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Development of micro-propagation protocol for Apple Balady cultivar using leaf and barcoding using rbcL gene

Sayed, A. A. Elsayh¹; Rasha, N. Arafa² and Shafik, D. Ibrahim³

¹Agricultural Research Centre, Horticulture Institute, Department Breeding, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

²The Central Laboratory of Date Palm Researches and Development, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt

³Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt

Email: rashanagyarafa@gmail.com

Abstract: The aims of this work are to develop a tissue culture and speedy micro-propagation technical system, as well as an effective shoots regeneration process using apple Balady cultivar leaf explants. In vitro leaves would be used as explants for the induction of adventitious shoots, and the impact of various kinds and concentricity of cytokinins as well as carbon sources on shoots regeneration were investigated. In vitro leaves were being used as explants for adventitious shoots induction and the impacts of various cytokinins quantity and type, as well as various carbon sources, on shoots regeneration, were investigated. MS medium that contained BA at 2.0 + NAA at 5.0 (mg/l) proved beneficial for inducing callus from leaf explants. Addition 3.0 mg/l BA + 1.0 mg/l Kin + 0.5 mg/l NAA on MS medium shown to become the preferable differentiation and proliferation medium for apple shoots. MS basal medium mixed with 2.0 mg/l TDZ + 0.1 mg/l NAA was confirmed to really be the most effective shoots regeneration medium, yielding 20.32 shoots per jar. In vitro shoots proliferation was most successful when sorbitol at a concentration of 30 g/l was included in the culture medium. When shoots were grown with a mix of 2.0 mg/l GA₃ plus 3.0 mg/l BA, the greatest growth and elongation results were obtained. ½ MS supplemented with 1.5 mg/l IBA was shown to be the best appropriate option rooting medium, with a rooting rate of 87.6%. The objective of this research is to use ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase vast portion to do DNA barcoding on Malus domestica (rbcL). In compare to a database of the same species, the similarity level for rbcL was maximum (99.44%).

[Sayed, A. A. Elsayh^, Rasha, N. Arafa and Shafik, D. Ibrahim. Development of micro-propagation protocol for Apple Balady cultivar using leaf and barcoding using rbcL gene. World Rural Observ 2021;13(4):1-17]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural  1. doi:10.7537/marswro130421.01.

Keywords: Malus domestica, leaf explants, medium composition, callus induction, differentiation, multiplication, carbon sources, rooting and DNA extraction.

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Distribution Transformer Loss Reduction Using Brute Force Search Algorithm

Mustefa Jibril, Nurye Hassen, Mesay Tadesse

School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dire Dawa Institute of Technology, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

mustefa.jibril@ddu.edu.et

Abstract: Losses in distribution transformers are estimated as 30% of overall transmission and distribution losses. It is further estimated that the losses in all of the world’s electrical distribution systems are about 1715TWh. One-third of these losses are emitted by the distribution transformers. In this paper, a mathematical model is done and a new objective function that minimizes losses in a distribution transformer is used. This paper presents a loss-reduced optimal design of three phases, 315kVA, 15/0.4kV, 50Hz, oil-immersed, core type distribution transformer. A Brute force search algorithm is written on Java Netbeans IDE 8.0.2 to obtain an optimum design of a distribution transformer that has minimum losses which met the requirements and constraints. The loss of a distribution transformer designed using the Brute force search algorithm is compared with transformer manufacturers’ used design based on analytical method. The results from the optimization algorithm show that the design reduces the total losses on the existing distribution transformer selected for the study from 4,030W to 2,687.56W by 1,342.44W, thus representing a percentage reduction of 33.31%. If this saving is applied to the existing 48, 315kVA distribution transformers of the Jimma town route of the case study area, the saving will be 64,437.12W.  If the optimally designed transformer is to be implemented on a larger scale across the electrical distribution networks of Ethiopia, the magnitude of savings would be huge.

[Mustefa Jibril, Nurye Hassen, Mesay Tadesse. Distribution Transformer Loss Reduction Using Brute Force Search Algorithm. World Rural Observ 2021;13(4):18-28]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 2. doi:10.7537/marswro130421.02.

Keywords: Brute force search algorithm; Distribution transformer; Losses; Optimal design

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3-Dimensional Advanced Guidance Scheme for Lunar Descent and Landing

Ibrahim Mustafa Mehedi ¹, Takashi Kubota ²

^1. Department of ECE, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

^2. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

imehedi@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: A 3-dimensional advanced guidance scheme is necessary to perform a successful precise lunar landing mission. This paper outlines a 3-dimensional comparison of different methods of solution of motion control equations for guidance scheme of lunar descent and proposes a 3-dimensional advanced solution that allows a full depiction for a descent vehicle motion from orbital states down to the final landing event. In the conventional 2-D methods of solution, some inadequate assumptions are exist limits the validity of the solutions. The proposed research allows a complete representation of the descent module motion from orbital speed conditions down to the final landing state.

[Ibrahim MM, Takashi K. 3-Dimensional Advanced Guidance Scheme for Lunar Descent and Landing. World Rural Observ 2021;13(4):29-41]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 3. doi:10.7537/marswro130421.03.

Keywords: Advanced solution; 3-D modeling; Lunar landing

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Estimation Of Annual Effective Dose From Soil-Gas Radon In Selected Regions Of Ilorin, Nigeria

¹AJANI Adegbenro Sunday, ^{1, 2}OYERO Olaoluwa Peter and ¹AINA Adebayo Olaniyi

¹Department of Physics and Materials Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria.

²Department of Basic Science, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria

Corresponding email: olaoluwa.oyero@adelekeuniversity.edu.ng

Abstract: In recent times, researchers have shown an increasing interest in the study of radioactive gas radon due to its radiological health hazard. Soil-gas radon (²²²Rn) concentrations vary from place to place and human exposure level varies from one region to the other. The annual effective dose is commonly used for prospective assessment of yearly radiation dose received by the public for the purpose of optimization and planning in radiation protection within and around regions of high radioactivity concentration. In this study, soil-gas radon concentrations were measured in-situ at 100cm below the ground from ten (10) locations with granite rock basement within Ilorin using RAD7, a solid-state radon detector manufactured by Durridge Company (USA). Results of radon concentrations varied from 17.54 ± 500.59 Bq/m³ to 1833.66±892.00 Bq/m³ with an average value of 387.193±218.47 Bq/m³. The estimated annual effective dose attributed to the inhalation of ²²²Rn concentrations ranged from 0.00017 mSv/y at ASD location to 0.01735 mSv/y at TK location with average value of 0.00037 mSv/y in the study area. The obtained ²²²Rn concentrations in all locations are found below the tolerable levels which range from (400 to 40,000) Bq/m³. However, locations WS (543.67± 465.52) Bq/m³ and TK (1833.66±892.00) Bq/m³ showed values above 400 Bq/m³ minimum range but below 40, 000 Bq/m³ maximum range of the world range limit. Overall, values of annual effective dose in all locations of the study area are below the 1 mSv/y dose limit recommended for radon inhalation from all sources. From the result of this study, it is safe to conclude that dwellers within the study area have no radiological health concern due to soil-gas radon.

[AJANI Adegbenro Sunday,OYERO Olaoluwa Peter and AINA Adebayo Olaniyi. Estimation Of Annual Effective Dose From Soil-Gas Radon In Selected Regions Of Ilorin, Nigeria. World Rural Observ 2021;13(4):42-48]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 4. doi:10.7537/marswro130421.04.

Keywords: Radon, annual effective dose, RAD7.

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A Simulations Based Study for Diagnosing Impacts of MANETs Routing Protocols on TCP Performance with Background Traffic

Salman Faiz Solehria¹, Salim-ur-Rehman², Shaukat Ali³

^1,2Department of Computer Science, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

 ³Department of Computer Science, FG Degree Peshawar Cantt, Pakistan

{salman, salimurrehman }@suit.edu.pk, shoonikhan@gmail.com, salman@suit.edu.pk

Abstract: TCP is the major component of computer network whether it’s wired or wireless. The standard TCP was developed for wired network. In Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANETs) legacy TCP performs poorly and require drastic changes. All most, all TCP performance studies are based on such simulations in which the real world problems are ignored such as background traffic or other interference caused by WiFi hotspot and other devices in range. In order to delve the effect of background traffic on the relative TCP performance, a simulation has been developed to model the back ground traffic.  This paper studies the effect of routing protocols on TCP performance with background traffic. Three different routing protocols (AODV, DSDV, and DSR) are evaluated with three different TCP variants (SACK, NewReno, Tahoe). The performances parameters that are calculated in this paper are throughput, congestion window and end to end delay etc. It was deduced from the simulation results that SACK TCP produces 6.66 % throughput with DSR while no other combination produces more than 0.66 % throughput.

[Salman Faiz Solehria, Salim-ur-Rehman, Shaukat Ali. A Simulations Based Study for Diagnosing Impacts of MANETs Routing Protocols on TCP Performance with Background Traffic. World Rural Observ 2021;13(4):49-59]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 5. doi:10.7537/marswro130421.05.

Keywords: TCP; MANETs; AODC; DSDV; DSR; SACK; NewReno; Tahoe

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Inviolability of the home: problems and prospects of legal regulation

Gulnar Aytzhanovna Alibayeva, Kultay Agytaevna Adilova, Amanzhol Meldehanovich Akayev, Myra Halelkyzy Zhumanova.

Humanitarian University of Transport and Law after D.A. Kunaev.

Tel: 8 (10) 7014356089

Abstract: A legal state recognizes certain freedom of an individual, unattainable for government intervention. Proportionality of the interference in the private life of citizens – is a recognized principle of assessing the correctness of actions, peculiar only to the rule of law. One of the most important aspects of a comprehensive institution of privacy, which at the same time, is the most vulnerable and very complicated in terms of protection – is the right to inviolability of the home. This is demonstrated by the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). The need for legal protection and defence of the right to inviolability of the home is tempting to conduct a comprehensive study, as considered authority has its own special content that has outer and inner side. The inner side of the right's content delimits citizen's behavior in his own home. The outer side of the right serves as a legal protection of the citizen from the invasion of housing (and thus, privacy) by third parties (1). In addition, the home hosts a variety of investigative activities: search and seizure; inspection of the scene; investigative experiment; personal searches; the measures of procedural coercion are applied: detention of the suspect; arrest; house arrest.

[Gulnar Aytzhanovna Alibayeva, Kultay Agytaevna Adilova, Amanzhol Meldehanovich Akayev, Myra Halelkyzy Zhumanova.. Inviolability of the home: problems and prospects of legal regulation. World Rural Observ 2021;13(4):60-65]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 6. doi:10.7537/marswro130421.06.

Key words: right to privacy, the right to inviolability of the home, the international standards of human rights, unlawful entry into the house, search, seizure

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Comparing the Outcomes of Traditional and Misgav-Ladach Techniques in Caesarean Section

Anisodowleh Nankali¹, Shohreh Malekkhosravi^2*, Mansour Rezaei³, Farin Farajzadeh⁴, Sara Daeichin⁵

1. Maternity Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah , Iran.Email: anis_nankali@yahoo.com

2^*.Corresponding Authors High risks pregnancy Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah , Iran. Email: dr_shmalek@yahoo.com

3.Biostatistics department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah , Iran. Email: rezaei39@yahoo.com

4.Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah , Iran. Email: farin_md@yahoo.com

5.Maternity Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah , Iran. Email: sara_daee@yahoo.com

Abstract: Comparing the Outcomes of Traditional and Misgav-Ladach Techniques in Caesarean Section. Background and Objective: Caesarean section constitutes the most common surgical procedure in obstetrics, and its application in rising worldwide. Pioneers of obstetric surgeries have made many modifications in the methods of Cesarean sections. The aim of the present study was to compare the outcomes of traditional and Misgav-Ladach techniques in caesarean section. Design: A randomized clinical trial. Setting: Maternity Research Center, Obs & Gynecology department of teaching   Emam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah.Iran. Patients: 186cases of primary elective and emergency c-section over 37 weeks of gestation (Mean age 27.18 ± 6.2). Methods: The pregnant women were randomized in to either of two groups: 1.traditional 2. Misgav-Ladach. Both groups were similar in terms of age and BMI. The major outcomes studied were duration of  surgery , fetal extrusion time, blood loss during surgery, need for blood transfusion and analgesics, duration of bowel function restoration, persistent fever after surgery, use of antibiotics, endometritis and wound complications. The Kolomogorov-Smirnov (KS) test was used for evaluating the normality of quantitative data. Normal cases were analyzed using parametric (independent t-test) and non normal cases were analyzed using non-parametric (U-Manwithny test) approaches. Chi-square and Fisher’s test were used for comparing qualitative variables between the two groups. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: In the present study, the duration of surgery, time of fetal extrusion, frequency of need for antibiotics, and length of hospital stay were smaller for the Misgav-Ladach group compared to the traditional group. The former group also entailed no adverse outcome during and after surgery. Conclusion: We concluded that Misgav-Ladach technique  may serve as an appropriate alternative for the traditional method in cases of elective or emergency c-section.

[Anisodowleh Nankali, Shohreh Malekkhosravi, Mansour Rezaei, Farin Farajzadeh, Sara Daeichin. Comparing the Outcomes of Traditional and Misgav-Ladach Techniques in Caesarean Section.   World Rural Observ2021;13(4):66-72]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural.

7. doi:10.7537/marswro130421.07.

Keywords: Misgav-Ladach Technique, Traditional Technique, Cesarean

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Ground-Fault Detection based on Statistical Parameters of Wavelet Transform for Unit-Connected Generator 

A.R. Sultan ^1,2, M.W. Mustafa ¹, M. Saini ^1,2

^1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81300, Malaysia

^2. The State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang, Makassar-South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia

rizal.sultan@fkegraduate.utm.my

Abstract: Majority of electric faults are ground faults. The severity of a single line to ground fault must be minimized. The ability to classify the type of fault plays a great role in the protection of a power system. This paper presents an approach of applying  discrete wavelet transform to single ground fault detection in different locations at a unit-connected generator. In this paper, current waveform was decomposed through wavelet analysis into various approximations and details. A new statistical approach, which includes the feature extraction of statistical parameters at each type of single line to ground fault, is characteristic in nature, and was used for the detection of single line to ground faults. The simulation of the unit-connected generator was carried out using the Sim-Power System Blockset of MATLAB. The statistical analysis involved calculating the mean, mode, median, range, and standard deviation values of wavelet detail coefficients. The results indicated that the proposed algorithm was accurate enough to detect a single line to ground fault for a unit-connected generator.

[A.R. Sultan, M.W. Mustafa, M. Saini. T Ground-Fault Detection based on Statistical Parameters of Wavelet Transform for Unit-Connected Generator. World Rural Observ 2021;13(4):73-83]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 8. doi:10.7537/marswro130421.08.

Keywords: Species richness; beta-diversity; taxonomic diversity; forest

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