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Fungal/Mycotic Diseases of Poultry

Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh¹, Nagwa S. Rabie¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

²Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza Egypt

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Fungal/mycotic diseases cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry either due to their direct infectious nature or due to production of mycotoxins, the secondary fungal metabolites produced in grains or poultry feed. Several fungi have created havoc in the poultry industry and some of them cause direct harm to human health due to their zoonotic implications. They are responsible for high morbidity and mortality, especially in young birds and cause stunted growth and diarrhea; and fatal encephalitis. Mycotic dermatitis is a possible health hazard associated with poultry houses. Mycotoxins are the leading cause of producing immunosuppression in birds, which makes them prone to several bacterial and viral infections leading to huge economic losses to the poultry industry. In comparison to bacterial and viral diseases, advances in diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of fungal diseases in poultry has not taken much attention. Recently, molecular biological tools have been explored for rapid and accurate diagnosis of important fungal infections. Effective prevention and control measures include: appropriate hygiene, sanitation and disinfection, strict biosecurity programme and regular surveillance/monitoring of fungal infections as well as following judicious use of anti-fungal drugs. Precautionary measures during crop production, harvesting and storing and in feed mixing plants can help to check the fungal infections including health hazards of mycotoxins/mycotoxicosis. The review describes the fungal pathogens causing diseases in poultry/birds, especially focusing to their diagnosis, prevention and control measures.

[Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh, Nagwa S. Rabie and Mona S. Zaki. Fungal/Mycotic Diseases of Poultry. Stem Cell 2020;11(4):1-11]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 1. doi:10.7537/marsscj110420.01.

Keywords: Fungal; Mycotic; Disease; Poultry

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The Possible Role of Natural Food Additives for Controlling the Food Infection Bacteria

Azza S. M. Abuelnaga¹, Nagwa S. Atta¹, Mona S. Zaki², Hammam A. M.³, Sabra H. A. ³, Elsheshtawy R. I. ³, Desouky H. M. ³, Mona M. H. Soliman¹ and Hakim A.S. ¹

¹ Microbiolog and Immunology Department, National Reseach Centre, Cairo, Egypt

² Hydrobiology Department, National Reseach Centre, Cairo, Egypt

³ Animal Reproduction Department, National Reseach Centre, Cairo, Egypt

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: The food born bacteria can be transferred to human through consumption of contaminated food result in sporadic or outbreak onset. These days, due to consumer’s request; research surveys have concentrated on application of natural preservatives to replace the ordinary chemical sanitizers as well as classical antimicrobial for healthier nutrition and avoiding the multidrug resistance phenomenon. Raising awareness of consumers about natural and healthy products enhances the popularity of plants extracts and spices. This new access should be useful for combating food borne bacterial pathogens; moreover, the shelf-life of food would be sustained.

[Azza S. M. Abuelnaga, Nagwa S. Atta, Mona S. Zaki, Hammam A. M., Sabra H. A., Elsheshtawy R. I., Desouky H. M., Mona M. H. Soliman and Hakim A.S. The Possible Role of Natural Food Additives for Controlling the Food Infection Bacteria. Stem Cell 2020;11(4):12-22]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 2. doi:10.7537/marsscj110420.02.

Keywords: spices-medicinal plants-food poisoning bacteria –food infection

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Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale (ORT) Infection in Poultry

Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh¹, Nagwa S. Rabie¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

²Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza Egypt

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale (O. Rhinotracheale, ORT) infections can cause acute highly contagious diseases in poultry, which can be associated with high economic losses due to an increase in mortality rates, condemnation rates, drop in egg production or due to a decrease of the performance results. Up to now, ORT has not been found to be of public health significance. Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale (ORT) is a pathogen best known for causing respiratory tract infections, such as airsacculitis and pneumonia, in birds all over the world. ORT can be a primary or secondary etiological agent depending on strain virulence, adverse environmental factors, the immune state of the flock, and the presence of other infectious agents). The pathogen may cause systemic diseases such as hepatitis, joint lesions, and cerebrovascular pathology or could lead to economic losses due to growth retardation and the rejection of carcasses for consumption. Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale (ORT) has been firstly isolated from broiler chickens). Recently ORT has been isolated from ducks, goose, ostrich, pheasants, pigeons, quails, rook and turkey. In many countries of the world, ORT has been incriminated as a possible additional causative agent in respiratory disease complex in poultry. The organism causes substantial financial losses due to high rates of condemnation up to 50% in slaughtered affected flocks Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale was defined as Gram-negative, highly pleomorphic, non-motile, non sporulating bacteria Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale (ORT) Infection in Poultry.

[Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh, Nagwa S. Rabie and Mona S. Zaki. Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale (ORT) Infection in Poultry. Stem Cell 2020;11(4):23-29]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 3. doi:10.7537/marsscj110420.03.

Keywords: Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale (ORT); Infection; Poultry

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Stem Cell Research Literatures

Mark Herbert

World Development Institute

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma708090@gmail.com

Abstract: Stem cells are derived from embryonic and non-embryonic tissues. Most stem cell studies are for animal stem cells and plants have also stem cell. Stem cells were discovered in 1981 from early mouse embryos. Stem cells have the potential to develop into all different cell types in the living body. Stem cell is a body repair system. When a stem cell divides it can be still a stem cell or become adult cell, such as a brain cell. Stem cells are unspecialized cells and can renew themselves by cell division, and stem cells can also differentiate to adult cells with special functions. Stem cells replace the old cells and repair the damaged tissues. Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent. Adult stem cells are thought to be limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue of origin. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Herbert M. Stem Cell Research Literatures. Stem Cell 2020;11(4):30-110]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 4. doi:10.7537/marsscj110420.04.

Key words: stem cell; life; research; literature; gene

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Turritopsis dohrnii

Primarily from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter)

Mark Herbert, PhD

World Development Institute

39 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma708090@gmail.com

Abstract: Turritopsis dohrnii, also known as the immortal jellyfish, is a species of small, biologically immortal jellyfish found worldwide in temperate to tropic waters. It is one of the few known cases of animals capable of reverting completely to a sexually immature, colonial stage after having reached sexual maturity as a solitary individual. Others include the jellyfish Laodicea undulata and species of the genus Aurelia.

[Mark Herbert. Turritopsis dohrnii. Stem Cell 2020;11(4):111-114]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 5. doi:10.7537/marsscj110420.05.

Keywords: Turritopsis dohrnii； immortal jellyfish, biologically immortal; animals; sexual maturity

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