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Influence Of Indigenous Rock Phosphate On Vegetative Growth And Yield Performance Of Soybean (Glycine Max L.) In Ikorodu Agro Ecological Zone Nigeria

Adenubi, O. O.

Department of Crop Production and Horticulture,

Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, P. M. B. 21606, Ikeka, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Email: damilade4life@yahoo.com, +2348029331564

Abstract: Phosphorus is a major plant nutrient next to nitrogen in augmenting plant metabolic activity ultimately reflecting on the crop yield. The study was designed to investigate the effect of variable rates of two sources of rock phosphate (Ogun and Sokoto) on the growth and performance of Soybean, laid out in Completely Randomized Design, replicated four times at the Screen house of Teaching and Research Farm, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Nigeria. There are 4 rates in all with control (0g, 5g, 10g and 15g) apply to each polybag. The rock phosphate was evaluated on the following agronomic parameters: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and shoot fresh weight 9 weeks after sowing (WAS), number of pods at 9 WAS. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and results shows that rock phosphate (RP) application significantly (P<0.05) influenced growth and pod yield of soybean. It was also observed that Soybean responded to the different levels of rocks phosphate based on the available soil phosphorus.

[Adenubi, O. O. Influence Of Indigenous Rock Phosphate On Vegetative Growth And Yield Performance Of Soybean (Glycine Max L.) In Ikorodu Agro Ecological Zone Nigeria. Researcher 2015;7(10):1-6]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1. doi:10.7537/marsrsj071015.01.

Keywords: leaf area, fresh weight, plant height, parameters, pod fresh weight.

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Influence Of Media Resources Availability And Utilisation On Job Satisfaction Of Agricultural Researchers In Southwestern Nigeria

* Ogunjobi Elizabeth Taiwo (Ph.D.), ** Oyewusi Fadekemi (Ph.D.)

* Library Information and Documentation Department Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria.

** Centre for Educational Media Resource Studies, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria.

Emails: ogunjobitaiwo41@gmail.com or fdkwusi@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study examines influence of media resources availability and utilization on job satisfaction of agricultural researchers in Southwestern Nigeria. The respondents consisted of agricultural researchers and the descriptive survey of correlational type was used. Four hundred and sixty two copies of the questionnaire were distributed using total enumeration technique, 334 were returned representing 72.3% return rate. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistic of frequency counts, mean and standard deviation while Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression were used to test the hypotheses. The results of the finding showed that newspapers (2.96) and journals (=2.77) were mostly available print resources while the E-mail (= 2.32), internet (= 2.31), and E-books (= 2.12) were the electronic resources frequently available. Agricultural databases were scantly available. The most preference media resources were journals ( =3.19) and textbooks (=2.88). Electronic media like the internet ( =3.28) and electronic mail (=3.11) and agricultural databases like AGORA (=2.20), FAO publications (= 2.08), OARE ( =1.96) and CAB Abstract (=1.90). The study further revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between media resources availability and job satisfaction of researchers (r = .266**, N= 334, P < .01); a positive relationship existed between media resources utilization and job satisfaction (r = .292**, N= 334, P < .05) and a significant joint influence existed between media resources availability, media resources utilization and job satisfaction of agricultural researchers (F_(2,331) = 20.521; R² = .110, P < .05) . The study identified poor funding (86.8%), irregular electricity (81.4%) and inadequate media resources (71.3%) as constraint to media usage in Nigeria. Finally, the study recommends constant electricity and information literacy training for researchers.

[Ogunjobi Elizabeth Taiwo, Oyewusi Fadekemi. Influence Of Media Resources Availability And Utilisation On Job Satisfaction Of Agricultural Researchers In Southwestern Nigeria. Researcher 2015;7(10):7-22]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj071015.02.

Keywords: media resources availability, media resources utilization, job satisfaction, agricultural researchers, agricultural research institutes, Nigeria.

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Assessing Effect of Stress on Lifestyle

Simin Siri¹, Fatemeh Siri²

^1.  MSc in Health Education, Tarbiat Modarres University

^2.  MSc in Animal Biology, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran Branch, Iran

Abstract: Background: This paper aimed to investigate the effect of stress on lifestyle. Chronic noncommunicable conditions, particularly cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, are the major causes of death and morbidity in both industrialized and low- to middle-income countries. Recent epidemiological investigations suggest that management of lifestyle factors, such as stress and lack of physical activity, could have an important value in cardiometabolic conditions, while information technology tools could play a significant facilitatory role. Objectives: The objective of our study was to verify the feasibility of using a private website, directed to the workers of a major Italian company, to describe their health profile and lifestyle and work habits using an ad hoc self-administered questionnaire. Methods: We administered anonymous multiple choice Web-based questionnaires to 945 participants (683 completed the task) as part of an ongoing health promotion program in a multinational company. Qualitative and quantitative data were synthesized with nonlinear principal component analysis to construct indicators (ie, variables) for stress, control, and lifestyle domains. Considering in addition absenteeism, the Calinski-Harabasz statistic and cluster analysis jointly differentiated seven clusters, which displayed different distributions of standardized classification variables. The final step consisted in assessing the relationship of the resulting seven subject typologies with personal data, illnesses, and metabolic syndrome status, carried out for the most part with descriptive methods. Results: Statistical analyses singled out two not-overlapping domains of stress and control, as well as three not-overlapping domains of physical activity, smoking, and alcohol habits. The centroids of the seven clusters generated by the procedure were significantly (P < .001) different considering all possible 21 comparisons between couples of groups. Percentage distributions of variables describing personal information (gender, age group, work category, illness status, or metabolic syndrome) within participant typologies show some noteworthy findings: females, workers aged 35–44 years, junior white collar workers, and respondents reporting illness were more prevalent in the stress group than in the overall studied population; preclinical metabolic syndrome status was more prevalent in the group with higher alcohol consumption. Absentees reported more illness. Conclusions: The present Intranet-based study shows the potential of apply in diverse statistical techniques to deal jointly with qualitative and quantitative self-reported data. The resulting formal description of subject typologies and their relationship with personal characteristics might provide a convenient tool for supporting health promotion in the work environment.

[Simin Siri, Fatemeh Siri. Assessing Effect of Stress on Lifestyle. Researcher 2015;7(10):23-33]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj071015.03.

Key words: Stress, lifestyle, risk factor

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Prevalence and Antibiogram of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Asymptomatic Individuals

Duru Carissa¹, Nwanegbo Edward¹, Ejikeugwu Chika²*, Okonkwo Eucharia², Onyia Chukwuebuka³, Esimone Charles¹

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka, Nigeria

²Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

³Department of Science Laboratory and Technology, OSISATECH Polytechnic, Enugu, Nigeria

ejikeugwu_chika@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bacterial organisms producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are becoming a major problem in infectious disease units globally; and this is due in part to the multidrug resistance nature of these pathogens – which makes it difficult to select antibiotics for the treatment of infections that they cause. This study was carried out to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and ESBL production among feacal isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in asymptomatic healthy individuals in the community. A total of 192 feacal samples collected between September 2011 and June 2012 were bacteriologically cultured onto Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar plates supplemented with 1 µg/ml of either ceftazidime or cefotaxime. Positive cultures were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility using the Kirby – Bauer sensitivity testing method. All the recovered test isolates were identified based on standard biochemical/microbiological techniques. Presumptive ESBL producing isolates were phenotypically confirmed by the double disc synergy test (DDST) method. Eight (17.02 %) isolates were found to be ESBL producers. Of these, 5 (62.5 %) were Escherichia coli and 3 (37.5 %) of the isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae. The E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed high resistance to the tested antibiotics especially to the third generation cephalosporins, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ticarcillin and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim. However, none of the isolates was resistant to imipenem, a carbapenem. Conclusively, our findings suggest that asymptomatic healthy individuals could serve as potential reservoir of ESBL-producing bacteria in the community.

[Duru Carissa, Nwanegbo Edward, Ejikeugwu Chika, Okonkwo Eucharia, Onyia Chukwuebuka, Esimone Charles. Prevalence and Antibiogram of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Asymptomatic Individuals. Researcher 2015;7(10):34-39]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4. doi:10.7537/marsrsj071015.04.

Key words: ESBLs, Enterobacteriaceae, Asymptomatic infection, Antimicrobial Resistance

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Identification of Rodents in the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, El-Kawamel city, Sohag University, Sohag Governorate, Egypt

Abd El-Aleem Saad Soliman Desoky

Plant protection Department (Zoology), Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt.

abdelalem2011@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present work was aimed to identify of rodent species at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University in El-kawamel city, Sohag Governorate, Egypt during 2013-2015 years. The results were revealed the presence of two species of rats included the white bellied rat, Rattus rattus frugivorus the dominant species from the Nile grass rat, Arvicanthis niloticus. These results to be used in the development of a future plan in effective strategy for implementation of rodent management programs in cultivated and newly reclaimed land in Egypt.

[Abd El-Aleem Saad Soliman Desoky. Identification of Rodents in the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, El-Kawamel city, Sohag University, Sohag Governorate, Egypt. Researcher 2015;7(10):40-42]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5. doi:10.7537/marsrsj071015.05.

Key words: Arvicanthis niloticus, Rattus r. frugivorus, Experimental Station, dominant species.

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Application of different methods for rodent control in Upper Egypt

Abd El-Aleem Saad Soliman Desoky

Plant protection Department (Zoology), Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University

abdelalem2011@yahoo.com

Abstract: Rodent damage a variety of agricultural crops throughout most regions of the world, in developing countries where the economy depends on agriculture, rodent infestation can pose a serious threat of not only reduced income but also widespread dangerous diseases. Damage range from negligible destruction of growing plants to total crops loss. Thus, great efforts should be done to develop rodent control programs. Control methods must not fulfill the requirement of protecting crops, but also in a safe efficient and economic manner. However, in this review three methods of rodent curative applied control were considered these methods are mechanical control, biological control and chemical control. The main objective of this review was to develop an effective strategy for implementation of rodent management programs in cultivated and newly reclaimed agro ecosystems in Egypt.

[Abd El-Aleem Saad Soliman Desoky. Application of different methods for rodent control in Upper Egypt. Researcher 2015;7(10):43-46]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6. doi:10.7537/marsrsj071015.06.

Key words: rodent control programs, rodent management, mechanical control, biological control, chemical control

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The Effect Of Intellectual Capital On Market Orientation According To The Role Of Knowledge Sharing Mediator Variable (Supervision Of Insurance Companies In Lorestan Province)

Reza Sepahvand¹ --- Seyyed Najmeddin Mousavi2--- Neda Shahsiah3

¹Assistant Professor and Faculty Member of Lorestan University, Iran, Mrezasep@yahoo.com

2Assistant Professor and Faculty Member of Lorestan University, Mousavi56@yahoo.com

3Master of Business Administration student at Lorestan University

4 Assistant Professor and Faculty Member of Lorestan University,Iran, Mrezasep@yahoo.com

5Assistant Professor and Faculty Member of Lorestan University, Mousavi56@yahoo.com

shahsiahneda@chmail.ir

Abstract: Today's organizations to achieve and maintain competitive advantage have not choice, but to use the knowledge and intellectual capital, as a facilitator of market orientation strategies. Thus, in today's knowledge-based world, organizational capabilities was based on the knowledge and market orientation and managers need to understand what capabilities it is necessary to maintain a competitive advantage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intellectual capital on market orientation according to the role of mediator variable knowledge sharing. In this study, in terms of target is applied and in terms of method is described. The population of this study is employees of insurance companies in Lorestan province and because of the limitation of the society, the whole members of the community were selected to the census sampling method that the numbers of them are 121 people. For data collection been used a Bontis intellectual capital questionnaire (1998), Narver and Slater market orientation questionnaire (1990) and for knowledge sharing from Buck et al questionnaire. (2005). In this study to examine hypotheses and conceptual models, were used partial least squares method and the Smart PLS software. Results was to show confirm all the hypotheses of research, ranging from the intellectual capital positive and significant impact on market orientation, intellectual capital on knowledge sharing, and knowledge sharing on market orientation.

[Reza Sepahvand, Seyyed Najmeddin Mousavi, Neda Shahsiah. The Effect Of Intellectual Capital On Market Orientation According To The Role Of Knowledge Sharing Mediator Variable (Supervision Of Insurance Companies In Lorestan Province). Researcher 2015;7(10):47-55]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7. doi:10.7537/marsrsj071015.07.

Keywords: intellectual capital, market orientation, knowledge sharing, supervision of insurance companies

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Stream Sediment Survey Of An Area Around Madagali, Northeastern Nigeria

H.A. Ahmed^{1, 2}, Kabir Shola Ahmed¹ and Mohammed Jamilu²

¹China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

²MAUTECH, Yola, Nigeria

* Corresponding Author: hifzullahahmed@yahoo.com

Abstract: Geochemical (Stream Sediment) survey around Madagali was carried out in order to delineate areas of potential mineralization. The geology of the study area is predominantly Pan-African granites (750Ma-450Ma). 13 stream sediments samples were collected and analyzed for 19 elements using x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Results of 9 trace elements namely Ba, Zr, Co, Ag , Hg, Cd, Pb, Mo and Ni have concentrations well above the average Universal Crustal Abundance (AUCA), and were subjected to statistical treatment. Pearson correlation coefficients show that significant correlation exists among Cu, Cr, Zn, Co and between Rb, Ni and Mn. Geochemical maps of these elements are plotted. The dispersion train indicates anomalous concentration of Ba, Co, Ag ,Hg, Cd, Pb, Mo and Ni suggesting that the area is favourable for mineralization.

[H.A. Ahmed, Kabir Shola Ahmed and Mohammed Jamilu. Stream Sediment Survey Of An Area Around Madagali, Northeastern Nigeria. Researcher 2015;7(10):56-69]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8. doi:10.7537/marsrsj071015.08.

Keywords: Stream sediment survey, Geochemical map, Madagali and Mineralization

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Male effect associated to breeding season shortening impacts upon reproductive performance of cycling pluriparous ewes under different climate conditions

Fernando Tenório Filho¹, José Carlos Ferreira-Silva², Maiana Silva Chaves³, Leopoldo Mayer de Freitas Neto⁴, Marcelo Tigre Moura⁵ ,José Monteiro Almeida Irmão⁶, Maico Henrique Barbosa dos Santos⁷, Paulo Fernandes Lima⁸, Marcos Antônio Lemos Oliveira⁹

¹Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, Itambé, Pernambuco/Brasil-fernandotfilho@hotmail.com;

²University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco/Brasil- carlos.ztec@gmail.com;

³University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco/Brasil- maianachaves1@gmail.com;

⁴University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco/Brasil- leopoldomayer2011@hotmail.com;

⁵University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco/Brasil- marcelotmoura@gmail.com;

⁶School Agrotécnica Federal de Barreiros, Barreiros, Pernambuco/Brasil- monteiroeafb@bol.com.br;

⁷College Dr. Francisco Maeda, Ituverava, São Paulo/Brasil- maicohenriquebarbosa@gmail.com;

⁸University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco/Brasil- paulolima4045@hotmail.com;

⁹University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco/Brasil- maloufrpe@uol.com.br

Abstract: It was aimed to evaluate the influence of male effect and breeding season shortening upon estrus induction and synchronization, pregnancy rate and prolificacy of cycling pluriparous ewes of Santa Inês (n = 180) and Morada Nova (n = 180) breeds under both semiarid and subtropical semi humid conditions. Females were selected based upon body condition score and ciclicity status, and further isolated from males for 30 days. Rams of Santa Inês (n = 6) and Morada Nova (n = 6) were pre-selected based upon fertility records and further tested by andrology test on the before experiment onset. Under Semiarid conditions, the percentage of females displaying estrus for Santa Inês ewes varied from 90.0% to 96.6% and 90.0% to 93.3% for Morada Nova ewes, with no difference between breeds (P > 0.05). In the tropical semi humid region, the percentage of Santa Inês females displaying estrus was 100% and for Morada Nova ewes it varied from 93.3 to 100%, with no difference between breeds (P > 0.05). Comparisons between regions did not display any difference within or between breeds (P > 0.05). In the semiarid, irrespectively of the breed, 167/180 (92.7%) females displayed estrus until day 40 of the breeding season and estrus synchronization occurred in 55.0% of Santa Inês ewes and 63.0% Morada Nova ewes. In tropical semi humid, irrespectively of the breed, 177/180 (98.3%) females displayed estrus until day 40 and estrus synchronization in 60.0% Santa Inês females and 64.0% Morada Nova females. In semiarid, pregnancy rate for Santa Inês females varied from 85.2% to 96.3% and 85.7% to 92.8% for Morada Nova females (P > 0.05). In tropical semi humid, pregnancy rates were similar for Santa Inês females (86.6% to 90.0%) and 90.0% to 93.1% for Morada Nova females (P > 0.05). In semiarid, irrespectively of breed, the prolificacy varied from 1.29 ± 0.45 to 1.35 ± 0.47 and 1.35± 0.47 to 1.42 ± 0.49 for tropical semi humid, with no difference between breeds and within regions. In conclusion, male effect associated to breeding season duration shortening to 35 days is efficient to induce and synchronize estrous in cycling pluriparous ewes while maintaining pregnancy and prolificacy rates.

[Fernando Tenório Filho, José Carlos Ferreira-Silva, Maiana Silva Chaves, Leopoldo Mayer de Freitas Neto, Marcelo Tigre Moura,José Monteiro Almeida Irmão, Maico Henrique Barbosa dos Santos, Paulo Fernandes Lima, Marcos Antônio Lemos Oliveira. Male effect associated to breeding season shortening impacts upon reproductive performance of cycling pluriparous ewes under different climate conditions. Researcher 2015;7(10):70-76]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9. doi:10.7537/marsrsj071015.09.

Keywords: bioestimulation, pregnancy, prolificacy.

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INFECTION OF YAM (DIQSCQREA SPP) ASSOCIATED WITH CELL WALL DEGRADING ENZYMES BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER V. TIEGHEM

ONYENETO,T.C¹., Nwachukwu*, I.N² and Nwogwugwu, N.U².

¹ Anambra State University of Science and Technology, Uli, Nigeria.

²Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Abstract: Extract of yam (Dioscorea SPP) infected by Aspergiilus niger, exhibited cellulase, polygalacturanase and pectin methylesterase activities. These enzymes except for traces of pectin methylesterase were not detected in healthy yam tissues. Maximum activities of the cellulase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase enzymes occurred at PH 4.0, 4.5 and 8,0 respectively. Optimum temperature for cellulase activity was 35⁰C and 40⁰C for both poly-galacturonase and pectin methylesterase. The enzymes were stimulated by low concentrations of k⁺, Na⁺,Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Mn²⁺ but inhibited by iodo-acetic acid, 2,4-dinitrophenol and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. The activities of cellulase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase enzymes were affected by the substrate concentrations with maximum activities at 0.3% (w/v), 0.2% (w/v) and 1.5% (w/v) respectively. The Km values for cellulase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase were 1.1mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml and 9.1mg/ml respectively.

[ONYENETO,T.C^., Nwachukwu, I.N and Nwogwugwu, N.U^. INFECTION OF YAM (DIQSCQREA SPP) ASSOCIATED WITH CELL WALL DEGRADING ENZYMES BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER V. TIEGHEM. Researcher 2015;7(10):77-82]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10. doi:10.7537/marsrsj071015.10.

Key words: Phytopathogenic, -Deterioration, Pathogenicity.

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The Effect Of Ph And Chemical Preservatives On The Growth Of Bacterial Isolates From Commercial Samples Of Fruit Juices Sold In South Eastern Nigeria

Nwachukwu, I.N¹.,ONYENETO,T.C²., and Nwogwugwu, N.U¹.

¹Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri,Nigeria.

² Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.

Abstract: Five bacterial pathogens were isolated from commercial samples of fruit juices sold in South Eastern Nigeria. The isolates were characterized and identified as Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Psuedomonas, Lactobacillus and Gluconobacter species. The effect of pH, benzoic acid and Sodium chloride concentration on the growth rate of isolates was investigated. The result was that as the pH of the growth medium increased from 3 to 7, the rate of growth of the isolates increased. As the concentration of Sodium chloride increased from 2 to 4%, the rate of growth of the isolated decreased. As the concentration of benzoic acid increased from 250 to 1000mg/L, to growth rate of all the isolates decreased. Also as the concentration of Sodium chloride increased from 2 to 5% the growth rate of all the isolates decreased.  The higher the concentration of the preservatives the lower the rate of growth of the isolates.

[Nwachukwu, I.N.,ONYENETO,T.C., and Nwogwugwu, N.U. The Effect Of Ph And Chemical Preservatives On The Growth Of Bacterial Isolates From Commercial Samples Of Fruit Juices Sold In South Eastern Nigeria. Researcher 2015;7(10):83-87]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11. doi:10.7537/marsrsj071015.11.

Key words: Preservatives, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Psuedomonas, Lactobacillus and Gluconobacter species.

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Research Literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Ma ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also known as lipoglycans and endotoxin, are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide composed of O-antigen, outer core and inner core joined by a covalent bond; they are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and elicit strong immune responses in animals. LPS function has been under experimental research for several years due to its role in activating many transcription factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. It is part of the system that restores the oxygen supply to tissues when blood circulation is inadequate. Serum concentration of VEGF is high in bronchial asthma and diabetes mellitus.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Research Literatures. Researcher 2015;7(10):88-131]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 12. doi:10.7537/marsrsj071015.12.

Key words: lipopolysaccharide (LPS); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); life

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