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The relationship between OCB and private components Cooperative Personnel Administration of Labor and Social Welfare of Yazd

Mehri Hosni¹, Dr. Abolfazl Sadeghian², Dr. Saeed Ghiasi Nodushan³

^1- Department of Public Administration, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

^2-(Corresponding author), Faculty member of Islamic Azad University of science and Research Branch, Yazd, Iran.

³ Faculty member of Allameh Tabatabai University

Abstract: There are many issues in the field of behavioral science, one of the most useful they can be noted OCB. The importance of organizational citizenship behavior is understood in all the angles. The present study investigated the relationship between OCB and organizational climate has been done with regard to demographic variables The study population consisted of 200 employees of the Office of International Cooperation, Lab our and Social Welfare was in Yazd province. According to Morgan, the sample size is 127, but 130 is used to ensure more. Demographic variables included age, gender, work experience and education are considered. The results showed between OCB and demographic variables except age of 51 years and under graduate and graduate education, there is a significant positive correlation.

[Mehri Hosni, Abolfazl Sadeghian, Saeed Ghiasi Nodushan. The relationship between OCB and private components Cooperative Personnel Administration of Labor and Social Welfare of Yazd. Researcher 2015;7(2):1-4]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.01

Keywords: Organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, cooperation, labor and social welfare Yazd

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Assess the relative success of the policy on value added tax in gain total tax revenues in Yazd

Fatemeh Dehghan Manshadi¹, Dr.Syed Yahya Abtahi², Dr. Saeid Eslami³

^1- Department of Public Administration, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

^2- (Corresponding author), Department of Economic, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

^3- Department of Public Administration, Faculty member of Islamic Azad University of Meybod, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: Tax is the best tool for providing general tax revenues, once the distribution of wealth and income, create fiscal discipline and economic management. Value added tax is a new tax than other introduced taxes, expand system is one of the best the tax developments to arises eliminate or reduce the problems and traditional taxes deficiencies and increase government revenue. In this study, using data autoregressive off setar monthly of Yazd province in the years 2005 to 2013 to examine the impact of the value added tax revenues have been studied. The results show that the relative success value added tax policy in increasing the total in Yazd tax revenues have been seen.

[Fatemeh Dehghan Manshadi, Syed Yahya Abtahi, Saeid Eslami. Assess the relative success of the policy on value added tax in gain total tax revenues in Yazd. Researcher 2015;7(2):5-11]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.02

Keywords: tax,tax VAT, autoregressive, way off setar.

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Analytic network process model to analyze and identify the risks associated with green building projects

Yaser Farajiasl

MSc of Civil Engineering, construction Engineering and Management, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Khuzestan, Iran

y.farajiasl@yahoo.com

Abstract: The issue of green buildings ensures physical and mental health of human beings. Green buildings can destroy the future of the earth, which seems to be saved. Risk management is the systematic application of management policies, procedures and processes related to the activities of analysis, assessment and control of risks. Risk management is the process of documenting the final decision and identifies and implements measures that can be used to bring the risk to an acceptable level. In this study, our main objective is to assess and identify risks and effective and provide an analytic network process model for ranking risks of green construction projects. The purpose of this method is to focus the attention of management in achieving the project objectives. In this research, the study of literature review has identified risks using statistical analysis to identify the effectiveness of the process using network analysis to prioritize them as possible. According to the graph, and the final weight was obtained using standard software SUPER DECISION unpredictable delays, weighing 0.353 followed by the financial and macroeconomic problems weighing 0.260 and 0.141 weight has a high internal chaos and the main risks are the respective weights.

[Yaser Farajiasl. Analytic network process model to analyze and identify the risks associated with green building projects. Researcher 2015;7(2):12-15]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.03

Key words: risk management, green building, analytic network process

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Job Satisfaction of Male and Female Teacher at Primary Level of District Shopian, Kashmir (J&K)

Dr. Ravi Kumar Bhat and Sakib Rashid Zargar

^1. Department of Education, University of Kashmir (J&K), India

^2. Computer Assistant, Women`s Studies Centre, University of Kashmir

E-mail: showkat80ahmad@gmail.com

Abstract: The present study was to assess the job satisfaction of male and female teachers at primary level of District Shopian, Kashmir (J&K). The sample for the present study were comprise of 300 primary school teacher primary school to get selected in the sample. Out of 300 total sample, 150 will be government male and female (75 male and 75 female) primary teachers and 150 were be private male and female (75 male and 75 female) primary teachers. In order to find their job satisfaction a self constructed information blank was prepared by the investigator in order to collect data about: a) type of school b) gender c) teaching experience and job satisfaction of teacher educators, Amar Singh and T.R Sharma’s job satisfaction scale have been administered. The study revealed that government primary school teacher have high job satisfaction than private primary school teachers and also found that female primary school teacher have high job satisfaction than male primary school teachers.

[Ravi Kumar Bhat and Sakib Rashid Zargar. Job Satisfaction of Male and Female Teacher at Primary Level of District Shopian, Kashmir (J&K). Researcher 2015;7(2):16-19]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.04

Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Male and Female teachers, Shopian, Kashmir, Primary level

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Turmeric Growth and development under Tropical Nursery Conditions at Basmath Tahsil of Hingoli district in Maharashtra

Dukare Indrajit¹ and Kadam Avinash²

¹ Research Scholar and ² Assistant Professor

School of Earth Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431606 (Maharashtra) India.

E-mail: indrajitdukare00@gmail.com

Abstract: The present investigation has mainly devoted to find out the correlation between soil characteristics and different stages of turmeric crop. Here, in the study, rate of germination, growth and health status of the crop and yield of turmeric have mainly been correlated with soil characteristics. The data on effect of soil type on fruit yield per plant was represented in the present study. The average yield of turmeric grown only in soil ranges from 0.7728 kg to 1.5792 kg. The minimum yield of turmeric was obtained in soil from the study site 1 (Viregaon) while the maximum yield was obtained in at study site 28 (Kurunda). The average yield of turmeric grown in soil with biomass ranges from 0.6636 kg to 1.8228 kg. The minimum yield of turmeric was obtained in soil from the study site 4 (Kaudgaon) while the maximum yield was obtained in at study site 25 (Murumba). The average yield of turmeric grown in soil with chemical fertilizer ranges from 0.42 kg to 1.36 kg. The minimum yield of turmeric was obtained in soil from the study site 19 (Satefal) while the maximum yield was ontained in at study site 3 (Telagaon).

[Dukare Indrajit and Kadam Avinash. Turmeric Growth and development under Tropical Nursery Conditions at Basmath Tahsil of Hingoli district in Maharashtra. Researcher 2015;7(2):20-27]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.05

Key words: Turmeric Growth, Tropical Nursery

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Toxic Effects Of Mercury: A Review Of Contemporary Understanding

Shabnum Nabi

Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India-202002

shabnum_nabi@yahoo.com

Abstract: The danger of methylmercury poisoning appears to be slight when the environment is not directly contaminated with methylmercury. Sediments rapidly bind mercury and decrease its availability to aquatic organisms. Sediments further have a greater propensity to demethylate than to methylate mercury. In noncontaminated aquatic ecosystems, the concentrations of methylmercury and inorganic mercury are many times lower than those that have been found to cause toxicity, even in the most sensitive organisms. Methylmercury bound to protein is comparatively less toxic than methylmercury salts, and selenium present in this protein appear to be one of the major detoxifying agents for methylmercury. This is particularly important in seafood, where there is an excess of selenium compared to methylmercury. Neurotoxicity induced by methylmercury (MeHg) increases the formation of reactive radicals and accelerates free radical reactions. This review summarizes recent findings in the MeHg- induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in its neurotoxicity. Oxidative stress on CNS can produce damage by several interacting mechanisms, including mitochondrial damage with increase in intracellular free Ca2+, activation and inhibition of enzymes, release of excitatory amino acids, metallothioneins expression, and microtubule disassembly.

[Shabnum Nabi. Toxic Effects Of Mercury: A Review Of Contemporary Understanding. Researcher 2015;7(2):28-43]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.06

Keywords: Methylmercury, Toxicity, Review

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Species composition and abundance of the spider fauna of the Hillside Dams Conservancy, Bulawayo. Zimbabwe.

Sebata S

Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Lupane State University, P.O. Box AC255, Bulawayo. Zimbabwe

sicelosebata@gmail.com

Abstract: The objective of the study was to describe the spider species composition and abundance of a semi arid protected area in Zimbabwe, the Hillside Dams Conservancy. The paper aims to introduce a neglected group of invertebrates –the arachnids which is primarily unknown to science particularly in Zimbabwe. Spiders were collected in ten weekly sessions from last week of July to September 2012, using sweep nets and beating trays. A total of 663 individuals belonging to 28 species distributed among 11 families were found in the conservancy. The Oxyopidae was the most abundant (n = 230) representing 35% of all spiders sampled, followed by Philodromidae (n = 140) with 21%, Thomisidae (n = 124) with 19%, and Salticidae (n = 87) with 13%. The most abundant species was an Oxyopidae Oxyopes sp (n = 186) representing 28% of the total, followed by a Philodromidae Philodromus sp (n = 120) with 18.1%, a Salticidae Salticidae sp (n = 82) with 12.4%. The Thomisidae was the most species rich family with twelve species, followed by Philodromidae with four species and the Oxyopidae with three species. Observed spiders belonged to five functional groups: stalkers, foliage wanderers, ambushers, orb weavers and ground wanderers in the ratio of 3: 3: 6:2:1 with regards to species richness. Spider diversity in protected areas in Zimbabwe is not yet well known despite their usefulness as indicators of the overall species richness and status of ecosystems, therefore this study sought to fill the existing void of Arachnology literature for the state and apprise future investigators of the spider fauna of Zimbabwe.

[Sebata, S. Species composition and abundance of the spider fauna of the Hillside Dams Conservancy, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Researcher 2015;7(2):44-49]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.07

Key words: spider diversity, protected areas, species richness, spider families and functional groups

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В журнал Life science Psychology of Well-Being - Activity Nature Of Social Adaptation Of Personality

A. A. Mashanov¹, M .V. Rostovtseva², I.A. Kovalevitch³, O.V. Shaydurova⁴

¹Psy.D, Associate Professor Siberian Federal University

²Psy.D, Associate Professor Siberian Federal University

³Psy.D, Associate Professor Siberian Federal University

⁴Senior Lecturer, Siberian Federal University

Abstract: The authors of this article reasonably prove that the activity approach is the perspective and methodologically significant social and philosophical approach in the research of the social adaptation. This approach allows analyzing social adaptation at macro and micro levels and synthesizes the search of common foundations of social adaptation’s process. The structure of the social adaptation’s process is justified by the authors of this article. This structure includes the following aspects: the problematic social situation actualizing adaptation process, adaptation resources (available, sufficient and necessary) for its solution and social relations which arise in the process of resolving contradictions by the personality and take the form of adaptation strategies. And the fourth aspect is the result of adaptation which is expressed in the social adaptivness or exclusion of the individual. It should be emphasized that in a context of activity approach, the features of social adaptation process can be opened from the point of view of researches of dynamic characteristics as all process as a whole, and its individual components and the determinants, characterizing the originality of the phases of adaptation, its stages and phases.

[A. A. Mashanov, M .V. Rostovtseva, I.A. Kovalevitch, O.V. Shaydurova. Activity Nature Of Social Adaptation Of Personality. Researcher 2015;7(2):50-54]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.08

Key words: social adaptation, activity approach, adaptation process, adaptation resources, social relations, stages of adaptation.

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Microbial Status Of Prison Inmates In Abakaliki Prison, Ebonyi State Southeastern Nigeria

Alo M.N.,¹ Ugah, U.I.,² Saidu A.Y.,³ and Alhassan H.M.⁴

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

²Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

³Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University of Dutse Jigawa State, Nigeria

⁴Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria

Abstract: Prisoners in developing countries live in extremely poor conditions. They carry a much greater burden of illness than other members of the society. They harbor diseases that are determined both by the environment from which they come and by the prison in which they live. This study aimed at determining the epidemiology of intestinal, haemoparasites and urinary infection among the inmates of Abakaliki prison. Venous blood, stool and clean-catch midstream urine specimens were collected from each informed and consenting prison inmate and analyzed following standard laboratory methods. A total of three hundred and fifty (350) prison inmates were enrolled in this study. Among this, 267 (76.29%) were positive for intestinal parasites, 193 (55.14%) were positive for urinary bacteria while 324 (92.57%) were positive for malaria parasites. The pathogens were observed to be higher among prison inmates who had been incarcerated for a longer duration than among those with shorter duration of incarceration. This study advocates immediate renovation and decongestion of prisons, as well as continuous education of prison inmates and prison officers, adequate nutrition and proper cooking of food served to inmates. Provision of potable water, improved toilets, beddings, clothing and social welfare facilities.

[Alo M.N., Ugah, U.I.,  Saidu A.Y.,  and Alhassan H.M. Microbial Status Of Prison Inmates In Abakaliki Prison, Ebonyi State Southeastern Nigeria. Researcher 2015;7(2):55-59]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.09

Keywords: prison, parasites, bacteria, environment.

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Rising Temperature Trends of Parbhani, Maharashtra, India

Karnewar Kailas¹, Kadam Avinash ²

Research Scholar¹, Assistant Professor²

School of Earth Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Vishnupuri, Nanded 431606 Maharashtra India

Email- kvkarnewar@gmail.com

Abstract: It becomes common equation that climate change means change in temperature and rainfall. Most of the researcher, scientist focuses on temperature and rainfall while studying climate change. Taking this fact in consideration this paper attempt to study the temperature change in Parbhani city by analyzing data of annual maximum, minimum, mean temperature and by taking anomalies from 1969 to 2010. The study of linear trends indicates increasing trends in annual maximum, minimum and temperatures. During 1969-2010 annual maximum, minimum and mean temperature is on continues increasing. I.e. The linear trends in annual maximum temperature from 1969-2010 indicated the increasing trends.

[Karnewar Kailas, Kadam Avinash. Rising Temperature Trends of Parbhani, Maharashtra, India. Researcher 2015;7(2):60-63]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.10

Key words: Annual maximum and annual minimum and annual mean temperatures, anomalies.

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Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Methanolic Extract (HME) against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL₄) Induced Damage in Rats

Abiodun O. Owoade* and AdewaleAdetutu

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, LadokeAkintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria

aoowoade@lautech.edu.ng

Abstract: The study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa methanolic extract (HME). The preliminary study showed that HME was able to scavenge the ABTS and DPPH radicals and these radicals scavenging abilities were found to be dose-dependent. The antioxidant bioactivity was evaluated on CCl₄ (carbon tetrachloride) treated Wistar albino rats. CCl₄ injection induced oxidative stress by a significant rise in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) along with reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Pretreatment of rats with different doses of HME (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly lowered serum ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and TBARS levels against CCl₄ treated rats. GSH and hepatic enzymes like SOD and CAT were significantly increased by treatment with the HME, against CCl₄ treated rats. According to this study, the total phenolic content of HME was found to be 54.19 mg/g in GAE/g dried weight. The presence of these phenolics compounds may be responsible for the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities observed in this study which could be due to the ability of phenolics compounds to absorb, neutralize and quench free radicals.

[Abiodun O. Owoade and AdewaleAdetutu. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Methanolic Extract (HME) against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL₄) Induced Damage in Rats. Researcher 2015;7(2):64-72]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.11

Key Words: Hibiscus sabdariffa, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, carbon tetrachloride, hepatoprotective.

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Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern of Escherichia coli isolated from Children of School Age in Ondo State, Nigeria

Onifade, A. K¹, Oladoja, M. A² and Fadipe, D. O³*

^{1, 2} Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.

³Health Centre, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria.

*Corresponding Author: E-mail: dipedare@gmail.com

Abstract: Two hundred and six (206) E. coli strains were isolated from school age children from five major towns in Ondo state and all isolates subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Most isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as Augmentin, Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Gentamicin, Cefixime, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, and Trimethoprim, but showed >50 percent susceptibility to Nitrofurantoin, Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The variability of drug resistance as observed in this work from the various locations is as well documented in literatures. The rate of E. coli resistance to drugs is shown here to vary from one location to the other within Ondo state in Nigeria.

[Onifade A.K, Oladoja M. A, Fadipe D, O. Antibiotics sensitivity pattern of E. coli isolated from children of school age in Ondo state, Nigeria. Researcher 2015;7(2):73-76]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 12

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.12

Key words: Escherichia coli, antimicrobial, resistance, susceptibility.

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Examine the relationship between finance pattern and growth Tehran Stock Exchange companies

Reza Ahmadi¹, Jamal Barzegari Khanagha(corresponding author)², Ali Reza Nasser Sadrabadi³

¹ Department of Accounting, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

²Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

³Department of Accounting, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

Abstract: Firm growth has become one of the most important themes in business and finance literature. Several arguments have been made to explain the significance of growth due to its role as a precondition for firm survival, innovation and technological change. An increase in firm growth might increase demand from it towards other sectors, which could enhance economic activity and as a result lead to growth at the macro level. This study examines the impact of financial structures on the growth in Tehran Stock Exchange. The objective of this paper is to explore whether firms’ growth can be associated with patterns of financial acquisition and whether these patterns influence firms’ growth differently when the source is either internal or external. In This study hypotheses were formulated and tested with panel data consisting of 186 firms from 2006 to 2011 period, this is a descriptive-regression research of field branch. The theory discussions are collected via library method and the data collected from stock exchange and report of companies. The empirical results reveal that external financial sources – short-term debt – significantly influence firm growth and this variable and growth are positively related. However Results in the total sample were weak but it was more significant in different industries; the results showed that in the automotive industries, short-term and long-term debts dad strongest relationship with growth, and conversely in Cement and ceramics industries retained profit was more important. The findings also indicate that size and age influence firm growth. The results of this research can be used by economic and financial politicians, capital market decision makers, the accepted companies in stock exchange, financial investigation institutes and individual investors.

[Reza Ahmadi, Jamal Barzegari Khanagha, Ali Reza Nasser Sadrabadi. Examine the relationship between finance pattern and growth Tehran Stock Exchange companies. Researcher 2015;7(2):77-82]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 13

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.13

Key Words: Growth, Size, Age, Short-Term Debt, Retained Profit

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Company growth rate and variables of changes in retained earnings, changes in short-term debt and changes in long-term debt in pharmaceutical industry

Reza Ahmadi¹, Jamal Barzegari Khanagha (corresponding author)², Ali Reza Nasser Sadrabadi³

¹department of Accounting, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

²Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

³Department of Accounting, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

Abstract: Firm growth has become one of the most important themes in business and finance literature. Several arguments have been made to explain the significance of growth due to its role as a precondition for firm survival, innovation and technological change. An increase in firm growth might increase demand from it towards other sectors, which could enhance economic activity and as a result lead to growth at the macro level. This study examines the impact of financial structures on the growth in Tehran Stock Exchange. The objective of this paper is to explore whether firms’ growth can be associated with patterns of financial acquisition and whether these patterns influence firms’ growth differently when the source is either internal or external. In This study hypotheses were formulated and tested with panel data consisting of 186 firms from 2006 to 2011 period, this is a descriptive-regression research of field branch. The theory discussions are collected via library method and the data collected from stock exchange and report of companies. The empirical results reveal that external financial sources – short-term debt – significantly influence firm growth and this variable and growth are positively related. However Results in the total sample were weak but it was more significant in different industries; the results showed that in the pharmaceutical industries, short-term and long-term debts dad strongest relationship with growth, and conversely in Cement and ceramics industries retained profit was more important. The findings also indicate that size and age influence firm growth.

[Reza Ahmadi, Jamal Barzegari Khanagha, Ali Reza Nasser Sadrabadi. Company growth rate and variables of changes in retained earnings, changes in short-term debt and changes in long-term debt in pharmaceutical industry. Researcher 2015;7(2):83-86]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 14

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.14

d 

Key Words: Short-Term Debt ,Growth, Age, Retained Profit

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Conditions of Growth of Primary and Upper Primary Education in District Kulgam, J&K

Mr Maroof Maqbool & Fayaz Ahmad Para

Research Scholar, Department of Adult, Continuing Education and Extension, University of Delhi.

Research Scholar, Department of History, Kashmir University, Hazratbal Srinagar.

E-Mail: showkat80ahmad@mail.com

Abstract: In the formal education system, primary education is the first step towards the path which puts the societies on the road of development. The overall educational background of the students of today and the citizens of tomorrow depends up on the quality of primary education which raises the plinth on which the whole edifice of education is build-up. In the present paper a humble attempt has been made to study the overall conditions and the pace of development in primary and upper primary education in Kulgam district of Kashmir from 2007 as the administrative unit of Kulgam as district came in to existence then. The paper studies both the public and private institutions of primary and upper primary education separately and then makes a comparison among them. The research of the paper is primary based on the primary data collected from the institutions and the various administrative departments of the district besides the investigator took insights from the secondary works available on the subject.

[Mr Maroof Maqbool & Fayaz Ahmad Para. Conditions of Growth of Primary and Upper Primary Education in District Kulgam, J&K. Researcher 2015;7(2):87-91]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 15

oi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.15

Keywords: Growth, Primary, Education, J&K

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Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wangerin

Sharad Vats

Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali University-304022 (Rajasthan), India

*Corresponding author- vats_sharad@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Medicinal plants have been used as a source of therapeutic agent since time immemorial. Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wangerin (Family: Cornaceae) is an important plant which have been used as traditional medicine to treat several diseases. The present study deals with the evaluation of antioxidant potential of A. salvifolium. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content was found to be 700 µg/ml ± 1.56 GAE and 256 µg/ml ± 1.26 quercetin equivalent, respectively. The IC50 value of the leaves extract against DPPH was found to be 135± 0.78 µg/ml. The Ferric reduction activity (FRAP assay) was evaluated to be 1350 ± 2.12 μM/L. The results suggest that A. salvifolium is a good candidate as a natural antioxidant.

[Vats S. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wangerin. Researcher 2015;7(2):92-94]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 16

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070215.16

Key Words: Alangium salvifolium, Phenolic, flavonoid, DPPH, FRAP

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Skew version of rings

¹Hamideh Pourtaherian, ² Samad Doostdar

^1. Department of Mathematics, FS, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400, Malaysia

^2. Department of civil engineering, University of Malaya (UM), Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

pourtaherian09@gmail.com

Abstract: The paper deals with Armendariz rings, their relationships with well known rings. Then we treat generalizations of Armendariz rings, such as McCoy ring, abelian ring and their links. In this paper, we consider a skew version of some classes of rings, with respect to a ring endomorphism α.

 [Hamideh Pourtaherian, Samad Doostdar, Researcher 2015;7(2):95-98]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 17

Keywords: Armendariz ring, skew polynomial ring, reversible, symmetric, semicommutative ring.

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