function during both fetal life and in the adult.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell. 2015;6(1):1-4] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 1

doi:10.7537/marsscj050115.01

Keywords: haematopoiesis; blood; cell; stem cell; life; proliferation; adult

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Hepatic Stem Cell

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The liver in an animal adult healthy body maintains a balance between cell renew and cell loss. The cell damage can stimulate the new cell growth and in liver it is hepatocyte self-replication. The transplanted hepatocyte can undergo clonal expansion which shows that the hepatocytes themselves can play the function as stem cells in the liver. Severe liver injury can activate a potential stem cell compartment located within the intrahepatic biliary tree, giving rise to cords of bipotential within the lobules that can differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. A third population of stem cells with hepatic potential resides in the bone marrow; these haematopoietic stem cells can contribute to regeneration and restore normal liver function.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Hepatic Stem Cell. Stem Cell. 2015;6(1):5-12] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 2

doi:10.7537/marsscj050115.02

Keywords: liver; animal; adult; hepatocyte; self-replication; stem cell

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Vitamin Analysis of a commercial Morinda citrifolia juice and a Popular blackcurrant fruit Juice commonly used by Athletes in Nigeria

ANUGWEJE KC

Department of Health Services, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Choba, East-West Road, Port Harcourt, 500102, Nigeria. E-mail: kanugweje@hotmail.com; Tel: +2348033382154

Abstract: The popular blackcurrant fruit juice was used as a placebo drink in a double-blind study because it has similar colour, flavor and taste as the commercially available Morinda citrifolia juice. The trial compared the ergogenic properties of both drinks. Morinda citrifolia and placebo juices were subjected to vitamin analysis using standard methods. Results of vitamin analysis of Morinda citrifolia showed substantial amounts of vitamin C and moderate amount of vitamin A. In this study, the vitamins profiles of Morinda citrifolia juice revealed the presence of medicinally important constituents and vitamins. Vitamin C content of Morinda citrifolia juice was 28.69 mg/100ml and that of placebo drink was 15.40 mg/100ml while the vitamin A contents of Morinda citrifolia juice and placebo drink were 2.71 mg/100ml and 1.11 mg/100ml respectively. It indicates that the Morinda citrifolia juice contains vital vitamins (C and A). Vitamin analysis shows that Morinda citrifolia juice has higher vitamin contents than the placebo juice. The findings of this present study has shown that the sampled Morinda citrifolia juice and placebo drink are potential dietary source of vitamin C, vitamin A, alpha-carotenes, beta-carotenes and total carotenes. However, it showed that in terms of concentration, vitamin C is the major vitamin present. The results in this study indicate that Morinda citrifolia juice would improves endurance in athletes very probably via potent antioxidant effects.

[ANUGWEJE KC. Vitamin Analysis of a commercial Morinda citrifolia juice and a Popular blackcurrant fruit Juice commonly used by Athletes in Nigeria. Stem Cell 2015;6(1):13-17]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 3

doi:10.7537/marsscj050115.03

Keywords: Vitamin Analysis, Morinda citrifolia juice, Placebo Juice

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Impact of long-Lasting insecticide treated bed-nets as a tool for malaria control in Umuokpu village Awka, Awka-South L.G.A. of Anambra State.

¹Iwueze, M.O., ¹Nwofor, S.C., ¹Okwusogu, M.I., ²Okafor, F.C. ¹Nwaorgu, O.C., ³Ukibe, S.N. and ¹Ugha, C.N.

¹Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

²University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Federal University of Technology, Abakaliki, Enugu State, Nigeria.

³Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

chibuzorugha@gmail.com

Abstract: A study was conducted to ascertain the impact of Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated (Bed) Nets (LLINs) in malaria control in relation to the level of respondents’ knowledge, attitude and perception about malaria, vector (mosquito) bites and LLINs, between January and July, 2011. A total of 300 randomly selected individuals aged were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The result of the study revealed that 91.0% of respondents had a history of malaria and almost all (96.0%) considered the severity of malaria to be high. A high percentage (73.0%) implicated mosquito bites as the major cause of malaria and therefore 45.0% mentioned the use of insecticidal treated bed nets as a major preventive measure. The level of mosquito bites was perceived to be high (69.0%) in the area. A majority (60.0%) had heard of the term- LLIN, 80.0% owned at least one net, but only a very low percentage (15.0%) used the nets daily. The major reason for net use was prevention from mosquito bites (60.0%), while that of non-use was excessive hear (36.0%). Majority of the respondents (86.0%) perceived LLINs to be a very tool in malaria control and statistical analysis showed that a significant relationship (p< 0.05) existed between the utilization of LLINs and the prevalence of malaria in the area. Despite reasonable knowledge on causes of malaria and preventive measures, and also on the impact (usefulness) of LLINs in malaria control, very low (15.0%) daily utilization of the nets was found to be a major reason for the high prevalence of malaria in the area. Health education on the direct benefits of LLINs, training of more health workers for this education dissemination and also information dissemination through conventional billboards, television and radio are highly recommended.

[Iwueze, M.O., Nwofor, S.C., Okwusogu, M.I., Okafor, F.C. Nwaorgu, O.C., Ukibe, S.N. and Ugha, C.N. Impact of long-Lasting insecticide treated bed-nets as a tool for malaria control in Umuokpu village Awka, Awka-South L.G.A. of Anambra State. Stem Cell 2015;6(1):18-26]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 4

doi:10.7537/marsscj050115.04

Keywords: malaria, long-lasting, treated, nets, insecticide, impact, umuokpu, awka, control

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Hematopoietic stem cells

Ma Hongbao ^{1, 3, *}, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹, Zhu Huaijie ³, Zhu Yucui ⁴

¹ Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; ^3. Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China; ^4.Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Haematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all lineages of blood cells. Because HSCs must persist for a lifetime, the balance between their proliferation and quiescence is suitably regulated to ensure blood homeostasis while limiting cellular damage. Cell cycle regulation therefore plays a important role to control the HSC function during both fetal life and in the adult.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y, Zhu H, Zhu Y. Hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cell 2015;6(1):27-36]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 5

doi:10.7537/marsscj050115.05

Keywords: haematopoiesis; blood; stem cell; hematopoietic stem cells (HSC); life

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Bone Marrow Stem Cell

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Bone marrow is the site of hematopoiesis and bone marrow transplant has been successfully used for decades as a means of treating various hematological malignancies in which the recipient hematopoietic compartment is replaced by donor-derived stem cells. Kidneys can regenerate, which varies among species. Some bony and cartilaginous fish continue to form new nephrons during adult life. Adult mammals cannot form new nephrons but, to a certain extent, tubules and glomeruli may recover structure and function after limited injury such as acute tubular necrosis. Severe or prolonged injury results in replacement of functional parenchyma by scar tissue, i.e. fibrosis, which correlates clinically with the development of renal failure. Bone marrow is the site of hematopoiesis and bone marrow transplant has been successfully used for decades as a means of treating various hematological malignancies in which the recipient hematopoietic compartment is replaced by donor-derived stem cells. The role of embryonic or adult stem cells, in particular bone marrow-derived stem cells, in regenerating the kidney after injury has been the subject of intensive investigation. Bone marrow-derived stem cells have been shown to give rise to small numbers of most renal cell types, including tubular cells, mesangial cells, podocytes, vascular cells and interstitial cells. Injections of bone marrow-derived cells do improve renal function in many animal models of renal disease.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Bone Marrow Stem Cell. Stem Cell 2015;6(1):37-40]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 6

doi:10.7537/marsscj050115.06

Keywords: bone; marrow; stem cell

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Liver Stem Cell

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Primary liver cells (hepatocytes) are the liver’s chief functional cells that perform most of the liver’s complex metabolic tasks. It is possible to grow hepatocytes that could provide significant biomedical advantages, including cell therapy, and the liver stem cells are good candidate. For the patients suffering from liver cancer, the liver stem cells could be safe and credible source of liver cells as an alternative to liver transplant. Growing liver cells form liver stem cells could also be useful in detecting safe drug screening methods. Stem cell therapy is already a popular intervention for treating blood and immune system conditions, as well as numerous skin diseases. It involves a careful medical procedure of introducing adult cells that are grown from early cells or stem cells, into damaged tissues. Liver stem cells are the precursors for a subset of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Liver Stem Cell. Stem Cell 2015;6(1):41-52]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 7

doi:10.7537/marsscj050115.07

Keywords: liver; hepatocyte; metabolic; stem cell; therapy

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Neuron Stem Cell

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The stem cell is the origin of an organism’s life that has the potential to develop into many different types of cells in life bodies. In many tissues stem cells serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a red blood cell or a brain cell.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Neuron Stem Cell. Stem Cell 2015;6(1):53-57]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 8

doi:10.7537/marsscj050115.08

Keywords: stem cell; origin; organism; life

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The impact of management information system on organizational agility in Ilam Telecommunication Company, Ilam province, Iran

Masoud Mohammadi¹, Mohammad Mahboubi^2*, Maliheh Abdollahi³, Babak Rastgari Mehr4, Sasan Ghorbani Kalkhageh⁵

[1]Educator, Library and Information Sciences, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

²Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran

³MSc in Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, school of health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

⁴Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran

⁵Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran

Email: mm59m@yahoo.com, Tel:00989126809526

Abstract- Introduction: today, globalization and transition from the businesses to the digital economy have made the use of information and information systems substantially more essential ever since. This study investigated the effect of management information systems (MIS) on agility. Methods: This study was cross – sectional (descriptive). 150 employees of Telecommunication Company of Ilam with bachelor's degree or higher entered this study. Data collection was done by using two questionnaires, MIS questionnaire and organizational agility questionnaire. Validity and reliability of these questionnaires were confirmed. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS, version 21. Results: according to this study, a significant relationship was found between all studied MISs and Competency and agility, and that there was a statistically significant relationship between strategic information and structured decisions systems in term of accountability, but this relationship was not significant between accountability and decision support systems. Also there was a positive significant relationship between accountability and structured decision support systems. However, no significant relationship between accountability and strategic information systems and decision support systems was observed. Conclusion: Information technology (IT) and its features such as MISs are tools which are used to improve company’s overall efficiency in a highly unstable and competitive environment. Private and public organizations need to focus on this component in respect to (in regard) the unstable and competitive conditions within the organization.

[Masoud Mohammadi, Mohammad Mahboubi, Maliheh Abdollahi, Babak Rastgari Mehr, Sasan Ghorbani Kalkhageh. The impact of management information system on organizational agility in Ilam Telecommunication Company, Ilam province, Iran. Stem Cell 2015;6(1):58-64]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net. 9

doi:10.7537/marsscj050115.09

Keywords: organizational agility, management information systems (MISs)

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Pancreatic Stem Cell Study Literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Ma ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can divide to more stem cells and differentiate into specialized cells, which exit in multicellular organisms. In mammals, there are two types of stem cells, one is embryonic stem cells (from the inner cell mass of blastocysts) and the other one is adult stem cells (in various tissues). In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells. The endocrine pancreas produce insulin. One of the major pancreatic diseases, diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by having an insufficient number of insulin-producing β cells. The shortage in donor pancreata could be treated by using alternative sources of stem cells. The adult pancreas retains regenerative capacity and it remains unclear whether this organ contains stem cells. Cellular reprogramming or transdifferentiation of exocrine cells or other types of endocrine cells in the pancreas could provide a long-term solution. This introduces recent reports as references in the related studies.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Pancreatic Stem Cell Study Literatures. Stem Cell 2015;6(1):65-80]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 10

doi:10.7537/marsscj050115.10

Keywords: stem cell; differentiate; divide; organism; insulin; pancreatic

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Stem Cell and Testis Study Literatures

Ma Hongbao

Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The testicle is the male gonad in animals. Like the ovaries to which they are homologous, testes are components of both the reproductive system and the endocrine system. The primary functions of the testes are to produce sperm and to produce androgens, primarily testosterone. Both functions of the testicle are influenced by gonadotropic hormones produced by the anterior pituitary. Luteinizing hormone results in testosterone release. The presence of both testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone is needed to support spermatogenesis. It has also been shown in animal studies that if testes are exposed to either too high or too low levels of estrogens spermatogenesis can be disrupted to such an extent that the animals become infertile.Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can divide to more stem cells and differentiate into specialized cells, which exit in multicellular organisms. In mammals, there are two types of stem cells, one is embryonic stem cells (from the inner cell mass of blastocysts) and the other one is adult stem cells (in various tissues). In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells. The endocrine pancreas produce insulin. One of the major pancreatic diseases, diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by having an insufficient number of insulin-producing β cells. The shortage in donor pancreata could be treated by using alternative sources of stem cells.

[Ma H. Stem Cell and Testis Study Literatures. Stem Cell 2015;6(1):81-99]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 11

doi:10.7537/marsscj050115.11

Key words: testis; DNA; life; stem cell; differentiation

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Stem Cell and Transdifferentiation Study Literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Transdifferentiation is a process where one mature somatic cell transforms into another mature somatic cell without undergoing an intermediate pluripotent state or progenitor cell type. It is a type of metaplasia, which includes all cell fate switches, including the interconversion of stem cells. Current uses of transdifferentiation include disease modeling and drug discovery and in the future may include gene therapy and regenerative medicine. Somatic cells are first transfected with pluripotent reprogramming factors temporarily before being transfected with the desired inhibitory or activating factors. Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide to produce more stem cells. They are found in multicellular organisms. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing adult tissues.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Stem Cell and Transdifferentiation Study Literatures. Stem Cell 2015;6(1):100-132]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 12

Key words: transdifferentiation; stem cell; eternal; life; organism

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