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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) and the Research Techniques

Ma Hongbao ^{1, *}, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: All animal cells come from stem cells. Stem cell pluripotency means a stem cell having the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm. Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated to any fetal or adult cell type. However, the pluripotent stem cells cannot develop into a fetal or adult organism alone because they are lack of the potential to contribute to extraembryonic tissue, such as the placenta.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) and the Research Techniques. Stem Cell. 2014;5(4):1-11] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 1

doi:10.7537/marsscj050414.01

Key words: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); Oct4 (Pou5f1); Sox2, cMyc; Klf4

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Somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)

Ma Hongbao ^{1, *}, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: All animal cells come from stem cells. Somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technique to create a viable embryo from the combining of a somatic cell and an egg cell. The technique is enucleate oocyte and implant a nucleus from a somatic cell into the enucleated oocyte. Dolly Sheep was the first successfully cloned mammal animal created by using SCNT technique. SCNT is the first step in the reproductive cloning practice.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Stem Cell. 2014;5(4):12-21] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 2

doi:10.7537/marsscj050414.02

Key words: DNA; eternal; life; stem cell; universe

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Response of Zaghloul Date Palms Grown Under Minia Region Conditions to Spraying Wheat Seed Sprout Extract and Nano- Boron

Mahmoud M. Refaai

Central Lab. For Organic Agric. ARC, Giza

faissalfadel@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was conducted during 2013 and 2014 seasons to examine the impact of spraying wheat seed sprout extract at 0.5 to 2.0 % and / or nano- boron at 0.05 to 0.1 % four times on growth, palm nutritional status, yield as well as physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits. Single and combined application of wheat seed sprout at 0.5 to 2.0 % and nano- boron at 0.25 to 0.1% was considerably very effective in enhancing all growth characters, plant pigments, total carbohydrates, nutrients, bunch weight, yield as well as both physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits rather than the check treatment. Using wheat seed sprout extract was preferable than using nano – boron in this respect. Supplying the palms with both wheat seed sprout extract and nano – boron together was favourable than using each alone in this connection. Treating Zaghloul date palms four times with wheat seed sprout extract at 1.0 % besides nano- boron at 0.05% is suggested to be very beneficial in improving yield and fruit quality under Minia region conditions.

[Mahmoud M. Refaai. Response of Zaghloul Date Palms Grown Under Minia Region Conditions to Spraying Wheat Seed Sprout Extract and Nano- Boron. Stem Cell 2014;5(4):22-28]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net. 3

doi:10.7537/marsscj050414.03

Keywords: wheat seed sprout extract, nano- boron, Zaghloul date palms.

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The Relationship between the Development of Fundamental Skills and Families’ Income

Keivan Shabani Moghaddam^1,*, Mehdi Roozbahani², Aliashraf Khazaei³

¹Faculty member of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

²Faculty Member, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran

³ Faculty member of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

^*keivanshabani@gmail.com, Tel: +98 83382535322

Abstract: The goal of this study was to consider the relationship between the families’ income and development of basic skills in children aged 8-10. The statistical population consisted of 100 elementary school students who voluntarily took part in this study. Using a realized questionnaire families’ income was measured. Basic skill patterns were measured using Ulrich’s Test of Gross Motor Development. Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient showed a significant inverse relationship between the development of movement patterns (P=0.01) plus the development of object control patterns (P=0.001) and families’ income. In other words, with increase in families’ income, the development of fundamental skill patterns decreased. Given the results of the study, showing that families’ income level and the extent of welfare existing among their children are related to fundamental skills patterns’ lack of development, it appears that high-income families must, in addition to improving cognitive skills and study condition, emphasize the improvement of their children’s movement quality as well.

[Keivan Shabani Moghaddam, Mehdi Roozbahani, Aliashraf Khazaei. The Relationship between the Development of Fundamental Skills and Families’ Income. Stem Cell 2014;5(4):29-33]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net. 4

doi:10.7537/marsscj050414.04

Keywords: families’ income amount, fundamental movement skills, fundamental object control skills, Ulrich’s Test of Gross Motor Development

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Impact of Spraying Some Antitranspirants on Fruiting of Williams Bananas Grown Under Aswan Region Conditions

Ahmed Y.M. Ahmed

Tropical Fruits Dept. Hort. Res. Instit., ARC,  Giza, Egypt.

faissalfadel@yahoo.com

Abstract: During 2011/ 2012 and 2012/ 2013 seasons, Williams bananas plants grown under Aswan region conditions were sprayed with eight antitranspirants namely green miracle, salicylic acid, vapor guard, pureshade, sunscreen, calcium carbohydrate, kaoline and chitosane each at 2% (except salicylic acidthat used at 0.05%) in addition to the control treatment. The plants received four sprays at the first week of April and at one month intervals. The goal was examining the positive action of these antitranspirants on growth and fruiting of the plants. Treating the plants with all anti-transpirants was very essential in enhancing growth, nutritional status of the plants  yield and fruit quality and reducing total phenols, proline and leaf osmotic pressure comparing with the control treatment. The best antitranspirants in this respect was chitosane followed by kaoline. Spraying Williams banana plants grown under Aswan region conditions four times (April, May, June and July) with the antitranspirants chistosan or kaoline at 2% was very effective for promoting yield and fruit quality.

[Ahmed Y.M. Ahmed. Impact of Spraying Some Antitranspirants on Fruiting of Williams Bananas Grown Under Aswan Region Conditions. Stem Cell 2014;5(4):34-39]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net. 5

doi:10.7537/marsscj050414.05

Keywords: Antitranspirants, Williams banana, growth, yield and fruit quality

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Autologus stem cell therapy in End stage liver disease patients through portal vein infusion

Enas A. Elzamarany ¹, Said M. H. Abdou², Nadia M. Elwan³, Amira Y. Abd-Elnaby⁴, Wafaa⁵, Rania Saed Amer¹

Professor of Clinical Pathology ^{1, 2,} Professor of Tropical and Infectious diseases, lecturer of Clinical Pathology, lecturer of cardiology⁵ Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University

Abstract: End stage liver disease is considered as a serious health problem. Liver transplantation is almost the only curative treatment. the limited number of the donors and the post operative complications are major obstacles. Aim: This study was done to demonstrate the probability of Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation into end stage liver disease to improve function & Quality of life. Methods: Group of patients with End stage liver disease will be enrolled in the study and the patients will be identified by coded numbers to maintain the privacy. Patients will be randomized into one of three groups:Group1:patient who received autologous CD 34 stem cell by portal vein infusion. Group 2: patients will take portal vein infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells (which include stem cells) Group 3: patients who served as a control and those received regular supportive treatment. An informed consent will be taken from all participants. Results: serum bilirubin was improved in group 1 and group 2 with significant decrease in its level by the time while in group 3 the serum bilirubin was significant increase in its level by the time. The mean baseline Prothrombin activity value in our studied population started to improve one month after the procedure, and continued to improve until the 6th month. This improvement was statistically significant. The serum albumin was maintained in patients of group 1, 2 without intravenous administration of human albumin or plasma. While in control group serum albumin levels were decreasing throughout follow up period in spite of administration of intravenous albumin and fresh plasma. There was borderline improvement in AST serum level in both groups (1, 2) while in group 3 there was significant decrease in its serum level by the time. There was significant improvement in ALT serum level in both groups (1, 2) while in group 3 there was significant decrease in its serum level by the time. Conclusion: Stem cell transplantation have a beneficial effect on synthetic function of the liver and possibly improve survival and quality of life of patients with end stage liver disease.Since it is based on autologous bone marrow cells, this therapy will not be limited by a shortage of organs and will be cheaper than whole liver transplantation. Hepatocyte transplantation may not be able to reverse portal hypertension, or the development of HCC, but improvement in liver physiology and patient survival could be possible and could play a significant role in the management of patients with liver failure.

[Enas A. Elzamarany, Said M. H. Abdou, Nadia M. Elwan, Amira Y. Abd-Elnaby, Wafaa, Rania Saed amer. Autologus stem cell therapy in End stage liver disease patients through portal vein infusion. Stem Cell 2014;5(4):40-48]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 6

doi:10.7537/marsscj050414.06

Keywords: Autologus stem cell therapy, End stage liver disease patients, portal vein infusion

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Aging and Senescence

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Young ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Aging is the process of becoming older. Aging in humans contains a multidimensional process of physical, psychological, and social change, which is an important part of all human societies reflecting the biological changes. It is possible to make the rejuvenation and extend a lifespan for animals and possiblly to achieve stop senescence, reverse aging or at least significantly delay it. In biology, the senescence is reasoned by the cellular senescence. A typical experiment is that we see limited ability to divide for the cells in culture. Why are there aging and senescence for the life biologically? There is no answer up to now.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Aging and Senescence. Stem Cell 2014;5(4):49-53] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 7

doi:10.7537/marsscj050414.07

Key words: age; Senescence; stem cell, life, death

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Germ Stem Cell

Ma Hongbao, Yang Yan

Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA, mahongbao@gmail.com

Abstract: The definition of stem cell is “an unspecialized cell that gives rise to a specific specialized cell, such as a blood cell”. Stem cells can differentiate into different cell types under appropriate in vitro and in vivo conditions. Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stage embryos. Somatic stem cells are generally believed to differentiate only into cells characteristic of the tissue wherein they reside. The germ cell is the only lineage that makes the genetic information across the generations in most multicellular organisms perpetuation. Mammalian gametes are derived from a founder population of primordial germ cells that are determined early in embryogenesis and set aside for unique development. Primordial germ cells are closely related to embryonic stem cells and embryonic germ cells. If genetic and epigenetic methodological limitations could be solved, therapeutic opportunities could be also considered. The differentiation of functional oocytes from stem cells may permit the success of human somatic cell nuclear transfer for reprogramming studies and for the production of patient-specific embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cell derived oocytes could ultimately help to restore fertility in women.

[Ma H, Yang Y. Germ Stem Cell. Stem Cell 2014;5(4):54-71] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 8

doi:10.7537/marsscj050414.08

Key words: DNA; life; stem cell; germ; differentiate

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Literatures Introducing of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Stem Cells

Ma Hongbao *, Yang Yan

Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4) is one of toll-like receptors that detects lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. The various TLRs exhibit different expression patterns. TLR 4 is most abundantly expressed in placenta. Mutations of TLR 4 gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. The molecular weight of TLR 4 is approximately 95 kDa.

[Ma H, Yang Y. Literatures Introducing of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Stem Cells. Stem Cell 2014;5(4):72-87] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 9

doi:10.7537/marsscj050414.09

Keywords: lipopolysaccharide (LPS); toll-like receptor (TLR); stem cell

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The Contribution of Muslim Scientists in Botanical Science: Studies on the Using of Gamma Rays for Ginger Plants (Zingiber Officinale)

Yoon Ai Rene⁴, Kamaludin Rashid^1*, Anas Tajudin², Khairul Hazmi Zainoldin³, Abu Bakar Daran¹, Arash Nezhadahmadi³, Faruq Golam^3*

^1. Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

^2. Faculty of Management and Information Technology, Sultan Azlan Shah Islamic College University, 33000, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia

^3. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

^4. Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

faruq@um.edu.my, kamalrashid@um.edu.my

Abstract: The effect of different exposure durations of gamma ray was used to determine the growth of ginger (Zingiber officinale). The exposure durations were 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 seconds with dose rate of 0.1613 Gy per second. The research was carried out in a Greenhouse at Institute of Biological Sciences, University Malaya and the parameters used were germination rate, survival rate and other morphological traits such as seedlings height, number of leaves, leaves length, leaves width and number of roots. It was observed that the average germination rate was decreased with each increase in gamma ray exposure duration. The survival rate also showed decrement with increment of exposure duration. In addition, the growth of ginger was reduced with the increment of exposure duration. However, there were some abnormalities in ginger caused by gamma ray. The abnormalities were the formation of dwarf ginger plant, the ginger plant with crooked stems and corrugated leaves. In conclusion, all the parameters were decreased with the increment in exposure duration of gamma ray.

[Yoon Ai Rene, Kamaludin Rashid, Anas Tajudin, Khairul Hazmi Zainoldin, Abu Bakar Daran, Arash Nezhadahmadi, Faruq Golam. The Contribution of Muslim Scientists in Botanical Science: Studies on the Using of Gamma Rays for Ginger Plants (Zingiber Officinale). Stem Cell 2014;5(4):88-94] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 10

Keywords: Gamma Ray; Ginger; Muslim Scientists; Zingiber Officinale

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