No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

Full Text

No.

1

A Comparative Study of Egypt Crop Yields in New Lands and Old Lands

Howayda Y. Botros and Maha M.Bastawy

Agricultural Economics Research Institute - Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt

Email: howayda.y@yahoo.com

Abstract: Egypt attempts to enhance its food production through the horizontal expansion of arable land to the sandy desert. The reclaimed land in the desert is referred to as new lands to differentiate it from the old farming land.  The total cultivated area in the newly reclaimed land was about 3.1 million feddans as an annual average for the period 2017-2021. The largest effort of land reclamation took place in the Nubaria region with an estimated area of about one million feddan. The total value of farm production in year 2020 amounted to EGP 595.7 billion where the contribution of old lands was about 77.6 percent and the contribution of new lands was about 22.4 percent. Egypt is keen to increase its production of the wheat crop through the expansion of wheat acreage in the newly reclaimed lands. The contribution of the new lands to the national wheat acreage increased from about 11.3 percent in 1990-1999 to about 22.43   in 2010-2021. The average crop yield of the wheat crop per feddan was about 16 ardab for the old lands and 10 ardab for the new lands during the period 1990-1999.  This average increased to 19 ardab for the old lands and 16  ardab for the new lands during the recent period of 2010-2021.The wheat yield gap between the old land and the new lands has been narrowing over the time period of 1990-2021. Furthermore, the incremental yield improvement for the white maize crop is higher for the new lands than its counterpart for the old lands. Another important export crop is potatoes.  The acreage of potatoes has increased between the periods of 1990-1999 and 2000-2009 by 14 percent in the old lands and by 41 percent in the new lands. . Finally, the potato crop yield has increased annually during the study period by statistically significant rates of about 0.11 tons in the old lands and 0.21 tons in the new lands. That is the incremental yield improvement for the potato crop in the new lands is almost twice its counterpart for the old lands.

[Howayda Y. Botros  and  Maha M.Bastawy. A Comparative Study of Egypt Crop Yields in New Lands and Old Lands. World Rural Observ 2023;15(4):1-12]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 01. doi:10.7537/marswro150423.01.

Keywords: Old lands, new lands, field crops, vegetable crops, acreage, crop yield, trend equations, yield gap

Full Text

1

2

PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF BABESIOSIS IN CATTLE IN LAY ARMACHIHO DISTRICTS OF AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA

Desalegn Zemene¹, Adem Beyan², Nigussie Sema²

^1,2Livestock Resources and Development Office Lay Armachiho, Ethiopia. Email: desalegnzemene2008@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Tick borne hemoparasites are causing devastating losses to the livestock industry and thus pose major constraints to the livestock production throughout the world. A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling was conducted from November 2022 to September 2023 in Lay Armachiho districts of Amhara region of Ethiopia with the objectives to estimate prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine babesiosis in cattle in Lay Armachiho districts. A total of 402 blood samples were collected from randomly selected cattle to assess the presence of babesia species by using thin smear technique in the study districts. The overall prevalence of bovine Babesiosis was found to be 5.73%. In this study, Babesia bigemina (3.73%) and Babesia bovis (2%) were encountered. The highest prevalence of bovine babesiosis was found in Jiha and Addisgie kebele (9%) and this difference was statistically non significant (P=0.342 and 0.268) rspectively. According to multivariable logistic regression analysis, Body condition score, agro ecology, communal grazing land health status were identified as potential risk factors. In conclusion, currently low awareness or knowledge of the livestock owners about the diseases transmitted by ticks could be attributed to a lack of treatments and shortfall of control strategies in animals and resulting in significant economic loss and increases occurrence of the diseases. In order to minimize losses attributed to bovine babesiosis in the area strategic tick control techniques should be implemented, as it is a level of control that prevents ticks from becoming a nuisance.

[Desalegn Zemene, Adem Beyan, Nigussie Sema. PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF BABESIOSIS IN CATTLE IN LAY ARMACHIHO DISTRICTS OF AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA. World Rural Observ 2023;15(4):13-20]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 02. doi:10.7537/marswro150423.02.

Keywords: babesiosis, cattle, Lay Armachiho, Risk Factors, Prevalence

Full Text

2

3

North America Earthquake Zone and Geoscope

                                                                           Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana, India.

                                                            Email: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

                                                    Google pay A/C No.+91 9989239159

Abstract: here are several major earthquake zones in North America. One of the most notable can be found on Alaska's central coast, extending north to Anchorage and Fairbanks. In 1964, one of the most powerful earthquakes in modern history, measuring 9.2 on the Richter scale, struck Prince William Sound in Alaska.  Another zone of activity stretches along the coast from British Columbia to Baja Mexico where the Pacific plate rubs against the North American plate. California's Central Valley, San Francisco Bay Area and much of Southern California are crisscrossed with active fault lines that have spawned a number of notable quakes, including the magnitude 7.7 temblor that helped level San Francisco in 1906. In Mexico, an active quake zone follows the western Sierras south from near Puerta Vallarta to the Pacific coast at the Guatemala border. In fact, most of the western coast of Central America is seismically active as the Cocos plate rubs against the Caribbean plate. The eastern edge of North America is quiet by comparison, though there is a small zone of activity near the entry to the St. Lawrence River in Canada. Other areas of lesser earthquake activity include the New Madrid fault region where the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers converge near Missouri, Kentucky and Illinois. Another region forms an arc from Jamaica to southeastern Cuba and across Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Geoscope is very useful to detect the earthquakes hence Geoscope establishments should be taken in order to capture the consequences just like earthquakes etc in the underground area of this zone.The details of the Geoscope are described below

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. North America Earthquake Zone and Geoscope. World Rural Observ 2023;15(4):21-  31]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 03. doi:10.7537/marswro150423.03.

Keywords: G.R. Irlapati’s Geoscope, earth quakes, Simple geoscope model, Modern geoscooe model, seismic luminescence study, electrogeogram test, Time-Travel-Machine, Geo-machine, Earth-machine, Artificial rains, Artificial cyclones, Artificial underground waters

Full Text

3

4

Changes in climate are going to happen in Marshall Islands in the coming years upto 2075s...Monsoon Time Scales are warning

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Google pay A/C No. +91 99 89 239 159

Abstract: According to Global Monsoon Time Scales, changes in climate are going to happen in the  Marshall Islands in the coming years upto 2075's. Future changes are expected to include a warmer atmosphere, a warmer and more acidic ocean, higher sea levels and larger changes in precipitation pattern. According to an estimate, the climate of the  Marshall Islands will change in the coming years and Heavy rains and floods will occur. The rivers that currently flowing normally will overflow. Dry rivers will be full. The dried lakes will be full. Overall, until the coming year 2075's, many countries of the world including the  Marshall Islands will be flooded with heavy rains, snow and other precipitation and floods in the coming years. Through this research proposal, we can know the future consequences of the climate of the Marshall Islands and prevention and mitigation measures can be made accordingly. So, scientists can establish Monsoon Time Scale for the  Marshall Islands and predict what is going to happen in that  Marshall Islands in the coming years roughly.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Changes in climate are going to happen in Marshall Islands in the coming years       upto 2075s Monsoon Time Scales are warning. World Rural Observ 2023;15(4):32-102]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 04. doi:10.7537/marswro150423.04.

Keywords:  Monsoons Time Scales, North American Monsoon Time Scale, North African Monsoon Time Scale, Indian Monsoons Time Scale, East Asian Monsoon Time Scale, Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale, South American Monsoon Time Scale, South African Monsoon Time Scale, Australian Monsoon Time Scale, European Monsoon Time Scale

Full Text

4

5

A Comparative Study on the Use of Energy Systems In Agricultural Production and Financing Methods: A Case Study of Wheat In The New Valley

Mohamed H. A. Ali; Rania A. E. Tolba; Khaled A. A. Ahmed

Agricultural Economic Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt

dr.rania_tolba@yahoo.com

Abstract: Worldwide attention has been increasingly directed towards the use of renewable energy, with solar energy being one of the most important sources. Due to Egypt's geographical advantage with high solar radiation, the state has shown interest in the New Valley Governorate in recent years to boost the agricultural sector, particularly wheat production, contributing to overall development and food security. The research problem lies in the high costs of irrigation using traditional energy systems, forming around 35-40% of production costs in the Wadi region. Given the state's efforts to reduce the wheat food gap, expanding into desert lands has become essential. However, high irrigation costs contribute to increased production expenses and reduced returns for farmers. The research aims to understand the impact of different energy systems on wheat irrigation, including diesel, electricity, and solar cells. It analyzes production situations, production costs, and economic returns in the Republic and the New Valley, using both descriptive and quantitative analysis methods. The research revealed that the New Valley is strategically located in the Western Desert, covering about 44% of Egypt's total area. The governorate relies on groundwater for irrigation, with approximately 3,150 million m³ available. Wheat cultivation occupies 58% of the cultivated area in the New Valley, emphasizing its importance. Regarding the financial indicators for establishing a solar power station with a capacity of 107.25 KW in the study areas, the net present value of costs and revenues was 49,76.6 thousand dollars, at a discount rate of about 18%. The net present value was around $27,300, with a benefit-to-cost ratio of about 1.55%, a higher internal rate of return of about 32%, and a payback period of 4.8 years. The return of investment was approximately 18.01%, aligning with the discount rate, confirming the economic viability of solar energy projects. The positive financial evaluation criteria recommend expanding and implementing such projects.

[Mohamed H. A. Ali; Rania A. E. Tolba; Khaled A. A. Ahmed. A comparative study on the use of energy systems in agricultural production and financing methods: A case study of wheat in the New Valley. World Rural Observ 2023;15(4):103-112]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 05. doi:10.7537/marswro150423.05.

Keywords: Renewable energy, solar cells, wheat, New Valley, financing, carbon credits

Full Text

5