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The Childlike Innocence in Watercolor painting and Adult World —— Analysis of the Audiovisual Language and Narrative Strategy of “Ernest & Celestine”

Mei Shuxin

Mei Shuxin is a postgraduate student at School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology.

Abstract: French animated film “ Ernest & Celestine ” fits children's aesthetic taste in art style, and pays attention to children's cognitive characteristics in expressing narrative with rich spiritual connotation. Not naive, not dogmatic. This article will analyze the fairy tale and reality factors of the film from the perspective of audiovisual language and narrative strategy, and explain how it balances the innocence and the adult world.

[Mei Shuxin. The Childlike Innocence in Watercolor painting and Adult World —— Analysis of the Audiovisual Language and Narrative Strategy of “Ernest & Celestine”. World Rural Observ 2021;13(2):1-5]. ISSN:1944-6543 (Print); ISSN:1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 1. doi:10.7537/marswro130221.01.

Keywords: children's animation: adult world; balance

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Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Frequency Ratio and Certainty Factors models in central Zab basin

Himan Shahabi¹, Baharin Bin Ahmad¹, and Saeed Khezri²

¹Department of Geoinformation, Faculty of GeoInformation and Real Estate, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

²Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Natural resources, University of Kurdistan, Iran     

himanshahabi@gmail.com

Abstract: ‎ Preparation of landslide susceptibility mapping is one of the most important stages in landslide hazard mitigation. The aim of the research was landslide susceptibility mapping by Frequency Ratio (FR) and Certainty Factors (CF) with aide of remote sensing data processing and GIS spatial analysis. The area study in research is central Zab basin in west Azerbaijan province, Iran. In this research, through geological maps and field studies, we primarily prepared a map for landslide distributions in central Zab basin. Then, applying other information sources such as the existing thematic maps, we studied and defined the 10 factors such as: slope, aspect, elevation, land cover, NDVI, distance to drainage, distance to fault, distance to road and precipitation. To get more precision, speed and facility in our analysis all descriptive and spatial information was entered into GIS system. The landslide susceptibility maps were classified into four classes: low, moderate, high and very high. The results shows that  more than 70 percent of landslides have happened in two classes, high hazard and very high hazard and showed that the FR model is better in prediction than the CF model in study area.

[Himan Shahabi, Baharin Bin Ahmad, and Saeed Khezri. Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Frequency Ratio and Certainty Factors models in central Zab basin.World Rural Observ 2021;13(2):6-10]. ISSN:1944-6543(Print);ISSN:1944-6551(Online).http://www.sciencepub.net/rural 2. doi:10.7537/marswro130221.02.

Keywords: Landslide Susceptibility Mapping; Satellite Images; Frequency Ratio, Certainty Factors, Central Zab Basin.

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Improved Dynamic Frame Size with Grouping Slotted Aloha (IDFSG)

Usman Hayat, Naveed Khan Baloch, Afshan Jamil, Ahsan Jalil, Sharoon Saleem

Department of Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan

Abstract: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system is an emerging technology in field of automatic identification and object tracking. It’s a wireless communication between sender tag and receiver via radio frequency. One of the challenges it faces is tag collision at reader. It’s an important factor that determines the performance of RFID system. Different approaches and algorithms have been developed to reduce collision and to efficiently read the RFID tags. The basic concept is the best utilization of time slots between reader and tag during data transmission. DFSG [17] algorithm improves EDFSA [19] by implementing dynamic group sizing technique. However it is dependent upon initial frame-length. The proposed algorithm removes initial frame-length dependency. The proposed algorithm is compared with previous techniques. Identification time, iteration taken to read group and system efficiency comparison is included in this research work. The proposed algorithm shows improved results for Identification time, iteration taken to read group and system efficiency is much closer to possible ideal values.

[Usman Hayat, Naveed Khan Baloch, Afshan Jamil, Ahsan Jalil, Sharoon Saleem. Improved Dynamic Frame Size with Grouping Slotted Aloha (IDFSG). World Rural Observ 2021;13(2):11-15]. ISSN:1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural 3. doi:10.7537/marswro130221.03.

Keywords: RFID Algorithm, Passive UHF RFID, RFID Anti -collision, EPC class 1 Gen 2, grouping approach, maximum system efficiency

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What artificial wetland configuration host more waterbirds? A case study in the Chongming Dongtan wetlands, China

Ye-Ai Zou¹, Jing Liu¹, Xiao-Ting Yang¹, Mei Zhang¹, Chen-Dong Tang² and Tian-Hou Wang^{1, *}

^1. School of Life Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China

^2. Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve Administration Division, Shanghai, 202183, China

thwang@bio.ecnu.edu.cn

Abstract: Background: The Chongming Dongtan wetlands were subjected to loss, deterioration, and fragmentation of coastal wetlands. In recent years, artificial wetlands have been constructed to protect waterbirds in this region. This paper aims to determine whether constructed artificial wetlands used equally by waterbirds and find out the preferred habitats of waterbirds, so as to determine what artificial wetland configuration will host more waterbirds. Methods: We quantified the waterbird community composition at three artificial wetlands and on one natural coastal wetland, which served as a reference site, from September 2011 to May 2012 in the Chongming Dongtan wetlands. Results: Shorebirds was abundant in spring (preferred site C & D) and autumn (preferred site C); diving birds and dabbling ducks were both abundant in winter, while diving birds preferred site B and followed by site C, but dabbling ducks preferred site C; herons was abundant in autumn (preferred site C) and winter (preferred site B and followed by site C). Each waterbird guilds exhibited unique and complex habitat preferences. Specifically, shorebirds preferred mudflats and shallow water, but were most abundant on mudflats. Diving birds selected open water as the unique habitat. Most dabbling ducks preferred open water, however some ducks were observed on Scirpus mariqueter (hereafter Scirpus) habitat. Herons exhibited the widest range of habitat preferences (shallow water, mudflats and Scirpus). Conclusions: The artificial wetlands served as a suitable habitat for waterbirds to some extent, although were not used equally by waterbirds. Multi-functional artificial wetlands could be constructed by incorporating diverse habitats to attract a greater abundance of waterbirds to forage and roost in the coastal wetlands of Yangtze River during their migration from Australia to Siberia.

[Zou YA, Liu J, Yang XT, Zhang M, Tang CD, Wang TH. What artificial wetland configuration host more waterbirds? A case study in the Chongming Dongtan wetlands, China. Life Sci J 2021;13(2):16-26] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marswro130221.04.

Keywords: Chongming Dongtan wetlands; natural wetland; artificial wetlands; habitat heterogeneity; multi-functional wetland; waterbirds

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The Numerical Solution of Fractional Differential-Algebraic Equations (FDAEs) by Haar Wavelet Method 

Mesut Karabacak ¹, Ercan Çelik ²

^1. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey

^2. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey

mkarabacak@atauni.edu.tr, ercelik@atauni.edu.tr

Abstract: In this paper, the numerical solution of Fractional Differential-Algebraic Equations (FDAEs) is considered by Haar wavelet method. We derive the Haar wavelet operational matrix of the fractional order integration and by using it to solve the Fractional Differential-Algebraic Equations. The results obtained are in good-agreement with the exact solutions. It is shown that the technique used here is effective and easy to apply.

[Karabacak M, Çelik E. The Numerical Solution of Fractional Differential-Algebraic Equations (FDAEs) by Haar Wavelet Method. Life Sci J 2021;13(2):27-33] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marswro130221.05.

Keywords: fractional differential-algebraic equations (FDAEs), differential-algebraic equations (DAEs), Haar wavelet method, operational matrix, fractional calculus

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Assessment of wind energy potential in East Azarbaijan province of Iran (Case Study: Sahand station)

Dr. Seyed Hossein Mirmousavi

Department of Climatology, University of Zanjan, Iran

hossein.mousavi047@gmail.com

Abstract: Today's world requires a change in how the use of different types of energy. With declining reserves of fossil fuels for renewable energies is of course the best alternative. Among the renewable energy from the wind can be considered one of the best forms of energy can be introduced. Accordingly, most countries are trying to identify areas with potential to benefit from this resource. The aim of this study was to assess the potential wind power in Sahand station of Iran country. Hourly measured long term wind speed data of Sahand during the period of 2000-2013 have been statistically analyzed. In this study the wind speed frequency distribution of location was found by using Weibull distribution function. The wind energy potential of the location has been studied based on the Weibull mode. The results of this study show that mean wind speed measured at 10 m above ground level is determined as 5.16 m/s for the studied period. This speed increases by, respectively, 34.78 % and 41.21 %, when it is extrapolated to 40 and 60 m hub height. Long term seasonal wind speeds were found to be relatively higher during the period from January to September. At the other hand, higher wind speeds were observed between the period between 06:00 and 18:00 in the day. These periods feet well with annual and daily periods of maximum demand of electricity, respectively.

[Dr. Seyed Hossein Mirmousavi.Assessment of wind energy potential in East Azarbaijan province of Iran (Case Stady: Sahand station). Life Sci J 2021;13(2):34-38] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marswro130221.06.

Key wards: Iran, wind power, Weibull distribution, Sahand station

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A New Insight Into Design Approach With Focus To Architect-Client Relationship

Nima Norouzi, Maryam Shabak, Mohamed Rashid Bin Embi, Tareef Hayat Khan

Department of architecture, faculty of built environment, university technology Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor

nimanorouzi@outlook.com, maryamshabak@gmail.com, b-rashid@utm.my, tareef@utm.my

Abstract: Many studies stress cooperation between architects and clients in which knowledge and experiences are shared in order to reach synergy. Thus, a process approach is required to make the latent knowledge and intention of the client explicit, efficiently connecting him/her to the architect. However, little attention has been given to socio-technical features of this relationship within architectural design process. This study aims to present an approach with collaborative, communicative and innovative features, which develop client involvement, information sharing and design-supporting tools within architectural design process. A literature survey has been conducted to investigate the characteristics of the communication process, architectural design process, design-supporting tools and means, method and concept of virtualization in design and communication. Finally, this study concluded by integrating the concept of virtualization and virtual reality tools into communication and design process.  A new design approach will be generated, which will satisfy both architect and client, as well as design outcomes.

[Nima Norouzi, Maryam Shabak, Mohamed Rashid Bin Embi, Tareef Hayat Khan. A new Insight Into Design Approach With Focus To Architect-Client Relationship. Life Sci J 2021;13(2):39-49] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marswro130221.07.

Keywords: Architectural Design Process, communication process, design supporting tools, user participation, virtualization, virtual reality

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A Reputation Model for Evaluating the Trustworthiness of Agents in E-commerce Multi-Agent Environments

Elham Majd¹*, Vimala Balakrishnan¹, Vahid Godazgar²

1. Department of Information Systems, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2. Perdana School of Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

elham.majd@siswa.um.edu.my

Abstract: This paper aims to enhance trust in e-commerce multi-agent systems by presenting a model to evaluate reputation of provider agents. In this case, we study the most representative trust models in multi-agent systems, which provide different methods for calculating reputation. According to these analysis criteria, a new approach is presented to compute the reputation of provider agents. To evaluate the proposed reputation model, the experimentation was carried out in two stages. First, the average accuracy of model in computing the reputation was evaluated by simulating the proposed approach in a multi-agent environment. Second, the performance of the model was compared with a multi-agent environment which does not apply the proposed model. The experimental results show that the proposed reputation model can evaluate the reputation of providers accurately, and the comparison demonstrates that the proposed model can significantly choose the trustworthy provider agent than the randomly approach without using the proposed model. The ultimate goal of this study is to present a model for computing the reputation of provider agents, and selecting the trustworthy provider based on this computation. We believe that the proposed model will be beneficial to enhance trust in e-commerce environments.

[Kharkwal G, Mehrotra P, Rawat YS. Taxonomic Diversity of Understorey Vegetation in Kumaun Himalayan Forests. Life Sci J 2021;13(2):50-58] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marswro130221.08.

Keywords: E-commerce; Multi-agent; Reputation; Trust

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Corresponding Communities and Mediation Ability: The Impact of Cultural Change at individual level

Sajjad Haider, Francesca Mariotti

Department of Business Administration, FEA, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

s.haider@napier.ac.uk; francesca_mariotti@ymail.com

Abstract: Using corresponding communities and mediation ability themes, this paper proposes a conceptual framework to study implications of cultural change at the individual level in the context of globalisation and continuous amalgamation of communities across different cultures. The research develops and tests a conceptual framework based on broader research questions such as how traditional communities differ from dynamic and corresponding communities with respect to an individual’s cultural integration and how they evolve and change consequently. The conceptual construct is then used as the basis for qualitative research to study the phenomenon of cultural change. Findings suggest a strong distinction between traditional and dynamic communities and the emergence of communal salience due to an individual’s personal nature and lifestyle affiliations within different territorial and institutionalised cultural sites. Analysis of the cases also found that cultural changes appear relatively quickly in communities that are dynamic in nature.

[Haider S, Mariotti F. Corresponding Communities and Mediation Ability: The Impact of Cultural Change at individual level. Life Sci J 2021;13(2):59-69] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marswro130221.09.

Keywords: Culture; Mediation Ability; Individual Behaviour; Dynamic Communities

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Agent based Collaborative Ubiquitous Mobile Learning Architecture using JADE-LEAP

Iman AlMomani¹, Mousa Al-Akhras¹, Mohammed Alawairdhi², Alaa Eldeen Ahmed² , Muhammad Ramzan³ and Anas Liswi⁴

¹ King Abdullah II School of Information Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan

² College of Computer and Information Sciences, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia

³College of Computing and Information Technology, Saudi Electroni University, Saudi Arabia

⁴Amman Stock Exchange, Amman, Jordan

E-mail: m.ramzan@seu.edu.sa

Abstract: In this paper, we propose an agent based collaborative mobile learning architecture. The architecture aims to allow learners to learn ubiquitously at any time and from any place. It enhances both teaching and learning activities, allowing teachers and students to cooperate using common mobile devices to transfer information among each other. We describe the requirements for creating such collaborative learning environment on mobile devices and the design process for the architectural model components, focusing particularly on the social interactions and collaboration learning between learners and teachers. The proposed architectural model was implemented using JADE-LEAP which is a platform that can be deployed on a wide range of mobile devices. Moreover, this model provides new way of support collaborative learning using mobile device. The architecture model divided into four components, which are device agent, learner agent, teacher agent, and social agent. The social agent is responsible for evaluating the collaborative interactions among learners. It offers an evaluation indicator for learners' collaboration, and supplies a teacher with leaner participation reports about group collaboration. Using these reports, teacher can assess the quality of learner collaboration on learning tasks, and determines the collaboration skills for the group members to provide a feedback. 

[Iman AlMomani, Mousa Al-Akhras, Mohammed Alawairdhi, Alaa Eldeen Ahmed , Muhammad Ramzan and Anas Liswi. Agent based Collaborative Ubiquitous Mobile Learning Architecture using JADE-LEAP. Life Sci J 2021;13(2):70-81] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marswro130221.10.

Keywords: mobile agent, mobile e-learning, JADE, Performance

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Assessment of Trace Metal Concentrations in internal Organs of Tilapia zilli Caught from Orashi River, Niger Delta, Nigeria.

¹George, Ubong, ²Bate Garba Barde, ¹Otoh, Aniekan

¹Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus

²Environmental Science Department, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Abstract: Environmental pollution associated with trace metal concentrations is an emerging issue in most developed and undeveloped countries. Orashi River is open to several inputs from industrial and other human mediated activities within the environment. This research was therefore aim to determine the concentrations of trace metal in the tissues (intestine, muscles, liver, gills) of Tilapia zilli for 12 months (between May 2016 and April 2017). From the results it was observed that trace metals bioaccumulated in the tissues of T. zilli with high concentrations in the intestine and muscles. Significant variations for upstream and downstream were observed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn (p<0.05) exception for Iron (p>0.05). The high concentration of Fe and Zn recorded during the study can be attributed to dissolution of zinc from oil pipelines fixed across the water body by oil companies and the use of iron coagulants or the corrosion of steel and cast-iron pipes during the process of water distribution. Transfer factor index used in this study as a tool to assess the level of bioaccumulation in the studied species showed evidence of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the tissues which calls for public health concern. However, the level of trace metal were above recommended tolerable limits for most of the metals when compared to world standards for safety of consumption of aquatic organism exception for Pb and Cr. Based on findings, it is however, recommended that trace metals concentrations in edible seafood species from aquatic ecosystems should be monitored at regular interval for safety of humans consuming these seafoods.

[George, Ubong, Bate Garba Barde, Otoh, Aniekan. Assessment of Trace Metal Concentrations in internal Organs of Tilapia zilli Caught from Orashi River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. World Rural Observ 2021;13(2):82-89]. ISSN:1944-6543 (Print); ISSN:1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 11. doi:10.7537/marswro130221.11.

Keywords: Trace metals, Tissues, Edible Fish species, Orashi River, Niger Delta.

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