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The Reflection of the Common Comprehension of Iranians in the Historical Texts (3rd to6th hijrī centuries)

Parvin Torkamany Azar

Associate Professor of history, Faculty of Historical Research, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran

ptorkamanyazar@gmail.com

Abstract: The book of counsels of the ancient Iran (known as andarznāmi) contained the political ideas of Iranians on the principles of governance. The necessity of the knowledge and application of such idea was felt very soon in the Islamic period. Therefore, the themes of these books of counsels were used for the compilation of Sīyar al-mulūk (the biographies of kings). In addition, the historians of this era wrote their history books under influence of the political ideas of Iranians. The main readers of this works were the kings and rulers of that time. Most of these works were written to criticize the existing conditions and provide practical solutions and instructions for the correction of the society, ensuring the security and prosperity of the people. This research aims to study the influence of the common knowledge of Iranian society on the political management of Iranians as reflected in the historical texts of the Islamic period (from (3rd to6th hijrī century). Moreover, it aims to find out that if such an influence was effective in the adoption of the method of their historiography. The findings of this research from the historical texts of those periods show that the historians were influenced by the common knowledge of the society, that is, the governance traditions, and wrote their history books based on the methods proportional to such an influence, that is, based on a critical method.

[Parvin Torkamany Azar. The Reflection of the Common Comprehension of Iranians in the Historical Texts. Researcher 2014;6(2):1-7]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.01

Key words: common Comprehension, Iran, history texts, governance principles, 3rd to 6th hijrī centuries.

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Hydrocarbon generation from candidate source rocks in the Persian Gulf

Z. Jahantigh Pak¹, H. Biyabangard¹, M.R. Bakhshi¹, F. Shabani²*

^1.Department of Geology, Zahedan Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

^2.Reasech institute of petroleum industry, Tehran, Iran

shabanif@ripi.ir

Abstract: The main objective of the Petroleum Systems Modeling is to produce a petroleum systems study on the Persian Gulf by using the most advanced petroleum systems modeling techniques, and associated software, available today. This will be based on geological, petrophysical, geochemical and geophysical data in order to predict and estimate of hydrocarbon generation, expulsion time, and reconstruction of the thermal history and source rock maturity over geological time. The following paper covers the 1D modeling of four key Well data from the North-West in the Iranian part of Persian Gulf. Calculated maturities show that the conceptualized Albian Kazhdumi source rock lies in main oil window, though at places in early oil zone also. The Cenomanian Sarvak source lies in early oil and immature zones at present. The timing of HC generation and the onset of expulsion of different sources in all the key wells are evaluated. The Kazhdumi Formation has been HC since Late-Early Miocene (≈10-20 Ma ago) in Well#2 and Well#1 since Eocene (≈50 Ma ago).  Also Sarvak Formation  has started expelling HC in Well#4 and Well#3 since Miocene (≈10-20 Ma ago) and for Well#2 and Well#1 started expelling since Eocene (≈50 Ma ago).

[Z. Jahantigh Pak, H. Biyabangard, M.R. Bakhshi, F. Shabani. Hydrocarbon generation from candidate source rocks in the Persian Gulf. Researcher 2014;6(2):8-19]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.02

Key word: Modeling, Persian Gulf, key well.

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Investigation Imam Sadegh University Curriculum

Mohammad Bagher Arab Shibani

MA in History and Philosophy of Education, Tabas City, South Khorasan

Abstract: Curriculum include major factor that has a special place in formal education. Since the need to develop a curriculum and related factors, particularly in Islamic education, Islamic and perfectly suitable model presented; today there is such a pattern in Islamic societies is a crucial conducting research in this area is essential. This paper presents the curriculum of Imam Jafar Sadiq (AS) as a model to teach the way of curriculum development from Imam Sadiq (AS), and of course materials, teacher characteristics, student characteristics, teaching methods, how to encourage students, method of evaluation in education Jafar (AS), analysis and results are summarized in the charts and conclusions are presented.  

[Mohammad Bagher Arab Shibani. Investigation Imam Sadegh University Curriculum. Researcher 2014; 6(2):20-26]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.03

Key words: curriculum Imam Sadiq (AS), materials Imam Sadiq (AS), the characteristics of teacher and student in education Ja'far (AS)

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Comparison of Khatami and Ahmadinejad administrations foreign policy discourse and its impact on Middle East policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Naghmeh Ghanbari

MA, Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran center branch

naghmeh.ghanbari@yahoo.com

Abstract: Foreign policy of the Islamic republic of Iran has always been a function of agents and institutions which has influenced on decision making process and huge strategies. In addition to influential main references such as supreme leader, the direction of Iran foreign policy has also been affected by government's changes. This change in governments has different results on policy adoption based on political platform. After Hashemi Rafsanjani’s government in 1997 two next governments, it means Seyyed Mohamad Khatami and Mahmood Ahmadi Nezhad had a specific political process. Khatami’s government with reformist policy and de-tension process in foreign policy and Mahmood Ahmadi Nezhad’s government with oriented principles methods and attitude and tension process took the helm of the Islamic Republic foreign policy in their hand. The most important foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be seen in the Middle East. realistic look at the foreign policy in Khatami’S government finally lead Iran to the policy adoption based on de-tension and to expand relationships with Middle East in years 1997 to 2005, while in Ahmadi Nezhad’s government fundamentalism and aggressive direction found and finally both paradigm have been effective in different proportions in Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign policy in Middle East’s region.

[Naghmeh Ghanbari. Comparison of Khatami and Ahmadinejad administrations foreign policy discourse and its impact on Middle East policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Researcher 2014;6(2):27-33]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.04

Keywords: Foreign policy, Islamic Republic of Iran, foreign policy discourse, Seyyed Mohammad Khatami, Mahmood Ahmadi Nezhad, Middle East.

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Analysis Compound Verbs Transformation in Tarikh-e-Beyhaqi

Mohammad Sargolzaei

PhD student in Linguistics, Department of Foreign Languages, Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan

Abstract: Tarikh-e-Beyhaqi is one of Persian old texts owns many Persian characteristics. Analyzing compound verbs is the aim of this article. In this research, verb compounds were collected on the considered subject through note-taking and analyzed in library research mode. Then, they were analyzed thoroughly. Results show that although Tarikh-e-Beyhaqi was authored 10 decades ago, most of verb compounds in this work are in accordance with the recent ones and the available differences indicate stylistics specifications appropriate with the era when the book was written.

[Mohammad Sargolzaei. Analysis Compound Verbs Transformation in Tarikh-e-Beyhaqi. Researcher 2014;6(2):34-37]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.05

Key words: Tarikh-e-Beyhaqi, compound verb, noun, adjective, adverb, preposition.

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Geomorphological Analysis Of Aralamallige Watershed, Bangalore Using Remote Sensing And Gis Approach

Adhfur Sherwani¹_, Mohammad Aneesul Mehmood²_, Khursheed Alam³

1. Ph.D Research Scholar, Dept. Environmental Sciences, Bangalore University, India.

2. Ph.D Research Scholar, SKUAST-Kashmir, India.

^3. Research Scholar, Dept of Chemistry, AMU, India.

E-mail: shoowkat80ahmad@gmail.com

Abstract: The area selected for the present study was Aralamallige Watershed in Dodaballapur Taluk, Bangalore Rural District located between 77° 25’and 77 °35’32.6’’ E longitude and 13 °15’ 21.54’’ and 13° 23’2.27’’N Latitude. The catchment comprises of an area of about 138.45 sq.km. Remote sensing provides the base information’s on the land use/land cover, soil, drainage and other aspects. GIS softwares were used for database creation and other analysis. Morphometric analysis was carried for the entire watershed to understand the hydrological process. Drainage density estimated to be 1.9km/sq km. The study demonstrated the use of remotely sensed data in conjugation with GIS for better management of natural resources within the watershed.

[Adhfur Sherwani, Mohammad Aneesul Mehmood, Khursheed Alam. Geomorphological Analysis Of Aralamallige Watershed, Bangalore Using Remote Sensing And Gis Approach. Researcher 2014;6(2):38-41]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.06

Keywords: Geomorpholgical, Aralamallige, Watershed, Sensing, GIS Approach.

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Bias and Cultural diversity in Psychological Assessment: An

Empirical Review

Olusegun Emmanuel Afolabi

Department of Educational Foundation, Faculty of Education University of Botswana

Abstract: A century of research evidence on psychological assessment shows that scientist have made several efforts to advance a ‘‘culture free’’ tests (Jensen, 1980). Similarly, research also demonstrates that only a few numbers of issues in psychology research divide researchers and the general public as the use of standardized assessments with diverse culture. To illuminate these concerns and possibilities in a concrete context, the article systematically analyse the history of psychological assessment and explains the application of psychometric and socio-cultural framework for psychological tests. This article uses empirical evidence to analyses cultural bias in psychological tests and explores various approaches that describes and examine bias in psychological assessment. The paper also explores (1) the taxonomy of bias and equivalence in psychological testing, (2) identifies issues surrounding test bias, (3)explain sources of bias (4) evaluate how culture influences psychological assessment of diverse groups and last but not the least, (5)examine the inference of bias controversy and recommend various processes that remove bias in psychological assessment. Finally, findings reveal that psychological test performance on different cultural group shows different outcomes.

[Olusegun Emmanuel Afolabi. Bias and Cultural diversity in Psychological Assessment: An Empirical Review. Researcher 2014;6(2):42-53]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.07

Keyword: Bias, Cultural diversity, Method bias, Psychological assessment.

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Evaluating different guardian structures in making subway stations and introducing optimal method by using Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) (Case Study: Ahvaz subway)

Mohamad Feizollahpouri¹, Jamshid Salahshour², Mehdi Mahdavi Adeli³

^1. Master degree student of Construction Management, Department of Engineering, Shoushtsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

^2. Assistant professor, Department of Engineering, Shoushtsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

^3. Director of Mater Degree group of Construction Management, Department of Engineering, Shoushtsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

mohamad.feizollah@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the most important subjects of implementation is the plan of guardian structure of box` parapets for subway stations. Depth of parapets for Ahvaz subway station is up to 15 meters. Some factors such as drift soil, soil pressure and especially depth of underground water are about 1 to 1.5 meter below the ground surface in city of Ahvaz, cause drift parapets of stations box. First, strot (reciprocal anchorage) was used in order to prevent drift and movement of parapets. Then, strots because of time consuming and high costs were removed and other methods were adopted. For this subject, it was suggested that bodies will be connected to their backside soil by nailing and anchoring systems. In urban subway projects, which are currently being implemented in Iran, they generally use pile dig system and sheet piling for stations implementations and they hold bodies, then they perform main structure within this body, after excavation. In this project, the selected method couldn't provide major goals of the projects, because of nonuse of a classic research to determine the most appropriate guardian structure. In this article with taking advantage of AHP, different types of plans for guardian structures are examines and are analyzed, then criterions and priorities that allocated to the plans are analyzed by software Expert Choice, so the final result will be the most appropriate plan of  guardian structure.[1,2]

[Mohamad Feizollahpouri, Jamshid Salahshour, Mehdi Mahdavi Adeli. Evaluating different guardian structures in making subway stations and introducing optimal method by using Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) (Case Study: Ahvaz subway). Researcher 2014;6(2):54-64]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.08

Keywords:Guardian structure, Subway station, Analytic Hierarchical Process(AHP), Optimal method

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Opening Up Indian Legal Services Sector For Foreign Lawyers & Foreign Law Firms: Issues And Impacts Thereof

Jamshed Ansari

Designation: Guest Faculty, University of Delhi, Delhi ( India)

E-Mail- jamshedansari024@gmail.com, Mob. No. 09811365596

Address: F-379, Main Jagatpur Road, Wazirabad, District- North Delhi, State- Delhi- 110084, Country- India

ABSTRACT: In a market, Competition promotes efficiency, offers wider choice, increases consumer welfare, better products and services and contributes to the growth of an economy. Free competition means total freedom to develop optimum size without any restriction. The Competition Act, 2002, provides the framework of competition law in India. The Indian Legal Services Sector is one the most growing services sectors of the Indian Economy. As per the estimates, this sector has the potential to reach US $ 5 Billion by the end of 2011. At present, India has the 2^nd largest number of lawyers in the world with the strength of more than one million lawyers. In India, according to available statistics, about 80,000 law graduates pass out every year from the country’s 965 law schools. Legal Services is one of the services that can be opened up to trade under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) but subject to the commitments made by the Government of India in this regard. India has not yet included legal services in its schedule of commitments under the General Agreements on Trade in Services. However, there has been tremendous pressure from the members of the World Trade Organization to allow foreign lawyers and foreign law firms to set foot in India. The issue of opening up of the legal services regime has been a matter of considerable debate. The controversy arose in 1993 when three foreign law firms i.e. Ashurst Morris of UK and White & Case and Chadbourne & Parke of the US tried to open up their branch offices in India. The Lawyers’ Collective challenged the practice of the above firms in Bombay HC alleging that they are practicing the profession of law in India illegally. However, in December, 2009 the Bombay HC disallowed their practices observing that their advisory services come under the ambit of the expression “practice the profession of law” as per the provisions of the Advocates Act, 1961 which prohibits the foreign lawyers and foreign law firms to practice the profession of law in India. Since this case, the prohibition on the entry of foreign lawyers and the foreign law firms in India has been debated vociferously along with other restrictions imposed on the legal services sector by the Advocates Act, 1961 and the Bar Council of India Rules, 1975. In this background, the author has strong speculation that such restrictions on the legal services sector are anti- competitive and hampering competition in the legal services market. Thus, the restrictions imposed under Advocates Act, 1961 and Bar Council of India Rules, 1975 on foreign lawyers and foreign law firms are ante competitive as per Competition Act, 2002 hence void. The Government of India should amend the provisions of advocates Act and Bar Council of India Rules so as to allow foreign lawyers and foreign law firms to practice the profession of law in India.

[Ansari, Jamshed. Opening up Indian Legal Services Sector for Foreign Lawyers & Foreign Law Firms: Issues and Impacts thereof. Researcher 2014;6(2):65-72]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.09

Key Words: Foreign Lawyers, Foreign Law Firms, Competition, Advocates, Indian Legal Services Sector, Bar Council of India, GATS, WTO.

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Prevalence of Diabetes mellitus in Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria

 ¹Akinjinmi A. A,   ¹Adeyooye O. A, ²Akingbade O. A.,  ³Okerentugba P.O.

¹Department of Chemical Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Idi Aba, Abeokuta, Nigeria

E-mail: tundeuluv@yahoo.com, 08060706263

koladeadeyooye@gmail.com, 07069360263

²Department of Microbiology, Federal Medical Centre, Idi Aba, Abeokuta, Nigeria

E-mail: a.olusola@yahoo.co.uk, olusola.akingbade@yahoo.co.uk, 08063529234

³Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Abstract: A total of one hundred and eighty two participants were screened for diabetes from three communities after counseled in Abeokuta. Informed consent was obtained from the participants before commencement of the study. Two blood samples were collected, the first sample was collected before eating in the morning (fasting blood sugar) and the second after two hours of food (post-prandal). The blood samples (0.01ml) were pipette into tubes and 1.00ml of the reagent were added. These were mixed and incubated for 10 minutes at 37^oC. The absorbance of the standard and the blood sample (test serum) were measured against the reagents blank and read using spectrophotometer at wavelength of 540 πm.  Of the one hundred and eighty two subjects that were screened, twenty seven were positive. Male subjects had higher prevalence of diabetes (1.85%) than females with 1.19% prevalence while age group 48 - 57years had the highest prevalent rate (21.1%). This study further confirms the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus among communities in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to diabetes prevention and control, that takes into account all of the relevant risk factors, at the individual, the country and the international levels.

[Akinjinmi A. A, Adeyooye O. A, Akingbade O. A., Okerentugba P.O. Prevalence of Diabetes mellitus in Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria. Researcher 2014;6(2):73-75]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.10

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Prevalence, Risk factors, Nigeria

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Designing and compiling first grade primary Persian book in terms of research-based approach and comparing it to current Persian book in order to increase and persuade students’ creativity from viewpoints of teachers and curricular experts in academic year 2013-14

Parvin Salari Chineh¹ (Corresponding author), Ezatollah Naderi², Maryam Seif Naraghi³

1. PhD student of Department of Educational sciences, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN

2. PhD, Professor of Department of Educational sciences, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN

3. PhD, Professor of Department of Educational sciences, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN

Abstract: The aim of this study is to design and compile research content for first grade primary Persian book in terms of research-based components including stimulation of curiosity feeling and problem seeking, planning for research and how to educate process of data gathering by observation and other sources for data transfer and comparing it to current book using views of teachers and experts. This research is applicable in type and background methodology has been used in order to do this research. For this purpose, statistical population of teachers and curricular experts was used. 51 teachers and 14 curricular experts were chosen using random sampling. Considering that the aim of research is to investigate similarity and agreement or dissimilarity and disagreement of two distributions (teachers and experts) on creativity dimensions in compiled and current books, χ2 square has been used to analyze data inferentially in order to decide whether agreement or disagreement of two distributions (teachers and experts) on two books is different regarding components of creativity. SPSS software, version 19 has been used to analyze data. Present research includes 3 hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: first grade primary Persian book organized regarding stimulation of curiosity and problem seeking (of research components) in students is more effective than current first grade primary Persian book. Hypothesis 2: first grade primary Persian book organized regarding planning for research (of research components) in students is more effective than current first grade primary Persian book. Hypothesis 3: first grade primary Persian book organized regarding how to train process of data gathering by observation and other resources for data transfer (of research components) in students is more effective than current first grade primary Persian book. All above mentioned hypotheses have been confirmed in text, image and activity in 0.01 level. First hypothesis has been confirmed considering component of sensitivity to problem (one of eight creativity components of Gilford). The second hypothesis has been confirmed considering four creativity components of Gilford namely synthesis, analysis, complexity and evaluation. Third hypothesis has been confirmed considering three creativity components namely fluidity, new ideas and flexibility. In general, considering research results in which hypotheses have been confirmed, it can be concluded that the author has been successful in designing and organizing first grade primary book in terms of research-based approach. In addition to research-based approach, the compiled book is able to increase and persuade creativity in students considering research results obtained from views of teachers and experts.

[Parvin Salari Chineh, Ezatollah Naderi, Maryam Seif Naraghi. Designing and compiling first grade primary Persian book in terms of research-based approach and comparing it to current Persian book in order to increase and persuade students’ creativity from viewpoints of teachers and curricular experts in academic year 2013-14. Researcher 2014;6(2):76-82]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11.  doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.11

Keywords: Research Based approach, Creativity, sensitivity to the problem, fluidity, new ideas, flexibility, synthesis, analysis, complexity, evaluation.

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Knowledge and Attitudes of People in Zanjan about Iodine Disorders

Moraveji m.,ms.(corresponding author), farmanbar R.,  , soleimannezhad N., M.S. , Nori A., MS

1-Dept of Nursing, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

2-Assistant Professor of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht (Iran)

3- Zanjan  University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

4-Dept of Mathematics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract: Introduction: Iodine is a trace and essential element for human health. Iodine deficiency disorders are a major problem and a health priority in Iran. In order to prevent and combat of this problem, it looks that the promotion of awareness of proper hygiene practices are essential. The most dangerous aspect of personal and social effects of iodine deficiency and the motivation for evaluation the knowledge of women attitudes about these disorders were done in this study in 2011. Method: With a multi-stage random selection, 72 women whom referred to health centers household in the winter of 2011 in Zanjan were studied by descriptive methods. After collecting data through face to face discussion and necessary statistical calculations, the knowledge and attitudes were assessed. Results: 73.6 percent of units have somewhat favorable awareness and 70.8% of them had the right attitude. Most awareness and increasing the knowledge of population about the disorders were done on the radio and television (29.2 percent). There are a significant relation between consciousness and awareness status, occupation, awareness and education, and education and awareness of spouses in catching a goiter. Also in attitude part except in marital status there wasn't any relationship between other cases. Conclusions: Low levels of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Awareness and attitudes are the most important health problems in the community which was studied, thus effectively improving training programs should be designed and implemented.

[Moraveji m., ms., farmanbar R., soleimannezhad N., Nori A. Knowledge and Attitudes of People in Zanjan about Iodine Disorders. Researcher 2014;6(2):83-86]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 12. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.12

Keywords: knowledge, attitudes, goiter, Iodine deficiency disorder, Iodine iodized

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The Effect of Life satisfaction and Role Centrality on Job Satisfaction- Turnover Intention Relationship.

Charif Amara,  Management Department, University of Jijel, Algeria.

sherif312@gmail.com,

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate how life satisfaction and role centrality were operating in the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention in order to understand why employees may leave even if the work is designed to satisfy all what they want. The hypotheses were tested with a sample of 353 nurses from three hospitals by using structural equation modeling for the direct effects and multiple regressions for the moderation. The results indicate that 52 percent of the nurses often think about quitting the current job, 40 percent of them think about looking for another job next year, and 37 percent will actively look for a new job in the next year. The results of the hypotheses indicate that all the direct effect between job satisfaction, life satisfaction and turnover intention are significant. All the moderation hypotheses by using role centrality as a moderator are not supported. Nevertheless, the result of the exploratory analysis suggested that role centrality could be best conceptualized as the main effect directly influencing life satisfaction. Job satisfaction and role centrality may have an indirect relationship with turnover intention through life satisfaction. Implications for future research and mentoring practice are discussed.

[Charif Amara,  Management Department, University of Jijel, Algeria. The Effect of Life satisfaction and Role Centrality on Job Satisfaction- Turnover Intention Relationship. Researcher 2014;6(2):87-98]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 13. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.13

Key words: job Satisfaction; life Satisfaction; role centrality; turnover intention; nurses.

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Prevalence of Mycoplasma species in urine samples collected from females attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, FCT-Nigeria

Ugoh, Sylvanus Chukwudi, Nneji, Lotanna Micah and Samuel, Sussan

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, PMB 117, Nigeria

sylvaugoh@hotmail.com, lotannanneji@gmail.com

Abstract: Prevalence of Mycoplasma species among females attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada-Abuja was conducted. A total of one hundred urine samples were collected from females aged 15-40 years. 0.5 ml of each urine sample was poured into a universal bottle containing 5 ml of freshly prepared Brain- Heart Infusion broth and seeded with 1 ml suspension of sterilized yeast, 1 ml suspension of penicillin, 5 ml of phenol red and 5 ml of L-argentine and was incubated at 37^oC for 24 hours. Furthermore, 0.3 ml of the mixture was inoculated onto freshly prepared Brain-Heart Infusion Agar and incubated at 37^oC for 3days. The result obtained showed that the overall prevalence rate of Mycoplasma species was 14%. Younger age group (15-20 years) had higher prevalence rate (42.90%) of Mycoplasma species infection than the older female subjects. However, out of 14 positive samples identified, nine (64.30%) were infected by Ureaplasma urealyticum and five (35.70%) were infected by Mycoplasma hominis. This study has highlighted the need to raise awareness of colonization of the urinary tracts by Mycoplasma species, hence there is need to expand services for prevention and treatment of this infection among females.

[Ugoh, Sylvanus Chukwudi, Nneji, Lotanna Micah and Samuel, Sussan. Prevalence of Mycoplasma species in urine samples collected from females attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, FCT-Nigeria. Researcher 2014;6(2):99-104]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 14. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.14

Keywords: Prevalence, Mycoplasma, urinary tracts, females.

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Support Vector Machine Based Kernel Types in Extraction of Urban Areas in Uyo Metropolis from Remote Sensing Multispectral Image

Christopher E. Ndehedehe

Department of Geoinformatics & Surveying, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria. christopherndehedehe@gmail.com

Abstract: Multi-spectral satellite data provides the potential for mapping and monitoring development in urban areas, but this would require the development and application of accurate techniques that will effectively extract spatial information from remote sensing data sets. This work examines the efficiency of SVM-based kernels for the quantification of the built environment from Landsat 7 imagery in Uyo metropolis, Nigeria. It is the first application of the use of SVM to classify remotely sensed data for urban studies in Uyo metropolis. 29 training sample points (pixels) representing urban areas was used for the signature development. Post-classification comparison was adopted to examine the performance of the various kernel types and the result showed that Sigmoid Kernel performed better than others in the quantification of built up areas. This SVM kernel trick has proved to be very useful in segmenting built environment from multispectral satellite images.

[Christopher. E. Ndehedehe. Support Vector Machine Based Kernel Types in Extraction of Urban Areas in Uyo Metropolis from Remote Sensing Multispectral Image. Researcher 2014;6(2):105-112]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 15. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060214.15

Key words: SVM, Kernel Types, remote sensing, classification, ENVI, Impervious surface

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