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Comparison Between Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells And Hematopoietic Stem Cells In Β-Islet Transdifferentiation

 Naglaa Ibrahim Azab^*1, Adel F. Al Kholy¹, Rabab Fawzi Salem¹, Hala Gabr², Awad M. El Abd¹

¹Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.

²Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

naglaa1270@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bone marrow is an abundant source of adult stem cells that can differentiate into numerous cell types. It could provide a potentially unlimited source of islet like cells for transplantation and thus a promising therapy for diabetes mellitus. We studied the in vitro differentiation capacity and the efficiency of the therapeutic potential of human bone marrow derived hematopoietic stem cells (BM-HSCs) in comparison to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) through culturing in high glucose medium containing exendin-4 and 20%fetal calf serum. Their differentiation capacity was assessed by insulin expression analysis using RT-PCR, intracellular insulin expression analysis using flow cytometry and the study of their therapeutic potential in alloxan–induced diabetic rats. We found that both BM-HSCs and BM-MSCs are capable of differentiation into IPCs as evidenced by positive insulin expression using RT-PCR. However, the mean value of insulin positive rate of differentiated BM-HSCs (40%) was significantly higher than that of differentiated BM-MSCs (19%). Also the transplanted differentiated BM-HSCs into the diabetic rats induced faster and better alleviation of fasting blood glucose level than the differentiated BM-MSCs. These results indicate better differentiation capacity of BM-HSCs into IPCs than BM-MSCs. In conclusion bone marrow stem cells offer a promising tool in providing autologous transplants of IPCs for the treatment of diabetes. However, researches must continue to improve the differentiation capacity of these cells.

[Naglaa Ibrahim Azab,Adel F. Al Kholy, Rabab Fawzi Salem, Hala Gabr, Awad M. El Abd]. Comparison Between Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells And Hematopoietic. Stem Cell. 2011;2(1):1-10] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net. 1

doi:10.7537/marsscj020111.01

Key words: Bone marrow, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, in vitro differentiation, exendin-4, insulin producing cells.

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MESUREMENT OF SOFTWARE TESTABILITY

Hari Om Sharan, Rajeev Kumar, Garima Singh, Mohammad Haroon

Department of Computer Science,

College of Engineering, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad (U.P.), India

Email: rajeevphd@hotmail.com, sharan.hariom@gmail.com, garimasingh.0606@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Building high quality and testable software is an essential requirement for software system. Software testability is a critical aspect during the software development life cycle. Software that is easily testable is known as testable software. Testability is an essential or distinctive aspect that is acquainted with the objective of predicting efforts needed for testing the program. Designing testability is a very important issue in software engineering. It is suggested to design software with high degree of testability. A program with high degree of testability illustrate that a selected testing criterion could be achieved with less effort and the existing faults can be revealed more easily during testing. This paper gives the concept of software testability, previously defined by The IEEE standard Glossary, our measurement for testability and complexity and also shares our thought and understanding about the testability in the object oriented system. [Hari Om Sharan, Rajeev Kumar, Garima Singh, Mohammad Haroon. Mesurement of Software Testability. Stem Cell 2011;2(1):11-19]. (ISSN 1545-4570). 2

doi:10.7537/marsscj020111.02

Keywords: Software Testing, Software Testability, Simplicity, Complexity.

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Discussion of Stem Cell Totipotent and Differentiation

Ma Hongbao *, Yang Yan *, Margaret Ma **

* Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

** Boston, Massachusetts 02138, USA

Abstract: The totipotent of stem cell is the most important property for the stem cell to keep the life continuously. All the cells can develop into an entire alive animal body that is same as the baby comes from the fertilized egg – the zygote. It is important to reverse the non-totipotent cell to the totipotent, which is the lifeline reverse that make the animal growth from old to younger.

[Ma H, Yang Y, Ma M. Discussion of Stem Cell Totipotent and Differentiation. Stem Cell 2011;2(1):20-24] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 3

doi:10.7537/marsscj020111.03

Key words: DNA; life; stem cell; totipotency

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Pluripotent of stem cells

Ma Hongbao *, Yang Yan *, Sun Yiwu *, Margaret Ma **

* Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

** Boston, Massachusetts 02138, USA

Abstract: All animal cells come from stem cells. Stem cell pluripotency means a stem cell having the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm. Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated to any fetal or adult cell type. However, the pluripotent stem cells cannot develop into a fetal or adult organism alone because they are lack of the potential to contribute to extraembryonic tissue, such as the placenta.

[Ma H, Yang Y, Sun Y, Ma M. Pluripotent of stem cells. Stem Cell 2011;2(1):25-35] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 4

doi:10.7537/marsscj020111.04

Key words: DNA; life; stem cell; pluripotency

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Studies of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) in renal stem cells regeneration

Ma Hongbao *, Yang Yan *, Sun Yiwu *, Margaret Ma **

* Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

** Boston, Massachusetts 02138, USA

Abstract: All animal cells come from stem cells. Stem cell pluripotency means a stem cell having the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm. Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated to any fetal or adult cell type. However, the pluripotent stem cells cannot develop into a fetal or adult organism alone because they are lack of the potential to contribute to extraembryonic tissue, such as the placenta. This article is a research protocol offered to the readers as the reference for their researches, and hope some scholars can get useful information in it.

[Ma H, Yang Y, Sun Y, Ma M. Studies of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) in renal stem cells regeneration. Stem Cell 2011;2(1):36-65] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 5

doi:10.7537/marsscj020111.05

Key words: DNA; life; stem cell; pluripotency

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Stem Cell and Apostosis Literatures

Mark H Smith

Queens, New York 11418, USA

mark20082009@gmail.com

Abstract: The definition of stem cell is “an unspecialized cell that gives rise to a specific specialized cell, such as a blood cell”. Stem Cell is the original of life. All cells come from stem cells. Serving as a repair system for the living body, the stem cells can divide without limit to replenish other cells as long as the living body is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell situation or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, a bone cell, a nerve cell, or a brain cell. Stem cell research is a typical and important topic of life science. This material collects some literatures on stem cell and apoptosis.

[Smith MH. Stem Cell and Apostosis Literatures. Stem Cell 2011;2(1):66-104] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 6

doi:10.7537/marsscj020111.06

Key words: stem cell; life; gene; DNA; protein

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Embryonic Stem Cell Literatures

Mark H Smith

Queens, New York 11418, USA

mark20082009@gmail.com

Abstract: The definition of stem cell is “an unspecialized cell that gives rise to a specific specialized cell, such as a blood cell”. Stem Cell is the original of life. All cells come from stem cells. Serving as a repair system for the living body, the stem cells can divide without limit to replenish other cells as long as the living body is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell situation or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, a bone cell, a nerve cell, or a brain cell. Stem cell research is a typical and important topic of life science. This material collects some literatures on embryonic stem cell.

[Smith MH. Embryonic Stem Cell Literatures. Stem Cell 2011;2(1):105-169] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 7

doi:10.7537/marsscj020111.07

Key words: stem cell; life; gene; DNA; protein

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