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Viral Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease

Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh¹, Nagwa S. Rabie¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

²Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza Egypt.

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is a calicivirus of the genus Lagovirus that causes rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) in adult European rabbits (Oryctolaguscuniculus). First described in China in 1984, the virus rapidly spread worldwide and is nowadays considered as endemic in several countries. Factors that may have precipitated RHD emergence remain unclear, but non-pathogenic strains seem to pre-date the appearance of the pathogenic strains suggesting a key role for the comprehension of the virus origins. All pathogenic strains are classified within one single serotype, but two subtypes are recognised, RHDV and RHDVa. RHD causes high mortality in both domestic and wild adult animals, The disease is characterised by acute necrotising hepatitis, but haemorrhages may also be found in other organs, in particular the lungs, heart, and kidneys due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Resistance to the disease might be explained in part by genetically determined absence or weak expression of attachment factors, but humoral immunity is also important. Disease control in rabbits relies mainly on vaccination and biosecurity measures.

[Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh, Nagwa S. Rabie and Mona S. Zak. Viral Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease. Stem Cell 2019;10(3):1-9]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 1. doi:10.7537/marsscj100319.01.

Keywords: Rabbit, Viral Hemorrhagic, Disease

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Different protocols of Magnesium Sulfate in Management of Severe Pre-eclampsia

Dr. Ashraf Elshahat Elsayed Ahmed M.B.B. Ch., MSc, MD

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Email: ashraf.2380@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Preeclampsia is a syndrome of extensive vascular endothelial malfunction and vasospasm that occurs after 20 weeks' gestation. MgSO₄ is the drug of choice for management of women with eclampsia. Protocols for the administration of MgSO₄ have changed over the years, but have not well formally evaluated. Objectives: To determine the minimal effective dose of magnesium sulfate in handling cases of severe preeclampsia and prevention of eclampsia and to define whether only loading dose of magnesium sulfate is effective in the prevention of eclampsia. Material and method: A randomized controlled study was performed in the Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, El-Hussein and Bab El-Shearya Hospital, Al Azhar University during the period from January 2019 to the end of June 2019 included 300 pregnant women with criteria of severe preeclampsia and was divided into three groups; Group A=100 patients who took an only loading dose of MgSO₄ with no postpartum maintenance sulfate. Group B =100 patients given reduced doses of MgSO₄ (only for 12 hours) in the postpartum period. Group C=100 patients given a full dose of maintenance MgSO₄ (for 24 hours) in the postpartum period. Results: Three hundred patients with severe preeclampsia were enlistedin our study, there is a substantial evidence supports the use of magnesium sulfate for the prevention and treatment of eclampsia, there was no significant difference between occurrence of eclampsia in the three groups after either administration of loading dose of MgSO₄ only or administration of loading dose with maintenance dose for 12 hours or maintenance dose for 24 hours in the studied patients. Conclusion: In view of the identical effectiveness, rarer side effects, simplicity of monitoring and cost-reduction of the loading dose in the controlling of pre-eclampsia is better to other regimes of administration requiring several doses.

[Ashraf Elshahat Elsayed Ahmed. Different protocols of Magnesium Sulfate in Management of Severe Pre-eclampsia. Stem Cell 2019;10(3):10-15]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 2. doi:10.7537/marsscj100319.02.

Keywords: Severe preeclampsia, Magnetism sulfate, Loading dose, Abbreviated dose.

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Common Duck Diseases

Kh. M. Elbayoumi ¹, Nagwa S. Rabie ¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

² Hydrobiology Departments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ducks are waterfowl and considered relatively resistant to many common diseases of birds. There are many diseases that can affect waterfowl species and have rapid spread in the ducks as Bumble foot (Staph Infection), Duck Virus hepatitis, Duck Plague (Duck Virus Enteritis). Riemerella anatipestifer Infection, Avian Cholera, Colibacillosis, Also toxins causing death in ducks due to Aflatoxin poisoning, Botulism, Castor bean poisoning, Rapeseed meal, Insecticides, rodenticides. The review discusses the most important causes of diseases and toxins which causing deaths in Ducks and leads to economic losses.

[Kh. M. Elbayoumi, Nagwa S. Rabie and Mona S. Zak. Common Duck Diseases. Stem Cell 2019;10(3):16-20]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 3. doi:10.7537/marsscj100319.03.

Keywords: Duck; relatively resistant; common; disease; bird; waterfowl; species; Bumble foot; Virus; hepatitis; Plague Avian; Cholera, Colibacillosis; poison

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Phenol Toxicity in Fish

Mona S. Zaki and Mostafa H. Osfour

Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

drmonazaki@yhaoo.com

Abstract: Phenolic are compounds found in the environment which can cause fish stressed or xenobiotic. Phenol exposed fish showed disorders in the metabolic toxicity indicators as hypoglycemia, low blood urea nitrogen level (BUN) and decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). In addition, quantitative structure-activity relationships were developed using the n-octanol: water partition coefficient (log Kow). Positive correlations were found with ALP, plasma glucose and hemoglobin. The perfuse skin mucous secretion was prominent in phenol intoxicated catfish. This can beexplained by the fact that skin in among the first to be in close contact with the dissolved pollutants. Hence, reactions in the skin cells are spontaneous as a protection mechanism through increasing level of mucous secretion over the body surface, forming a barrier between the body and the toxic medium, minimizing its irritation effect, thus, scavenge or even eliminates toxicants through the epidermal mucous. Nervous manifestation; skin expressed perfuse mucous, black patches with skin erosion and ulceration in the later stages. All observation were correlated to the time and dose exposure. In conclusions phenol reduces of the hormonal immune response as detected by decrease of IgM level and cortisol elevation. Suppress IgM, Thyroxin (T4) hormone and insulin levels.

[Mona S. Zaki and Mostafa H. Osfour. Phenol Toxicity in Fish. Stem Cell 2019;10(3):21-23]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 4. doi:10.7537/marsscj100319.04.

Keyword：Phenol Toxicity in Fish

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Effects of Probiotics on growth performance

Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh¹, Nagwa S. Rabie¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

²Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza Egypt.

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Probiotics are products containing a single viable strain of beneficial bacteria or multiple bacterial strains that colonize the crop, small intestine, ceca, and cloaca. Beneficial microorganisms in probiotics ( in feed or water) may inhibit enteric pathogens by competing for attachment sites on surface of enterocytes, competing for nutrients, and producing antibacterial compounds (volatile fatty acids, low pH, and bacterocins) Moreover, probiotic may negatively affect pathogen metabolism by increasing or decreasing enzyme activity and stimulating immunity by increasing antibody levels and macrophage activity Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics can be used to modify the gut environment to prevent introbacterial pathogens colonization, invasion, multiplication, and shedding. The review discusses the modes of action like antibacterial, competitive exclusion (CE), and immunomodulatory properties of probiotics, particularly in poultry. it is necessary to conduct more researches with prebiotics and probiotics as well as other feed additives to understand the detailed mechanisms of action and identify better alternatives for poultry production and health.

[Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh, Nagwa S. Rabie and Mona S. Zaki. Effects of Probiotics on growth performance. Stem Cell 2019;10(3):24-29]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 5. doi:10.7537/marsscj100319.05.

Keywords: Effect; Probiotics; growth; performance

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Lead toxicity in aquatic environments

Mona S. Zaki¹, Samy Shalby², Refat A. Yousef ³and Mostafa H. Osfour⁴

¹Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

²Animal reproduction Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

³Soil and water use Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

⁴Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Lead has the highest recycling and reuse rates compared to other major metals and lead batteries, the main application for lead, has a recycling rate of 99% in Europe and North America. Lead batteries also provide cost-effective storage for renewable energy, such as solar and wind power. In addition, most of the world’s fixed and mobile phone networks and IT infrastructure relies on lead batteries for back-up emergency power in case of mains power failure in hospitals, public buildings and for the emergency services. Lead also protects underwater cables used to transmit offshore renewable wind and wave power and to keep the world connected. Architectural lead sheet will outlast any other roofing material and is 100% recyclable, while lead sheet is also unrivalled as a barrier to radiation in medical scanning equipment used in hospitals, dental surgeries and laboratories. Like many other metals, lead is found naturally in the environment. Its unique chemical properties, versatile uses and economic values have made it an integral part of our modern society. Natural lead and sources from human activity may enter aquatic environments, but a large proportion of this is ultimately deposited in the sediments of river, estuaries and coastal areas where its availability to harm aquatic organisms is very low. In addition, most lead compounds have low solubility in water and undergo changes to form complexes that are not bioavailable. Concerns regarding lead in surface waters may arise if exposure concentrations increase to a level that is higher than the tolerable effect concentrations of an ecosystem. Such cases are mostly local, originating from a point source, and are controlled by applying proper management measures that are often defined by regulatory standards or operating permits applied to the manufacturing site.

[Mona S. Zaki, Samy Shalby, Refat A. Yousef and Mostafa H. Osfour. Lead toxicity in aquatic environments. Stem Cell 2019;10(3):30-33]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 6. doi:10.7537/marsscj100319.06.

Keywords: lead, fish, environment.

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Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Three-Dimensional Dam-Break Flows

Azim Shirdeli^1,*, Vahid Naderkhanloo², Ali Samadi Rahim²

¹ Water Engineering Department, Zanjan University, Iran

²Water Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran

Abstract: The numerical model can be used to predict flood wave propagation and provide the information about the flood properties. The purpose of this paper is to presents simulation of dam-break problem by three dimensional model of Mike3 Flow Model FM. The model is verified with laboratory experimental test case on a frictionless horizontal bottom for water surface elevation in five benchmark points. A good agreement between experimental data and simulation results is observed. The computed arrival time of the flood wave front and the maximum flow depths at various observation points matched well with the measurements on physical model. Also, turbulence modeling does not affect the velocity profile in the upstream reservoir, but has significant influence on the prediction of downstream velocity; the velocity magnitude at a specific location changes with time, but the shape of the velocity profiles remains similar. Therefore, the Mike3 model can correctly account for complex dam-break flows and giving a satisfactory prediction of the major characteristics such as water depth, flood extent, flood wave arrival time and velocity profiles. The results indicate that this model can be applied for simulation of dam-break problem in real life cases.

[Azim Shirdeli, Vahid Naderkhanloo, Ali Samadi Rahi. Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Three-Dimensional Dam-Break Flows. Stem Cell 2019;10(3):34-43]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 7. doi:10.7537/marsscj100319.07.

Keywords: Dam-Break Flows, Flood Simulations, Mike3 Flow Model FM, Three-Dimensional Model.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research Literatures

Mark Herbert, PhD

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Stem cells are derived from embryonic and non-embryonic tissues. Most stem cell studies are for animal stem cells and plants have also stem cell. Stem cells were discovered in 1981 from early mouse embryos. Stem cells have the potential to develop into all different cell types in the living body. Stem cell is a body repair system. When a stem cell divides it can be still a stem cell or become adult cell, such as a brain cell. Stem cells are unspecialized cells and can renew themselves by cell division, and stem cells can also differentiate to adult cells with special functions. Stem cells replace the old cells and repair the damaged tissues. Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent. Adult stem cells are thought to be limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue of origin. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the mesenchymal stem cell related studies.

[Mark H. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research Literatures. Stem Cell 2019;10(3):44-89]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 8. doi:10.7537/marsscj100319.08.

Key words: stem cell; mesenchymal; life; research; literature

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