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An analytical study of the current situation of the most important exports of medicinal and aromatic plants

Ghada A.M. Al Damrawi¹ and Samia, E.A. Hatem²

¹Senior Researcher, Agricultural Economics Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), P.O. Box 256, Giza, Egypt

²Researcher, Agricultural Economics Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), P.O. Box 256, Giza, Egypt

Abstract: The issue of export development is one of the important issues that occupies a prominent place on the map of economic policy priorities because it is one of the permanent and important sources. Results show that Poland, Germany, and America are the most important global markets receiving Egyptian exports of marjoram, as they absorbed what was exported to them of marjoram, equivalent to about 55.9% of the average total amount of Egypt's exports of marjoram to the world, with a value equivalent to 59.7% of the average value of Egypt's total exports of marjoram to the world during the period (2017-2022). Equivalent to about 38.8% of the average total amount of Egypt's exports of green mint to the world with a value of more than 45.7% during the period (2017-2022).And that Mexico is the most important global market receiving Egyptian exports of wormwood, as it absorbed what was exported to them of wormwood, equivalent to about 86.5% of the average total amount of Egypt's exports of wormwood to the world during the period (2017-2022).Raya of basil, where it absorbed what was exported to them of basil, equivalent to about 64.15% of the average total amount of Egypt's exports of basil seeds to the world during the period (2017-2022).as the values of the commodity concentration coefficient for Egyptian exports of marjoram, mint, wormwood and basil for the most important countries of the world are much less than 40%, and this indicates the increase in commodity diversity of Egyptian exports of marjoram, mint, wormwood and basil, and this is one of the success factors for the export policy, which depends on diversity and reducing the risk of dependence On one crop or product or a few crops and export products.

[Ghada A.M. Al Damrawi  and Samia, E.A. Hatem^. An analytical study of the current situation of the most important exports of medicinal and aromatic plants. World Rural Observ 2024; 16(2):1-12]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online).http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 01. doi:10.7537/marswro160224.01.

Key Words: Competitiveness indicators, Medicinal and aromatic plants, Instability coefficient, Reconcentration coefficient

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PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVING THE EFFICIENT USE OF LAND RESOURCES AND THE TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN

Faizullaev Maqsud Abdullaevich

Karshi State University Associate Professor of Geography Department, PhD.

Karshi city, Uzbekistan

E-mail address: kamronmaqsudovich@gmail.com

Annotation. The article describes the problems that have arisen in the effective use of land resources and regional organization of agriculture, and the priorities for their elimination.

[Faizullaev Maqsud Abdullaevich. PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVING THE EFFICIENT USE OF LAND RESOURCES AND THE TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN. World Rural Observ 2024;16(2):13-15]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 02.  doi:10.7537/marswro160224.02.

Keywords. Agriculture, land, water, food security, irrigated land, land reclamation, drip irrigation

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PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITIES OF INDIGENOUS AND SASSO T44 BREED LAYERS KEPT UNDER RURAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF DALE SEDI DISTRICT OF KELLEM

WOLLEGA ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA

1, Endalew Abdeta Nemo, email = tajurendo@gmail.com

2, Dr Mohammed Husen Tayer, email = mohamedhusen866@gmail.com

3, Dr Mati Roba Bulcha

4,Lishan Takele (M.Sc),email = nishhan8@gmail.com

5,Solomon Demeke  (prof), emal = solomondemeke2000@gmail.com

1, 2 and 3 Dale Sadi District Livestock and Agriculture Office

4 and 5 Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary medicine

Corresponding Author, Endalew Abdeta Nemo, Dale Sadi District Livestock and Agriculture Office, +251917208941

ABSTRACT: This study was aimed to assess management practices, production performance and evaluate egg qualities of indigenous and Sasso T44 breed layers kept under rural management of Dale Sedi Woreda of Kellem Wellega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was employed. A total of 194 HHs were selected for the survey and 33 volunteer HHs were selected for the on-farm monitoring test. The survey and On-farm monitoring data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20 and GLM procedure of SAS 9.3 respectively. Least squares mean (LSM) were employed for mean comparisons and Turkey’s Honesty significant difference (HSD) test was used to separate the means. Index method was used ranking and prioritizing constraints and opportunities. A considerable portion of the studied chicken owners was male (56.20%) and the female (43.80%). The average of chickens holding per households of local and sasso T44 was 7.63±.10 and 3.12±.20 respectively. The mean of age at first sexual maturity of male, femaleand total egg production per year per hen of local chicken was6.2month,6.20 month and 60.71 respectively with significance difference(p<0.05) among agroecology. The overall mean age at sexual maturity of male, female and total egg production per year per hen of sasso T44 was 5.5, 5.50 months and 237.36 respectively with significance difference at (p<0.05) between two agroecology. In this study most of the internal and external egg quality traits evaluated was affected by agroecology, breed and by the interaction of the two. The body weight, daily weight gain, age at first egg lay total egg production up to 44weeks and weekly egg production were highly significant (P<0.001) difference among breed and agroecology. Average daily egg production/ head of sasso T44 and local breed were 0.56, and 0.19 respectively. On the other hands the weekly egg production performance of both breed were at increasing up to 36^th week egg production performance was higher at this age as compared to other groups of age. From this work it is recommend that Sasso T44 can be considered for future selected breed to improve the production and productivity with appropriate management and disease control in the area.

[WOLLEGA ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA. PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITIES OF INDIGENOUS AND SASSO T44 BREED LAYERS KEPT UNDER RURAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF DALE SEDI DISTRICT OF KELLEM. World Rural Observ 2024;16(2):16-41]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 03. doi:10.7537/marswro160224.03.

Key words: egg quality, Indigenous Chicken, Production Performance, rural management, Sasso T44

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TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF CASSAVA FARMERS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA

Abdu-Raheem, K. A, Oluwatusin, F. M, Kolawole, A. O. 

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Services,

Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.

e-mail: kamal.abduraheem@eksu.edu.ng

Abstract: This study measured the technical efficiency of cassava farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 120 respondents for the study. Primary data were collected from the randomly selected respondents through a well-structured and self-administered questionnaire.  The results of the study indicated that more than half (52.5%) of the cassava farmers were older than 50 years of age and had household sizes within the range of 6-10 persons. About 51.6 percent of the respondents had more than a primary school education. No difference existed between those with tertiary education and those without formal education in terms of the farm size (4.00 ha) cultivated. The use of combined labour (family and hired labour) was prevalent among the farmers as submitted by 65.8 percent of the cassava farmers. Results from the Stochastic Frontier Production Function (SFPF) model indicated that the cost of cassava stem, depreciation value of tools, cost of fertilizer used and farm size was significantly different from zero and of importance in the production of cassava. Also, the year of formal education, farming experience, marital status and the number of extension visits were the major socio-economic characteristics affecting the technical inefficiency of the cassava farmers. Essentially, the technical efficiency of cassava farmers ranges between 0.334 and 0.972 with a mean value of 0.790. This shows that on average, farmers were able to obtain about 80% of potential output from a given set of inputs. For technical efficiency to be improved in the study area, the year of formal education and farming experience should be considered by policymakers. Also, more extension services should be made available to the farmers.

[Abdu-Raheem, K. A, Oluwatusin, F. M, Kolawole, A. O. TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF CASSAVA FARMERS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA. World Rural Observ 2024;16(2):42-48]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 04. doi:10.7537/marswro160224.04.

Keywords: Cassava farmers, Technical efficiency

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survey on mortality, morbidity and associated risk factors in the selected kebeles of three district, benishangul gumuz regional state

¹Asmamaw Aki*, ²Birhanu Eticha, ³Dejen Tsehayeneh

^{1 and 3} Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: 0902330029

² Benishangul Gumuz Regional State Bureau of Agriculture P.O. Box 30, Assosa, Ethiopia; e-mail: brihanueticha12@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Questionnaire survey was conducted on retrospective mortality and morbidity at 11 kebeles of Bambasi, Homosha and kurmuk districts, with the objective to identify the main constraints related to livestock production and cause of morbidity, mortality and their associated risk factors. In this survey, the demographic features of respondents were assessed and 10.8%, 16.84%, 3.04%, 2.94% and 66.43% of relative mortality rates were recorded in Cattle, Goat, Sheep, Donkey and poultry respectively in three districts (11 kebeles) of study sites. The highest and lowest (3.54%) and (0.69%) crude mortality rates were recorded in poultry and cattle respectively. According to Livestock owners response, the highest causes of morbidity were Trypanosomosis (14.16%) , CBPP (12.4%), PPR (10.67%) and NCD (22.55%) and of avian salmonellosis (12.70%), CCPP (9.52%) and of Bovine pastuerellosis (6.86%), while the lowest morbidity rates were of shoat pox (5.97%), and  ovine pasteurelloss (2.73%). Among the respondents, 100%, 93.2%, 94.52%, 89.04%, and 76.71%  ranked Trypanosomosis, CBPP, PPR, Pasteurellosis and NCD as the highest priority animal diseases while, (4.11%) and (9.58%) of respondents indicated, Toxic plant and shoat pox  as the lowest priority animal diseases respectively. In 11 kebeles of the surveyed sites, average frequency of treatment per animal/per year was 18, 11.66 and 7.33 for cattle, shoat and equines respectively. Majority (97.3%) of the study participants indicated that, animal diseases were transmitted by flies, while 47.94%, 17.80%, and 21.91% of respondents stated that the diseases were transmitted by ticks, treatment materials, and other (stress) respectively. In study areas, inappropriate treatment, irregular vaccination schedule, less monitoring and evaluation system and weak disease surveillance were the main gap identified. Therefore, strategic prevention and control measures should be implemented properly in study area so to mitigate the fore mentioned problems.

[Asmamaw Aki, Birhanu Eticha, Dejen Tsehayeneh. survey on mortality, morbidity and associated risk factors in the selected kebeles of three district, benishangul gumuz regional state. World Rural Observ 2024;16(2):49-63]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 05. doi:10.7537/marswro160224.05.

Keywords: Districts, morbidity, mortality and respondents

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SEROPREVALENCE OF SMALL RUMINANT BRUCELLOSIS IN ETHIOPIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Desalegn Zemene¹, Tsegaw Fentie¹, Tsegaye Aseredie², Adem Beyan³

^{1, 3} Livestock Resources Development Office Lay Armachiho, Ethiopia.

¹ Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia.

² Agricultural Research Institutes, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Email:  desalegnzemene2008@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified brucellosis as a neglected zoonotic bacterial disease and determined that it has the largest public health burden among all community segments. The purpose of this research is to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review on seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis in Ethiopia. The data searching journal like PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar was used to search the articles. All articles are screened, which was reported seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis in Ethiopia to be included in the study. Meta-analysis are declared by the effect size by prevalence and standard error of the prevalence which had been analyzed using random-effects models was used to calculate the pooled seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis in Ethiopia. The study determined that the estimated pooled seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis was 3.0% (95% CI: 0.02, 0.03). According to the subgroup analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between the disease and the study region, publication year, laboratory technique used and studies years. Additionally, there was some indication of publication bias in papers reporting the prevalence of small ruminant brucellosis in Ethiopia (Egger's test, p = 0.001). This analysis demonstrates the high seroprevalence of brucellosis in Ethiopia and the necessity of suitable intervention strategies, such as increased public awareness creations and vaccination campaigns, as well as ongoing surveillance to manage and prevent brucellosis in cattle husbandry methods.

[Desalegn Zemene^*, Tsegaw Fentie, Tsegaye Aseredie, Adem Beyan. SEROPREVALENCE OF SMALL RUMINANT BRUCELLOSIS IN ETHIOPIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. World Rural Observ 2024;16(2):64-81]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 06. doi:10.7537/marswro160224.06.

Keywords: Brucellosis, Ethiopia, Meta-analysis, Seroprevalence, Small ruminant

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PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF BABESIOSIS IN CATTLE IN LAY ARMACHIHO DISTRICTS OF AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA

Desalegn Zemene¹, Adem Beyan², Nigussie Sema²

^1,2Livestock Resources and Development Office Lay Armachiho, Ethiopia.

Email: desalegnzemene2008@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Tick borne hemoparasites are causing devastating losses to the livestock industry and thus pose major constraints to the livestock production throughout the world. A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling was conducted from November 2022 to September 2023 in Lay Armachiho districts of Amhara region of Ethiopia with the objectives to estimate prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine babesiosis in cattle in Lay Armachiho districts. A total of 402 blood samples were collected from randomly selected cattle to assess the presence of babesia species by using thin smear technique in the study districts. The overall prevalence of bovine Babesiosis was found to be 5.73%. In this study, Babesia bigemina (3.73%) and Babesia bovis (2%) were encountered. The highest prevalence of bovine babesiosis was found in Jiha and Addisgie kebele (9%) and this difference was statistically non significant (P=0.342 and 0.268) rspectively. According to multivariable logistic regression analysis, Body condition score, agro ecology, communal grazing land health status were identified as potential risk factors. In conclusion, currently low awareness or knowledge of the livestock owners about the diseases transmitted by ticks could be attributed to a lack of treatments and shortfall of control strategies in animals and resulting in significant economic loss and increases occurrence of the diseases. In order to minimize losses attributed to bovine babesiosis in the area strategic tick control techniques should be implemented, as it is a level of control that prevents ticks from becoming a nuisance.

[Desalegn Zemene, Adem Beyan, Nigussie Sema. PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF BABESIOSIS IN CATTLE IN LAY ARMACHIHO DISTRICTS OF AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA. World Rural Observ 2024;16(2):82-89]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 07. doi:10.7537/marswro160224.07.

Key words: babesiosis, cattle, Lay Armachiho, Risk Factors, Prevalence

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