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Knowledge Sharing Prominence and Role in the 21 Century Organizations

Syed Muhammad Ali ¹, Usman Saleem ², Syed Muhammad Sikandar ³

^1. School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, China

^2. School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China, China

^3. Faculty of Economics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan

Email: smali@ciit.net.pk

Abstract: Knowledge sharing is very important resource for almost every type of the organization but there are many people existing in the world who still did not recognize the significance of the sharing of knowledge. The goal of this study is to describe some of the significance of knowledge sharing, focus on the previous literature and bring it together to illustrate the importance of knowledge sharing and its linkage with other factors. We studied different published papers and then select those literature which give the prominence and role of knowledge sharing in the organizations. This paper presents basic types of knowledge sharing which portrays the strength of the sharing of the knowledge and clearly shows that how visibly knowledge sharing plays role in the organizations. Existing literature generally emphases on the broader context of knowledge sharing but in this paper we discussed the vital role of knowledge sharing with some specific variables.

[Syed Muhammad Ali, Usman Saleem, Syed Muhammad Sikandar. Knowledge Sharing Prominence and Role in the 21 Century Organizations. Researcher 2015;7(1):1-7]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.01

Keywords: Knowledge Sharing, Innovative Behavior, Leadership, Individual Attitudes

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Thesaurus Applied Concept of Russian Youth

Vera A. Gnevasheva

Institute for the Fundamental and Applied Research Moscow University for the Humanities, Institute of Social and Politics Researches Russian Academy of Scientists (ISPR RAS), Moscow, Russia

vera_cos@rambler.ru

Abstract: The thesaurus concept of youth gives an opportunity to make the ways of development of youth social subjectivity clear and find out its controversial traits both as an “objectivated” activity and in facts of self-consciousness, which perform an important regulative function. The circumstance that institutionalized world is not much assimilated by a young person demands compensatory actions from himself, i.e. self-independent and predetermined interaction in peer group. Gradually he is familiarizing with area, rules, realities of this world. The mechanisms of this familiarization are construction and projecting of social reality. The constructions and projects of a young man can essentially differ from constructions and projects of a “responsible adult” (parents, teachers, etc.) and besides dynamically change. One of the peculiarities of youth milieu is combination of several thesauruses. It causes event-trigger hyperbolization of one of them, which is considered to be the most suitable in this particular life situation. We will consider the trends of changes in value orientations of the Russian student youth, which are stated on the empirical level. However, in the beginning we will define what the theoretical meaning of the study on the Russian youth value orientations is. Also we will specify what the essence of the value aspect of the youth studies is.

[Vera A. Gnevasheva. Thesaurus Applied Concept of Russian Youth. Researcher 2015;7(1):8-12]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.02

Keywords: Thesaurus; young people; social net; civil society; public identification of national and religious tolerance; patriotism; citizenship; value orientations

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Pentoxifylline (PTF) and Kidney

Ma Hongbao, Yang Yan

Brookdale University Hospital & Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Pentoxifylline (PTF), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and inhibits proliferation of macrophages and interstitial fibroblasts, extracellular matrix synthesis, and myofibroblast differentiation in the kidney. Pentoxifylline is a xanthine derivative that inhibits some inflammatory mediators and reduces interstitial renal fibrosis after partial ureteral obstruction in rats. PTF improves blood flow and reduce aching, cramping, and tiredness in the hands and feet, and it controls the symptoms of circulation problems, but it does not cure the diseases. PTF treatment ameliorates renal fibrosis and helps preserve filtration function of the kidney.

[Ma H, Yang Y. Pentoxifylline (PTF) and Kidney. Researcher 2015;7(1):13-18]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.03

Keywords: kidney; pentoxifylline (PTF); partial ureteral obstruction (PUO); interstitial fibroblast; phosphodiesterase inhibitor

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Mel frequency Cepstrum Coefficients and Enhanced LBG algorithm for Speaker Recognition

Hussein Lafta Attiya, Ali Yakoob Yousif

Babylon University College of Science for Women Computer Dept.

wsci.husein.attia@uobabylon.edu.iq, wsci.ali.yakoob@uobabylon.edu.iq

Abstract: In this paper, an improved strategy for automated text dependent speaker recognition system has been proposed in noisy environment. The preprocessing of speaker signal started with eliminate the background noise. The next step is signal filtering and features extraction using cepstrum coefficients method, this extracted features can be used to by the enhanced LBG for vector quantization algorithm for speaker recognition, such that the specified speaker can be determined by matching the speaker to be tested with in stored codebook in database. And finally select correct speaker that have the lesser Euclidean distance. The speech feature extraction was based on a dataset of 175 different samples collected from 25 different speakers The results of the proposed system approved with good recognition ratio of speaker identification with maximum accuracy about 96.2% for database with close set of selected words contains the most used phonemes. Also the results of experiments show that recognition accuracy increased with frames overlapping.

[Hussein Lafta Attiya, Ali Yakoob Yousif. Mel frequency Cepstrum Coefficients and Enhanced LBG algorithm for Speaker Recognition. Researcher 2015;7(1):19-25]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.04

Key words: Speaker recognition, Speech Signal Pre-processing, Mel frequency cepstrum Algorithm. Vector quantization

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Investigate the relationship between corporate standards and changes in accounting earnings

Seyed Ahmad Armakan¹, Seyed Mostafa Dehghani Firoozabadi²

¹ department of accounting, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.

²(corresponding author), department of accounting, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

Abstract: Accounting information systems, have been the most important tools for providing information about the financial position and performance of the business units. This study examines the relationship between firm size and the quality of earnings with earnings volatility at the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, three research hypotheses were examined. The first hypothesis stated that there is a significant relationship between the firm size and volatility of earnings. In the current study it was investigated whether earnings quality leads to lower volatility in profit or not? For this study is used data from 168 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange In the period from 2007 to 2011 and multiple linear regression analyzes based on the combined data. The results indicate that there is a significant and negative relationship between firm size and earnings quality variables with earnings volatility (standard deviation of profit). In addition, the findings showed that at the Tehran Stock Exchange there is no significant relationship between variations of the yield bonds and stock return with volatility of earnings variable.So that larger companies with stable earnings and earnings quality also leads to a reduction in earnings volatility.

[Seyed Ahmad Armakan,Seyed Mostafa Dehghani Firoozabadi. Investigate the relationship between corporate standards and changes in accounting earnings. Researcher 2015;7(1):26-33]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.05

Keywords: quality of accounting,earnings volatility, profit operations, quality of earnings and stock returns

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Examine the relationship between conscientiousness and versatility on the job performance

Nahid Askarian¹, Mohamad Reza Golkariee²

¹department of Public Administration, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

² (corresponding author), Executive Management, Deputy Refah Bank, Ebne Sina Branch, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between conscientiousness and versatility characteristics and impact of these two traits with job performance province Kerman's Department of Education. To perform this research evaluated extensive theoretical research in the field of personality and job performance. Special relationship took based on scientific literature and who opinion of experts and all the hypotheses of this study are based on established, The population of the study consisted of a total staff of education s Kerman is 330 people. Data was collected using questionnaires and by using SPSS software were analyzes through descriptive and inferential. Results showed a significant relationship between conscientiousness and versatility and also there is positively and directly relationship between personality traits variable and job performance.

[Nahid Askarian, Mohamad Reza Golkariee. Examine the relationship between conscientiousness and versatility on the job performance. Researcher 2015;7(1):34-38]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.06

Keywords: conscientiousness, versatility, job performance, Education total directorate.

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Comparative Studies Of The Efficacy Of Some Disinfectants On Human Pathogens

Mbajiuka Chinedu¹ Onuoha Stephen² and Ugah Uchenna³

¹Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike

²Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo

³Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo

Corresponding author: E-mail: ugahuchennaiyioku@gmail.com. Mobile: +2347062154353

Abstract: The anti microbial activities of three commonly used disinfectants Septol, Dettol and Z-germicides against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were investigated. Their efficacies were determined using the agar diffusion method at different concentrations of the test disinfectants and their potency was tested against a standard (phenol) by using phenol coefficient tests. The use of Septol on E.coli and S. aureus showed weak bactericidal efficacy with a zone of inhibition of 30mm and 29mm at 100% concentrations as compared to the others, even in their use in dilutions, although it possesses a high efficacy against C. albicans with a zone of inhibition of 75mm. Dettol and Z-germicides had equal inhibitory effects of 45mm on E.coli and S.aureus at 100% concentrations but Dettol was more effective, as compared to Z-germicides, although S. aureus was observed to be the most susceptible to Z-germicides when used in higher concentrations. It was observed that as the concentration reduces the susceptibility rates of the test organisms increases. The potency of the disinfectants against a standard disinfectant (phenol) showed that they were all more effective than phenol with Dettol being the most potent disinfectant as compared to both Z-germicide and Septol. To ensure disinfectants efficacy, tests should be carried out on new disinfectant products and also further studies should be carried out about disinfectants.

[Mbajiuka Chinedu Onuoha Stephen and Ugah Uchenna. Comparative Studies Of The Efficacy Of Some Disinfectants On Human Pathogens. Researcher 2015;7(1):39-45]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.07

Keywords: Disinfectants, Pathogens, Efficacy

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Synthesis and characterized of new Cephalexin derivatives

Abdul Jabar Kh Atia¹, Nagham majed abd alhassan², Layth Haitham Abdulghani³, Ali Abdul Rasool Hussein⁴

Department of chemistry, college of science

AL-Mustansirya University, Baghdad, Iraq.

ali_abd54144@yahoo.com

Abstract New Imidazole derivatives (5a - b) was synthesized by cyclization of hipuric acid derivatives (4a - b). The starting were readily obtained by reaction of Cephalexin with aromatic aldehyde then converted to Acid chloride (2a - b) which reaction with glycine (2-amino acetic acid) in basic medium. Compounds (5a - b) were converted into a variety of derivatives. All new compounds were characterized by FTIR and some of their by ¹H NMR and UV spectroscopy.

[Abdul Jabar Kh Atia, Nagham majed abd alhassan, Layth Haitham Abdulghani, Ali Abdul Rasool Hussein. Synthesis and characterized of new Cephalexin derivatives. Researcher 2015;7(1):46-50]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.08

Keywords: Cephalexin, Imidazole, Beta lactam

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The relationship between OCB and organizational climate (case study: Administration Cooperative, Work and Social Welfare of Yazd)

Mehri Hosni¹, D.r Abolfazl Sadeghian², Dr. Saeed Ghiasi Nodushan³

^1- Department of Public Administration, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

^2-(Corresponding author), Faculty member of Islamic Azad University of science and Research Branch, Yazd, Iran.

Faculty member of Allameh Tabatabai University

Abstract: Organizational citizenship behavior is one of the new subjects in the organizational behavior that effects on the different dimensions of an organization. The aim of the present research is to study the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational space. For this purpose, the various dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior and organizational space were measured via the questionnaire and their relations were analyzed. This research was done among the statistical community included 200 personnel of general office of cooperation, work and social welfare in Yazd province. According to Morgan table, there are 127 samples, but for more confidence, 130 samples were used. The results of the research revealed that with increase in scores of organizational citizenship behavior, the scores of organizational space is increased too, that indicates the direct relationship between these both variables and organizational citizenship behavior is one of the effective factors on the organizational space.

[Mehri Hosni, Abolfazl Sadeghian, Saeed Ghiasi Nodushan. The relationship between OCB and organizational climate (case study: Administration Cooperative, Work and Social Welfare of Yazd). Researcher 2015;7(1):51-56]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.09

Keywords: organizational citizenship behavior, cooperation, work, Yazd social welfare

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Examine the implementation of Law on VAT on increase tax revenue

Fatemeh Dehghan Manshadi¹, Dr. Syed Yahya Abtahi², Dr. Saeid Eslami³

^1-Department of Public Administration, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

^2-(Corresponding author), Department of Economic, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

^3-Department of Public Administration, Faculty member of Islamic Azad University of Meybod, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: Tax is the best tool for providing general tax revenues, once the distribution of wealth and income, create fiscal discipline and economic management. Value added tax is a new tax than other introduced taxes, expand system is one of the best the tax developments to arises eliminate or reduce the problems and traditional taxes deficiencies and increase government revenue. In this study, using data autoregressive off setar monthly of Yazd province in the years 2005 to 2013 to examine the impact of the value added tax revenues have been studied. The results show that implementation of the VAT on the increased Yazd tax revenue is positive and significant impact.

[Fatemeh Dehghan Manshadi, Dr. Syed Yahya Abtahi, Dr. Saeid Eslami. Examine the implementation of Law on VAT on increase tax revenue. Researcher 2015;7(1):57-63]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.10

Keywords: way off setar, tax, tax VAT, autoregressive.

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Enalapril

Ma Hongbao, Yang Yan

Brookdale University Hospital & Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Enalapril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, known as the dicarboxylate-containing ACE inhibitors, and is normally used in the treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure. The enalapril structure formula is C₂₀H₂₈N₂O₅, molecular wieght is 376.447, half life is 11 hours and excreted by renal. Enalapril maleate (Vasotec) is the maleate salt of enalapril, the ethyl ester of a long-acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat. The chemical name of enalapril maleate is (S)-1-[N-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl]-L-proline, (Z)-2-butenedioate salt (1:1). The enalapril maleate structure formula is C₂₀H₂₈N₂O₅•C₄H₄O₄ and molecular weight is 492.53. Enalapril maleate is unlike the prototype angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril in that a standard meal does not appear to influence absorption of this new drug.

[Ma H, Yang Y. Enalapril. Researcher 2015;7(1):64-78]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.11

Keywords: enalapril; angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE); inhibitor; hypertension; chronic heart failure; Renitec; Vasotec

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Width of Persian Gulf Surrounded by Variety of Pollution and Introducing a Solution

Seyed Meghdad Moghadas

MSc Student of Amir Kabir University of Technology, Chief Officer in National Iranian Tankers Company

mmnitc@yahoo.com

Abstract: The width of Persian Gulf always surrounded by variety of sea pollution, due to expanse and semi close. Yearly quartering oil carrier (Approximately 25000) and other factors have important role in pollution that now has grown exorbitance. Statistics show, annual, more than two million oil barrels and hydro carbon pertinent Persian gulf and we know gulf Persian  is bed rid of the best and the rarest types of fish and hydroid, if it wastes, there will be any lodgment for them. The most important pollution factors follow: Oil resources derivation, oil subside, petrochemical material, lack of coherent management, water cathartic.

[Seyed Meghdad Moghadas. Width of Persian Gulf Surrounded by Variety of Pollution and Introducing a Solution. Researcher 2015;7(1):79-80]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 12

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.12

Key words: Persian Gulf, Water, Pollution

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Effects of Compounded Soil Amendments on Yield of Cassava, Sweet Potato and Yam Tuber Crops in Owerri, South-eastern Nigeria

Ofor, Marian Onomerhievurhoyen^1*, Unamma, Anthony Odera², Opara, Patrick Ifeanyi³, Ihediohanma, Ngozi Chidinma and Nwokeji, Ephraim Maduka¹

1.                   Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B 1526 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

2.                   Department of Physical Science Education, Imo State University, P.M.B. 1001 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

3.                   Federal University of Technology International School P.M.B 1526 Owerri, P.M.B 1526 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

4.                   Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B 1526 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

mariofor2002@yahoo.com; patoparaife@yahoo.com

Abstract: Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of soil amendment, namely, 25percent burnt palm bunches (ash) and 75percent poultry manure on root crops. Treatments comprised four (4) soil amendment rates (0, 3, 6, and 9t/ha) and three (3) families of root crops viz; Dioscorea rotundata Poir cv. TDr 89/02665, Ipomoea batatas and Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. TMS 30555., arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications and in a factorial arrangement. The soil amendments were applied before planting arrangement. The soil analysis results before and after planting showed that there was marked improvement in soil K from 0.03 to 0.51 mg/l00g soil and pH from 5.86 to 6.50 as a result of soil amendment application. As a stimulatory source which induces shoot proliferation, soil amendment reduced the number of days to 50% sprouting from 33 to 29days. Cassava recorded the highest number of roots per plot (32.25) while soil amendment rate of 6t/ha gave the highest number of roots (27 per plot). Cassava yield (12.91t/ha) was significantly higher than yam yield (1l.41t/ha) and potato (7.84t/ha). Soil amendment rates of 6t/ha produced the highest yield (12.91t/ha) as it had greater assimilate allocation to the roots, than other rates which had nutrient imbalance and less nutrient availability.

[Ofor, Marian Onomerhievurhoyen, Unamma, Anthony Odera, Opara, Patrick Ifeanyi, Ihediohanma, Ngozi Chidinma and Nwokeji, Ephraim Maduka. Effects of Compounded Soil Amendments on Yield of Cassava, Sweet Potato and Yam Tuber Crops in Owerri, South-eastern Nigeria. Researcher 2015;7(1):81-88]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 13

doi:10.7537/marsrsj070115.13

Key words: soils, amendments, compounded, tuber crops, organic

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The Relationship between Principal’s Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Styles in Primary Schools

Mojgan Mirza¹ and Ma’rof Redzuan²

^1&2: Department of Social and Development Science, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

¹E-mail: Mirza_KLA@yahoo.com, ² marof@putra.upm.edu.my

Abstract: There are various studies done on relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership, only a few of them were took part in educational organizations by focusing on view point of the Bass & Avolio’s leadership styles and Bar-On’s theory of emotional intelligence. This research made an attempt to prepare an empirical research-evidence for supporting the proposed link between school principal’s emotional intelligence and leadership styles. Collected data (n=268) were analyzed by using. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The result indicated statistically significant relationship between principal’s emotional intelligence and leadership styles. This significant relationship resulted that the higher level of the principal's emotional intelligence is linked to the transformational leadership style. In contrast, transactional and laissiez-fair leadership styles were not positive associated with emotional intelligence. Consequently, school programmer should be focused on the especial training methods to enhance principal's emotional intelligence level whereby they can develop the transformational leadership style qualities. These development qualities concerns about transforming the present condition and followers requirements.

[Mojgan Mirza and Ma’rof Redzuan. The Relationship between Principal’s Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Styles in Primary Schools. Researcher 2015;7(1):89-93]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 14

Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Transformational, Transactional, Laissez-faire, Principals, School

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