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Analysis of Gross National Product (GNP) in the form of time series

Hadiseh Mahzooni Najafabadi¹, Ali Karbasi Najafabadi², Mehrzad Navabakhsh³

^1. MSc of Industrial Management, Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad, Isfahan, Iran

^2. Ph.D in Management, Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad, Isfahan, Iran

^3. Ph.D in Industrial Engineering, Department of Industrial, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad, Isfahan, Iran

hadisemahzoni@yahoo.com

Abstract: Study about valuable indicators in universities, government agencies and research institutes are really important along with practical improve in government statistics. Among the macroeconomic indicators, GNP and GDP are very important. There are statistics on the time series of potential GDP which can play an important role in various economic analyzes. In this paper, data collected in the framework of GNP were analyzed based on time series and also try to analyze GNP and investigate changes in their rate and also GDP growth rate, to predict them in future years that could be used by different organizations. The data collection for this study is gathering data from library and data analysis have been carried out by inferential statistical methods. The research involves whole country and has been studied over a period of years 1976-2011.

[Hadiseh Mahzooni Najafabadi, Ali Karbasi Najafabadi, Mehrzad Navabakhsh. Analysis of Gross National Product (GNP) in the form of time series. Researcher 2013;5(12):1-10]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.01

Keywords: GNP, time series, trend, forecasting, exponential smoothing

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Investigation ultrastructure reflects on the Epididymis of mice

 Amnah Al Swaff

 Department of ultra structure reflects studies; Faculty of Medicine; Cairo, Egipt

Abstract: In all avian species studied to date, the epididymal ducts was not uniform along its length. It consisted of a different number of regions with different histological and Cytological structure. The epididymal region was suggested to perform many activities. A Secretory activity was recorded by in fowl. Phagocytosis of the broken down germ cells and degenerated spermatozoa have been also speculated in fowl &) in different birds. The epididymal region of the pigeon macroscopically appeared as an elongated organ closely attached to the dorsomedial aspect of the testis and they were enclosed together within the tumica albuginea.

[Amnah Al Swaff. Investigation ultrastructure reflects on the Epididymis of mice. Researcher 2013; 5(12):11-23]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.02

Keywords: Epididymis, mice, rate testis, efferent ductless.

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Study of textile pigments transfer print with Nano-form (PVC/DEHP (composites

E. Allam¹, R. Azzam¹ and A. Abd El-Moniem ²

¹ Textile Printing, Dyeing and Finishing Department, Faculty of applied arts, Helwan University, ² Consultant of textile printing & finishing, CEO of SPI Company

ceo@spi-eg.com

Abstract: Transfer print is one of textile printing techniques which enable small printing shops to do work without much equipments and workers, traditional method deals with sublimation transfer technique which suites only synthetic fibers (polyester fabrics), white or pale shade backgrounds while pigments transfer of (PVC/DEHP) composites can applied for all types of fabrics either dark or white backgrounds depending on the highly adhesion power of the investigated composites and the reforming ability of the elastomeric polymer composite.

[E. Allam^, R. Azzam and A. Abd El-Moniem. Study of textile pigments transfer print with Nano-form (PVC/DEHP (composites (Inventors). Researcher 2013;5(12):24-29]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.03

Key Words: PVC poly vinyl chloride, DEHP diethyl hexyl phthalate

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Positive experiences of childbirth: a phenomenological study

Zahra Ahmadi

Member of Midwifery Department, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract: Background: childbirth is a social, psychological and physiological phenomenon and experiences of childbirth would have wide and deep impact on the on the emotional and psychological health of women and their families, so the design a model is useful to create and promote positive experiences for improving maternal health and labor and knowledge of family. To design such a model, a deep knowledge about the factors influencing positive birth experience is necessary. This study is carried out aimed to explore and describe the experiences were positive labor and subsequent delivery model was designed to create and promote positive experiences. Materials and Methods: This study used as a phenomenological approach. Participants than among women who had their first pregnancy and delivery and data collection were selected based on an open and non-structured interviews and the number of participants was 22, according to data saturation and seven-step Colaizzi method was used for analysis. Results: The main finding of the present study was to extract a sense of confidence and other concepts included: belief in God, protecting midwives, knowledge and readiness for delivery, sense of control, normal progress of labor, maternal and neonatal health, and the design model of the seven concepts were used. Conclusion: Considering the basic factors that create a positive birth experience, faith in God, midwife support awareness and preparedness are enjoying coordinating activities of project team to create and promote positive experiences midwife managed delivery model obtained with the synergistic effects create and promote positive experiences in labor and women's empowerment is effective.

[Zahra Ahmadi. Positive experiences of childbirth: a phenomenological study. Researcher 2013;5(12):30-41]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.04

Keywords: Positive experiences of childbirth, women, phenomenology

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A Comparative Study of Sylvia Plath and Forough Farrokhzad Considering a Post-Lacanian Feminist theory

Leila Naderi¹, Aysheh Nosrati²

Master in English Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Marivan Branch, Kurdistan, Iran

² Master in Persian Language and Literature

Abstract: Although Farrokhzad (Iranian poet) and Sylvia Plath seem to have little in common, a French feminist study of their poems reveals that they share similar experiences in their dealings with personal and social critical issues reflected in their literary works. The present article is an effort to illustrate that the poetry of both these eminent poets carries with itself the unique female voice that Kristeva, Cixous and Irigaray described in their critical theories. Accordingly, it focuses on Plath’s and Farrokhzad’s selected poems through the ‘écriture feminine’ to mention Cixous’s term as the language of femininity in a patriarchal literary world.

[Leila Naderi, Aysheh Nosrati. A Comparative Study of Sylvia Plath and Forough Farrokhzad Considering a Post-Lacanian Feminist theory. Researcher 2013;5(12):42-46]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.05

Key words: French feminism; ‘écriture feminine’; Women; Language; Plath; Farrokhzad

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Data Mining: Methods & Utilities

Ehsan Azizi Khadem¹, Emad Fereshteh Nezhad², Dr. Mohsen Sharifi³

^1. Msc of Computer Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering, Lorestan University, Iran

^2. Msc of Computer Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Iran

^3. Department of Computer Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Iran

emad_fereshtehnejad@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present article provides a survey of the available literature on data mining, its methods and utilities. A categorization has been provided based on the different soft computing tools and their hybridizations used, the data mining function implemented, and the preference criterion selected by the model. The utility of the different soft computing methodologies is highlighted. Generally fuzzy sets are suitable for handling the issues related to understandability of patterns; incomplete/noisy data, mixed media information and human interaction, and can provide approximate solutions faster. Neural networks are nonparametric, robust, and exhibit good learning and generalization capabilities in data-rich environments. Genetic algorithms provide efficient search algorithms to select a model, from mixed media data, based on some preference criterion/objective function. Rough sets are suitable for handling different types of uncertainty in data. Some challenges to data mining and the application of soft computing methodologies are indicated. Finally, we use data mining in image processing and present a solution to detect ulcer on photos of patient’s skin.

[Ehsan Azizi Khadem, Emad Fereshteh Nezhad, Mohsen Sharifi. Data Mining: Methods & Utilities. Researcher 2013;5(12):47-59]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.06

Keywords: data mining, genetic algorithm, fuzzy set, neural network, image processing, ulcer, skin

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QoS-based and Scalable Scheduling of OpenSees Tasks in a Virtual Cloud Computing Environment

Dr. Hadi Salimi¹, Seyed Emad Fereshteh Nezhad², Dr. Mohsen Sharifi³

^1. Department of Computer Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Iran

^2. Msc of Computer Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Iran

^3. Department of Computer Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Iran

emad_fereshtehnejad@yahoo.com

Abstract: In recent years, the amount and complexity of computations required for solving our everyday problems have increased considerably. These problems require higher computing power hence higher number of computing components. Different methods are used for solving such problems such as parallel machines, computer clusters, grid systems and cloud systems. An important issue in all these approaches is scheduling the tasks taking into account Quality of Service (QoS) considerations. This article offers QoS-based algorithm in a cloud computing context. QoS parameters considered in this study include cost and reduction of the average response time. The basic procedure for this algorithm is that every user requests for QoS parameters is valuated using index method. In addition, having received user request, computations are performed and every request is given a priority with the aim of minimizing the cost and according to resource utilization. The result of this valuation of user requests is first used for scheduling activities in real environment. These indexes are then used in the system’s execution queue to determine the priority of user request. The proposed algorithm is implemented in a real environment using the OpenSees software. Results from the computations indicate that using the proposed algorithm improves the average execution time by 15% compared to the EDF (Earliest Deadline First) method while increasing the number of OpenSees execution requests. It also reduces resource utilization cost proportionately by 5%. This study reveals that using the proposed method increases the number of requests and at the same time fewer requests are missed.

[Hadi Salimi, Seyed Emad Fereshteh Nezhad, Mohsen Sharifi. QoS-based and Scalable Scheduling of OpenSees Tasks in a Virtual Cloud Computing Environment. Researcher 2013;5(12):60-68]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.07

Keywords: Scheduling, Tasks Graph, OpenSees, Cloud Computing

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A Pattern Recognition Based Approach for Prediction of Protein Drug Interactions Using Neural Networks

Attia Anis¹, Muhammad Abuzar Fahiem¹, Muhammad Hassan Rasheed²

^1.Department of Computer Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

^2. Department of Computer Science, FAST National University of Computer and Emerging Science, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan.

attiasultana22@gmail.com

Abstract: The prediction of protein-drug interaction is a key area in drug discovery and it is considered to be a complex task. Drug discovery is a crucial task therefore there is a deep motivation towards developing new methods for identifying protein-drug interaction efficiently. The study aimed is to predict that how strong binding orientation exists between protein-drug interactions, and these interaction results further used for drug discovery. The research was carried out from various datasets of protein-drug interaction gathered from different databases and all these datasets are considered as an unstructured data. This research is focuses on drug-target interaction networks in human beings involving protein families such as, Enzymes, Ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) Nuclear Receptors, Alpha and Beta. The comprehensive pattern recognition technique is used for predicting new protein-drug interactions. Implementation is done using neural network pattern recognition tool. Neural Network is considered to be a most efficient method for the datasets related to bioinformatics and neuron sciences. The satisfactory result of our research is 93%. The success of our approach is evident from the result. The study recommended that the proposed technique should be implemented in health department for efficient drug discovery results.

[Attia Anis, Muhammad Abuzar Fahiem, Muhammad Hassan Rasheed. A Pattern Recognition Based Approach for Prediction of Protein Drug Interactions Using Neural Networks. Researcher 2013;5(12):69-74]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.08

Keywords: Drug Discovery; Protein-drug interaction; Pattern Recognition; Neural Network

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Factors Related on Basic Statistical Skills among Students of Business Statistics Courses

Ghasem Rekabdar

Department of Mathematics, Abadan branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran

ghasem_rekabdar@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this research, the relationships among approaches of deep, strategic, and surface studying approaches along with the effect of gender on statistics basic skills are investigated. The participants in this investigation include of 200 students (86 males and 114 females) from accounting and business economics disciplines who have registered for business statistics subject in the first semester of academic year 2012-2013. The abbreviated inventory scale of studying approach was used to assess studying approaches and the statistics basic skills is a fifteen-item test that is prepared by the researcher. The Spearman test of non-parametric correlation coefficient showed that among studying approaches, there is a inverse relationship between surface studying approach and statistics basic skills. The Mann-Whitney non-parametric test also shows a significant difference between male and female students; the male students showed higher basic skills comparing to female students. The research results can be used in the statistics instruction and educational consultations.

[Rekabdar G. Factors Related on Basic Statistical Skills among Students of Business Statistics Courses. Researcher 2013;5(12):75-78]. (ISSN: 1553-9865) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.09

Keywords: Statistics Education, Studying Approaches, Statistics Basic Skills.

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Prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antibodies among Secondary School Students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Frank-Peterside N, Okerentugba PO, Akpan HR, Okonko IO

Medical Microbiology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, East-West Road, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

E-mail address: iheanyi.okonko@uniport.edu.ng, Tel: +2348035380891

ABSTRACT: This study determines the prevalence of HIV -1 and HIV- 2 antibodies among secondary school students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A total of 100 students aged 13-18 years in government and private secondary schools respectively in Port Harcourt, Nigeria were used for this study. Determine® HIV-1/2 test cards and HIV -1/2 Stat- Pak® Assay kits were used for the detection of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies in the collected blood samples. The overall prevalence for HIV in this study was 2.0%. Age-group 16-18 years had the highest prevalence of HIV (3.9%) compared to age group 13-15 years (0.0%). HIV antibodies were more prevalent among females (3.3%) than their male counterparts (0.0%). HIV antibodies were more prevalent among students from government secondary schools (4.1%) than their counterparts from private secondary schools (0.0%). Three risk factors (age, gender and location) pertinent to transmission of HIV were studied, each appeared to be significantly associated (P<0.05) with HIV-1/2 antibodies prevalence among the study population. This study however, further confirmed the presence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies among secondary school students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. This calls for the need for an extensive HIV awareness programmes in secondary schools. General surveillance and public health education to stop the spread of the infection from this group is also advocated.

[Frank-Peterside N, Okerentugba PO, Akpan HR, Okonko IO. Prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antibodies among Secondary School Students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Researcher 2013;5(12):79-83]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.10

Keywords: Antibody, Secondary school, Students, HIV, seropositivity, risk factors

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The effectiveness of training classroom management techniques based on Adler-Dreikurs approach for improving Self-efficacy and mental well-being in teachers

Sakine Eslami

(M.A) Educational Psychology, University of Mazandaran Cultural (Sisters)

Eslami_s @ yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of class-based approach to management development training techniques Adler - Dreikurs on teachers' self-efficacy and psychological well-being. Quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test was administered to the control group. The study populations were total primary school teachers of Mazandaran Province that are teaching in the classroom, which were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Cluster random sampling method is used. So, the first researcher to apply for primary school teachers from three schools to complete the pretest survey among them, 20 patients were then randomly selected and randomly divided into two groups of 10 (control and test) were replaced. It's noteworthy that based on Schonaker opinion, curriculum developers, the sample must be at least 4 persons and maximum 10 persons. Educational content of the current research on the topic of classroom management techniques based on mutual respect and democratic relations and the writings and translations of books related to the psychological approach, improve the training and communications school. The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler's views influenced by Rudolf Dreikurs very important role in the development of theory-based methods and it have been prepared. In this study, two questionnaires were used as research tools. Efficacy and psychological well-being of the participants in this study, the general self-efficacy scale by scale psychological well-being was measured by Reef. Survey data using descriptive and inferential statistics, mean, median, variance, standard deviation and error standard deviation ANCOVA analysis was performed. The findings indicate that teachers' classroom management, group-based approach to education reform Adler - Dreikurs, self-efficacy and psychological well-being was significantly increased. Underlying philosophy of education based on democratic relationships and mutual respect, and applying the principles and ideas in education, relationships, work or any place where people are communicating with each other, and contribute positively to public health. Due to this reason it is suggested that the ease of Education to teach students in addition to the in-service training of teachers, counselors and parents to provide education.

[Sakine Eslami. The effectiveness of training classroom management techniques based on Adler-Dreikurs approach for improving Self-efficacy and mental well-being in teachers. Researcher 2013;5(12):84-90]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.11

Keywords: improvement techniques of classroom management based on Adler's - Dreikurs approach, self-efficacy, psychological well-being, and teacher

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Investigation the relationship between objectified cultural capital of parents with academic achievement of high school students

Sakine Eslami, Masome Sahrapeyma, Narges Abotalebi

(M.A) Educational Psychology, University of Mazandaran Cultural (Sisters)

Eslami_s @ yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate and assess parental concepts of cultural capital and its relationship with academic achievement of children and with different cultural capital. Correlation of parental cultural capital with student achievement will be studied. This study is a theoretical framework derived from Bourdieu's theories. According to Pierre Bourdieu's perspective, three dimensions of institutionalized cultural capital, objectified and embodied. Research method is a type of survey research and data collection in this study is a questionnaire. Validity with experts and performing test on 30 subjects, 83% achieved. Ahead of population base, the first three students studying in high school and the city of Morgan Branch, 363 persons have been designated and a stratified random sampling method was relative. For data analysis, Fisher's test, correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA was used. The results indicate that among 6 independent variables, the 5 variables are correlated or correlated with average grades of students. Institutionalized cultural capital, mothers' occupation, mother's education, father's education, are changing the relationship between student achievement and institutionalized cultural capital variables significantly associated with the average children's father's father.

[Sakine Eslami, Masome Sahrapeyma, Narges Abotalebi. Investigation the relationship between objectified cultural capital of parents with academic achievement of high school students. Researcher 2013;5(12):91-96]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 12

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.12

Keywords: Cultural capital, educational attainment, students

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Modernization of Higher Secondary School Students with Respect To Science and Social Science Background

Dr. M.Y Ganaie ^{1, *}, Hafiz Mudasir ²

¹Associate Professor, Deptt. of Education, University of Kashmir.

²Ph.D Research Scholar, Deptt. of Education, Dr. C.V Raman University, Chhattisgarh.

hafizmudasir@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The present study aims to measure the modernization among two groups of Adolescents one belonging to science stream and belongs to Social Science stream. The study revealed that Science higher secondary school students do not differ significantly from their social science counterparts on the scores obtained as far as their education is concerned. However, the study revealed that Science higher secondary school students differ significantly from their social science counterparts on modernization level, as the science students were found to be higher on the level of modernization and other components viz, Socio-religious, Marriage and Status of women.

[M.Y Ganaie, Hafiz Mudasir. Modernization of Higher Secondary School Students with Respect To Science and Social Science Background. Researcher 2013;5(12):97-101]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 13

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.13

Key words: Modernization, Organic Solidarity, Culture, Realism, Higher Secondary Students

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Ethanol Production from Mahua (Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel) Flowers by Soil Bacteria

Tripti Agrawal¹, Afaque Quraishi², Kishan Lal Tiwari³ and Shailesh Kumar Jadhav^4*

^{1, 2, 4*}. School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India

^3. Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur 495001, Chhattisgarh, India

tripti.0221@gmail.com, dr_afaque@yahoo.co.in, kishan_tiwari37@hotmail.com, shailesh_07@sify.com

Abstract: In an effort to combat climate change, aid energy independence and counteract diminishing supplies of fossil fuels, there is a need to research on renewable fuel energy sources. Bioethanol is a sustainable and renewable biofuel that is a promising substitute to gasoline and represents an environment-friendly fuel because it reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. The rise in prices and environmental problems caused by fossil fuels has contributed to this recent interest in biofuel research from economical and ecological perspectives. The biofuel that is expected to be most widely used around the world is bioethanol. Bioethanol is ethanol derived from biological feedstocks utilizing microbial fermentation processes. Bioethanol has a low toxic­ity and is readily biodegradable than petroleum fuel. Production of ethanol by fermentation from cheap carbohydrate materials for use as an alternative liquid fuel is the current focus of research worldwide. Mahua (Madhuca indica) belonging to the family Sapotaceae, is a multipurpose forest tree which is widely distributed in the South Asian countries. Mahua flowers are rich source of reducing sugar and nutrient content. The lack of industrially suitable microorganisms for converting biomass into ethanol has been cited as a major technical barrier to a developing bioethanol industry. In this context, production of ethanol from mahua flowers by bacterial fermentation was investigated. Bacteria were isolated from compost and kitchen waste dumped soil. A total of 16 bacteria were isolated on Nutrient agar medium, identified primarily on morphological characteristics, screened for their fermentation ability by carbohydrate fermentation test and positively screened bacterial isolates were subjected to ethanol production using mahua flower as fermentation medium under incubation period of 120 hours in shaker incubator at 80 rpm and 30 ºC. Ethanol concentration of the fermentation liquid after distillation was determined by specific gravity method. The highest ethanol yield of 8.94 % was obtained from fermentation by bacterial isolate S₄B_3.

[Tripti Agrawal, Afaque Quraishi, Kishan Lal Tiwari and Shailesh Kumar Jadhav. Ethanol Production from Mahua (Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel) Flowers by Soil Bacteria. Researcher 2013;5(12):102-106]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 14

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.14

Keywords: bioethanol; fermentation; mahua; specific gravity

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The Relation of Orientation and Dimensional Specifications of Window with Building Energy Consumption in Four Different Climates of Köppen Classification

Farshad Kheiri

M. Arch., Department of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

farshad.kheiri@alumni.ut.ac.ir

Abstract: Building energy consumption can be altered by its exterior fenestrations to a great extent. Window, as the most prevalent opening in building skin, needs precise attention in design to avoid excessive undesirable energy loss or gain. Window affects Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) loads of a building. Based on the amount of using natural light, it also plays an important role in determining the lighting energy needed for a building. Different features of window can affect internal energy requirements like Window to Wall Ratio (WWR), orientation, proportion (length to height), and placement of the window in an exterior side of a building. These characteristics of window should be considered with the climatic and geographical features of the building site. In this research, it has been tried to have an investigation on the relation of aforementioned parameters of window and the HVAC and lighting energy loads required for the case study buildings in diverse climatic zones and the aim of this study was to conclude some guidelines about efficient window parameters in different climatic zones, specially, for preliminary phase of design. It has been concluded that a 20-32% WWR for total exterior walls (25-40% window size) is an efficient ratio as an optimum for reducing HVAC and lighting systems loads. The lower effects of solar energy because of the sun angle and huge heating load required in higher altitudes put this ratio lower. On the other hand, in the lower altitudes (specially, second quarter section or 22.5° to 45° N or S), the energy loads of the building can be altered significantly by solar energy.

[Kheiri, F. The Relation of Orientation and Dimensional Specifications of Window with Building Energy Consumption in Four Different Climates of Köppen Classification, Researcher 2013;5(12):107-115]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 15

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.15

Key words: energy efficiency, daylight, thermal load, window, building skin, climate

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The relationship between personality characteristics with job skills and quality of work life of high school principals in Zahedan

Dr. Hossein Jenaabadi¹, Abdulghader Narouee², Reza Rezaei², Abolfazel Khosropour², Samira Kyanmanesh³

^1. Associate Professor, University of Sistan and Baluchestan

^2. Master of Educational Management

^3. Master of Clinical Psychology

hjenaabadi@ped.usb.ac.ir

Abstract: Background: This study examines the relationship between personality characteristics and the quality of work life and job skills of high school principals in Zahedan. Methods: method of this study was descriptive -correlative and population includes secondary school principals in Zahedan academic year 1390 – 1391with the number of 92 persons. To analysis data, Pearson's correlation coefficient is used. Results: The results of Pearson correlation test showed that the there was a direct and significant relationship between extraversion - introversion, enthusiasm for new experience, and conscientiousness components with quality of work life but between dimensions of Managers' personalities and job skills; there is no significant relationship. There is significant relationship between neurosis component with perception skills and passion to new experience with technical skills. However, there is not significant relationship between the components of a passion for new experiences with perceptual skills, a passion for new experience with human skills, adaptation component with perceptual skills, adaptation components with human skills, adaptation component with technical skills, the component of conscientiousness with perception skills, conscientiousness with human skills, conscientiousness with technical skills. In addition, there is no significant relationship between perception skills with quality of work life, human skill factors with quality of life work. In addition, components of technical skill with quality of working life in the community, there is no significant relationship. Conclusions: Because of the positive, constructive and effective five dimensions (neurosis, Extraversion - Introversion, passion for new experiences, adaptation and conscientiousness), managers should try to make it. This important point conduct through identify disciplined, diligent and punctual individuals in keeping conscientiousness dimension, increasing the managers capacity to accept ideas, concepts, ideas and opinions of others in order to enhance the experience of Openness toward the acceptance of experience, enhance moral characteristic, in order to enhance adaptation dimension, identify managers with hospitability mood to enhance extraversion dimension.

[Hossein Jenaabadi, Abdulghader Narouee, Reza Rezaei, Abolfazel Khosropour, Samira Kyanmanesh. The relationship between personality characteristics with job skills and quality of work life of high school principals in Zahedan. Researcher 2013;5(12):116-123]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 16

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.16

Keywords: personality characteristics, job skills, quality of work life

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Relationship between learning strategies (meta-cognition) and the male creativity in gifted high school students in Babol city

Masome Sahrapeyma, Sakine Eslami, Narges Abotalebi, Khadije Mosavi 

(M.A) Educational Psychology, University of Mazandaran Cultural (Sisters)

Eslami_s @ yahoo.com

Abstract: This study carried out to assess the relationship between learning strategies (meta-cognition) and the creativity of the students. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive self-awareness, self-monitoring, planning and cognition (as predictor variables) as creatively as the criterion variable was analyzed using correlation. The population for this study n = 416 gifted high school students in Babol city in the academic year 2011-2012. Through stratified random sampling, the proportion of students in four grades, 72 students in first grade, 58 students in second grade, 42 students in third grade and 34 students in fourth grade was selected as the sample. This 20-item questionnaire of students meta-cognitive two Torrance creativity O' Neil and Abed and 60 questions answered. Results were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and hypothesis 5 was confirmed to be higher than 95 percent. The results showed that cognitive strategy, creativity, knowledge and creativity, and creativity is self-monitoring, planning and creativity, there is a significant relationship between cognition and creativity. Students agree and agree completely with the emphasis on the options indicated a desire to refine and review their activities, tried and tested ideas and goals of the association with their prior knowledge and understanding and its practical application were looking to learn a lesson, learning strategies and the ongoing process of self-reflection and their progress was tracked and organized. Faced with the difficult problem of these people tried to find a proper way to solve it and enjoy it, the piece it tried to have lost build liked activities They understand group Co. others about what she called the innovative ideas were welcomed and joined his most recent work.

[Masome Sahrapeyma, Sakine Eslami, Narges Abotalebi, Khadije Mosavi. Relationship between learning strategies (meta-cognition) and the male creativity in gifted high school students in Babol city. Researcher 2013;5(12):124-128]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 17

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.17

Keywords: strategy awareness, self-monitoring, planning, cognition, creativity

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Challenges to Crop Pests and Livestock Diseases Management in Irrigated African Agroecosystems under a Changing Climate

Fahim M. A.*¹; Hassanein M. K.¹; Abolmaty S. M. ¹ and Fargalla F. H.²

¹ Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, P.O. Box 296 Dokki, 12411 Giza, Egypt

² Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, 12411 Giza, Egypt

ali.mohamed73@gmail.com

Abstract: Climate change creates new ecological niches, potentially allowing for the establishment and spread of plant pests and diseases to new geographical areas and from one region to another. Accordingly, it might also result in the emergence of new plant diseases and pests. Furthermore, changes in species composition might augment the occurrence of unexpected events, including the emergence of new diseases and pests. These additional opportunities for entry, establishment and spread might generally result in higher uncertainty. In Africa, the best economic strategy for farmers is to use integrated pest management practices to closely monitor insect and disease occurrence. Keeping pest and crop management records over time will allow farmers to evaluate the economics and environmental impact of pest control and determine the feasibility of using certain pest management strategies or growing particular crops. In view of the large number of plant/livestock diseases and pests, it is clear that, in most cases, detailed risk assessment is unlikely to occur, especially since invasive species ecology is still in its infancy. Nevertheless, in principle, it is possible to estimate the area that is climatically receptive to pest species, with the usual caveats on genetic homogeneity, biotic interactions at both the source and destinations, and human-modified microhabitats, such as irrigated crops. This paper summarized the potential impact of climate change on crop pests and livestock disease for best management plans in Irrigated African Agroecosystems.

 [Fahim M. A.; Hassanein M. K.; Abolmaty S. M. and Fargalla F. H. Challenges to Crop Pests and Livestock Diseases Management in Irrigated African Agroecosystems under a Changing Climate. J Researcher 2013;5(12):129-138]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 18

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.18

Key Words: New ecological niches, plant pests, integrated pest management, adaptation strategy

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The possible impact of climate change and adaptation options on African livestock: A review

Taqi, M.O.;M. K. Hassanein; A.A. Khalil

Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR), Egypt

Alaa_armka@yahoo.com

Abstract: Livestock systems in developing countries are characterized by a rapid change, driven by factors such as population growth, increases in the demand for livestock products as incomes rise, and urbanization. Climate change has direct and indirect impacts on livestock production. Most direct effects of climate change on animal health, wellbeing and production (e.g. growth, reproduction, milk production) are the result of increased ambient temperature and concurrent changes in heat exchanges between the animal and its environment. Therefore, successful adaptations may be viewed as those actions that decrease vulnerability and increase resilience overall, in response to a range of immediate needs, risks and aspirations.

[Taqi, M.O.;M. K. Hassanein; A.A. Khalil. The possible impact of climate change and adaptation options on African livestock: A review. Researcher 2013;5(12):139-145]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 19

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.19

Key Words: Livestock, Climate change, adaptation options, Feed quality, Fodder banking.

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Career Orientation And Level Of Aspiration Among The Students Of Government And Private Schools

Nighat Basu, Shaista Bilquees, Gulnaz Jabeen and Syed Sajad Hussain

1. Dean & Head, Department of Education, University of Kashmir, J&K, India

2. Research Scholar, Department of Education, University of Kashmir, J&K, India

3. Research Scholar, Department of Education, University of Kashmir, J&K, India

4. Master, School Education Department, J&K, India

E-Mail: showkat80ahmad@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was examined the career orientation and level of Aspiration among the students of Government and Private schools as such, descriptive method research was employed to carry out this piece of research. The total sample for the present investigation consists of 300 students (150 students from each of the districts Baramulla and Srinagar). A sample of 150 students was collected randomly from the district Baramulla from two types of institutions viz. Government and Private Schools and the same was done for district Srinagar. It revealed that the students of Government Schools exhibit the greatest tendency in the area of Scientific, followed by Medical, and then by Sports. The other remaining areas of the vocational areas can be written in the decreasing order of their tendencies as; Literary, Outdoor, Technical, Fine Arts, Household, Agriculture and Craft.

[Nighat Basu, Shaista Bilquees, Gulnaz Jabeen and Syed Sajad Hussain. Career Orientation And Level Of Aspiration Among The Students Of Government And Private Schools. Researcher 2013;5(12):146-154]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 20

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.20

Key words: Career Orientation, Aspiration, Government, Private, Students

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The Review Of The Use Of Microorganisms In Biodegradation Of Crude Oil Spill: Challenges And Prospects

Ikhimiukor, Odion O. ¹ and Nneji, Lotanna, M. ²

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan

²Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, FCT, Abuja

Odido1@yahoo.com, lotannanneji@gmail.com

Abstract: Biodegradation is the process that uses microorganisms, fungi, green plants or their enzymes to return the natural environment altered by contaminants to its original condition. It is a biologically catalyzed reduction in complexity of chemical compounds that involve two basic processes: growth and co-metabolism. Specific indigenous microbial communities are likely to contain microbial populations of differing taxonomic relationships which are capable of degrading crude oil spill. The most important genera of hydrocarbon utilizers in aquatic environment include Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Micrococcus, Nocardia, Vibrio, Acinetobacter, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, Candida, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, cyanobacteria and some algal species such as Oscillatoria spp., Microcoleus sp., Anabaena spp., Agmenellum sp., Coccochloris sp., Nostoc sp., Aphanocapsa sp., Chlorella spp., Dunaliella sp., Chlamydomonas sp., Ulva sp., Cylindretheca sp., Amphora sp., Porphyridium sp., and Petalonia. Microorganisms are capable of degrading hydrocarbons under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Challenges militating against the use of microorganisms in the biodegradation of crude oil spill include local environmental conditions of the polluted site, rate of uptake and mineralization of the organic compounds, concentration of the crude oil, limited bioavailability of the organic compounds etc. The use of molecular techniques in producing ‘super bugs’ or genetically modified organisms under strict non-proliferation rules provides a huge advantage in improving the use of microorganisms in oil biodegradation.

[Ikhimiukor, O.O., Nneji, L.M. The Review of the Use of Microorganisms in the Biodegradation of Crude Oil Spill. Researcher, 2013,5(12):155-163].(ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 21

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.21

Keywords: Bioremediation, oil, microorganisms, fungi, hydrocarbon utilizers, molecular techniques

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Social and Personal Adjustment of Adolescents- A study of Higher Secondary Students of District Srinagar

*Hafiz Mudasir, ¹ *Dr. M.Y Ganaie ²

1. Ph.D Research Scholar, Deptt. of Education, Dr. C.V Raman University, Chhattisgarh.

2. Associate Professor, Deptt. of Education, University of Kashmir.

hafizmudasir@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The present study aims to measure the Social and Personal Adjustment of Adolescents of higher secondary students. The investigators used California Test of Personality (CTP) of L.P. Thorpe, W. Clarke & W. Teigs for collecting data for the research. The sample for the present study consisted of 60 Adolescent Students (30 male and 30 female). The study revealed that on overall components of Social and Personal adjustments, the female adolescents were found to be personally and socially well adjusted than the male adolescents.

[Hafiz Mudasir, M.Y Ganaie. Social and Personal Adjustment of Adolescents- A study of Higher Secondary Students of District Srinagar. Researcher 2013;5(12):164-171]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 22

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.22

Key words: Adjustment, Social Adjustment, Personal Adjustment, Adolescents, Secondary Students

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Some studies on Anisakiasis larvea in some marine fish species

Mahamed A. Hassan¹, Abd El-Mohsen H. Mohamed² and Hussien A.M. Osman³

1. Fisheries Research Center, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bani-Suif University, Egypt

2. Department of Fish Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

3. Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt

dr.hussien_osman@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the distribution of Anisakis species among some marine fish at Al-Qatef, Eastern province, Saudi Arabia to detect the clinical signs, prevalence, seasonal variation and histopathological alterations in naturally infested fish species. The distribution of parasitic nematode, Anisakis sp. larvae was investigated in 40 host species, only 5 species, Cephalopholis hemistiktos,Epinephelus chlorostigma, Epinephelus tauvina, Lutjanus ehrenbergi and Lutjanus malabaricus were found susceptible to infestation with Anisakis sp. The distribution of Anisakis sp. in tissues of infested fish species revealed its significant existence in the abdominal muscle, abdominal cavity and liver. The infested fishes showed no any clinical external abnormalities. The total percent of Anisakis sp. larvae infestation among the investigated fish species reached 5.33%. The infestation rates showed seasonal variations, the highest prevalence of infestation among the infested fish occurred during summer (20.45%), followed by spring (19.44%), autumn (10%), winter (5.66%). The histo-pathological alterations showed the presence of migrating larvae in-between the abdominal muscle fibers and liver tissues of Cephalopholis hemistiktos, surrounded with fibrous connective tissues accompanied with of variable inflammatory reactions of the infested tissues.

[Mahamed A. Hassan, Abd El-Mohsen H. Mohamed and Hussien A.M. Osman. Some studies on Anisakiasis larvea in some marine fish species. Researcher 2013;5(12):172-180]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 23

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.23

Key Words: Marine fishes. Anisakis; C. hemistiktos; E. chlorostigma; E. tauvina; L. ehrenbergi; L. malabaricus; Seasonal variations;. Histo-pathological alterations

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Incidence of Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imaz of Para rubber in Nigeria

Ogbebor, N. O.¹*; Adekunle, A.T.²; Eghafona, O.N.² and Ogboghodo, A.I.²

¹Plant Protection Division, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 1049, Iyanomo, Benin City, Nigeria.

² University of Benin, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Crop science, UNIBEN

Ogbeb06@gmail.com

Abstract: Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imazcommonly called white root rot is the pathogen most feared by planters throughout the rubber-growing regions of the world. In West Africa, the white root rot is responsible for yield losses of up to 50% in old rubber plantations. The incidence and severity of the root rot as it affects rubber were determined from three different locations in Nigeria based on the management of diseases in the rubber estates.Plantation 2, Araromi, in Ogun State recorded the highest number of uninfected trees while the lowest numbers of uninfected trees were recorded at Plantation 3, Benin City, Edo State. The Percentage infectivity, Disease index and level of infectivity in the three plantations were significantly different from each other (p>0.05). The highest gross economic loss (GEL) was recorded in Plantation 3, Benin City, Edo State (N5,589,967:00k) while Plantation 2, Araromi, in Ogun State had the lowest GEL (N 43,067).

[Ogbebor, N. O., Adekunle, A.T.,Eghafona, O.N., Ogboghodo, A.I. Incidence of Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imaz of Para rubber in Nigeria. Researcher 2013;5(12):181-184]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 24

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.24

Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, Incidence, Rigidoporus lignosus

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Effects of Fat and Cinnamon Feeding on Adiponectin After Rat Injection with Dexamethasone

Mahmoud H. El-Bidawy ^{1, *}, Nabil M. Elbahey ², Mohamed Mahmoud Shaaban ³

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Kharj, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia

Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

²Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Kharj, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

³Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Histology, College of Medicine, Al-Kharj, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

Email: melbidawy2005@hotmail.com

Abstract: Chronically excessive numbers of glucocorticoids are known to induce insulin resistance, which is possibly involved in impairing the insulin signaling in liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. Excessive levels of cortisol are characterized by the symptoms of abdominal obesity, hypertension, glucose intolerance or diabetes and dyslipidemia,all of these features are shared by the condition of insulin resistance.Consumption of high levels of dietary fat is thought to be a major factor in the promotion of obesity and insulin resistance [7]. Fatty acid composition in the diet is another mechanism implicated in the development of insulin resistance [6]. Several environmental factors, including high-fat diet, are reported to activate the functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis [HPA].Frequently evoked HPA-axis secretes excessive amount of cortisol [21] and elevated cortisol level is implicated in the development of entire spectrum of the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, visceral obesity and dyslipidemia as well as the kinds of [21]. Cinnamon contains biologically active substances that have demonstrated insulin-mimetic properties. In vitro [3] and in vivo [1,20] studies have shown that cinnamon enhances glucose uptake by activating insulin receptor kinase activity, autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, and glycogen synthase activity. Other recent studies have demonstrated the ability of cinnamon to reduce lipid levels in fructose-fed rats, potentially via inhibiting hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase activity [2]. Adiponectin is the most abundant plasma protein synthesized for the most part in adipose tissue, and it is an insulin-sensitive hormone,playing a central role in glucose and lipid metabolism [7] Furthermore, adiponectin levels are inversely associated with visceral adiposity [15].Moreover, adiponectin has been reported to exhibit anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory effects [17,16].

[Mahmoud H. El-Bidawy, Nabil M. Elbahey, Mohamed Mahmoud Shaaban. Effects of Fat and Cinnamon Feeding on Adiponectin After Rat Injection with Dexamethasone. Researcher 2013;5(12):185-189]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 25

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.25

Key words: fat feeding; cinnamon feeding ; Adiponectin; dexamethasone

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The Mouth and Gastro-Intestinal Tract of Pomadasys Jubelini (Cuvier, 1830) In the New Calabar-Bonny River, Rivers State, Nigeria

Agbugui, M. O.

Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria,

marianuseni@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: The terminal mouth possessed by P. jubelini which opens up to 20% of its total body length allows the fish to seize its prey easily. The presence of the multiserial bands of setiform teeth enables the fish to grip its prey firmly in the mouth for suffocation before swallowing. More so, the pharyngeal teeth on the upper and lower surfaces of the mouth are modified in to smooth pebble-like stones that are adapted for crushing soft bones, hard shells and crustaceans before swallowing. The intestine of P. jubelini is short (about 50%) of its body length and not coiled. The pyloric caeca were observed in all the species sampled and were between 6 and 7 outgrowths.

[Agbugui, M. O. The mouth and gastro-intestinal tract of Pomadasys jubelini (cuvier, 1830) in the new Calabar-Bonny River, Rivers State, Nigeria. Researcher 2013;5(12):190-195]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 26

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.26

Key words: Terminal mouth, gastro-intestinal tract, Pomadasys jubelini

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Relationship Of Peasants And Servants With Samanids System Of Government

Ezzatollah Khodadadi

Department of History, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

salehizaynab@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Samanids (279-389 A.H) are Iranian Kings. They took rule in north-eastern parts of Iran. Prestige and social status of servants and peasants, and the confirmation and support of caliphs led to their legitimacy in the political power and influence. Peasants were one of the effective factors in forming Samanid government. Military and social background in north-eastern Iran in the second half of the third century A.H (Islamic calendar) along with the troubled and turbulent situation in these areas after the fall of Tahirids, as well as harassment and threats by Saffarids put peace, security and interests of peasants in danger and thus, peasants tried to get rid of the danger and maintain their position by supporting Samanids in taking power. This was the introduction of their influence in the government and power to the extent that servants like Albtakin, Baktozen, Tash, Ghratakin and Faiq took positions as doorkeepers, generalissimos, or division commanders and had an important and effective role in the structure of army.

[Ezzatollah Khodadadi. Relationship Of Peasants And Servants With Samanid System Of Government. Researcher 2013;5(12):196-199]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 27

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.27

KEYWORDS: Peasants, Army Servants, Samanids, Government, Relationship

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Phenological Features and Life Forms in Alpine Meadows of Kedarnath, Garhwal Himalaya: India

Kusum Pharswan¹* and J. P. Mehta¹

1. Department of Botany, Post Box-22, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), 246174, India

*kkusumpharswan@gmail.com

Abstract: In present paper phenological behavior and life forms was observed in an alpine pasture of western Himalaya (Kedarnath), India. Total 156 species including two different growth forms herbs and shrubs (76 species in KA and 80 species in KB site) were identified. In the majority of the growth forms, growth initiation was recorded in May whereas senescence in October. Maximum flowering occurred in July-August in alpine regions. Phenological character viz., germination, vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting and senescence depend on the climate of the regions. Most of the species initiate their germination after snow melt in month of April- May. The dominant life forms found in Kedarnath was Chamaephytes, Therophytes and Cryptophytes in both sides.

[Kusum Pharswan and J. P. Mehta. Phenological Features and Life Forms in Alpine Meadows of Kedarnath, Garhwal Himalaya: India. Researcher 2013;5(12):200-208]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 28

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.28

Key words: Alpine meadows, Himalaya, phenology, life forms

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Designing and Explaining the Supportive Organization Model in the Country's Red Crescent Society, with an Emphasis on Behavioural Factors

Hasan Alvedari ¹, Tahereh Feizi ², Amir Hossein Amirkhani ³, Zeinab Ali Najafi ⁴

^1-Assistant Professor Faculty of Public Management, Payame Noor University, Iran.

^2- Associate Professor Faculty of Public Management, Payame Noor University, Iran.

^3-Assistant Professor Faculty of Public Management, Payame Noor University, Iran.

^4-Corresponding ; p.h.d student of Public management (organizational behavior course), Payame Noor University Of Tehran, Iran, Tel: 09112756583. E -mail: zeinab_alinajafi@yahoo.com

Abstract: This research investigated the factors related to supportive organization in Red Crescent Society. The results showed that perceived organizational support has relationship with supportive organization. If an organization is supportive, the employees perceive the support. According to the results of research, organizational justice has also relationship with supportive organization, meaning that provided that the employees feel that there is justice and equity in the organization and its procedures, they would perceive organizational support.

[Hasan Alvedari, Tahereh Feizi, Amir Hossein Amirkhani, Zeinab Ali Najafi. Designing and Explaining the Supportive Organization Model in the Country's Red Crescent Society, with an Emphasis on Behavioural Factors. Researcher 2013;5(12):209-218]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 29

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.29

Keywords: Supportive Organization Model; Red Crescent Society; Behavioural Factors; organizational support; employee

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 Comparative Study of Bioethanol Production from Different Carbohydrate Sources

Shubhra Tiwari¹, S.K. Jadhav²* and K.L.Tiwari³

^{1, 2, 3} School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.)

Phone-07712263022 Fax-07712262583

shailesh_07@sify.com

Abstract: Bioethanol is also biodegradable, less explosive, less poisonous and easier to extinguish if burning, compared to petrol and diesel. It is normally produced by fermenting starchy or sugary solids from crops based feedstock like corn, sugar beet, sugarcane, barley, feedstock containing cellulosic biomass such as stalks, leaves and husk from corn plants and woodchips. Biofuels are a wide range of fuels which are derived from biomass. Biofuels are gaining increased public and scientific attention, driven by factors such as oil price spikes, the need for increased energy security and concern over greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. Bioethanol is produced by process of fermentation in which large organic molecules are broken down in to simpler molecules as the result of the activity of microorganisms. The present work deals with the bioethanol production from some carbohydrate source like rice bran, jatropha oil cake and mahua flowers. Among all mahua flowers produced maximum bioethanol 9.40%. Rice bran and jatropha oil cake can also able to produce bioethanol. All substrate produced maximum bioethanol on fifth day of incubation.

[Shubhra Tiwari, S. K. Jadhav and K. L. Tiwari. Comparative Study of Bioethanol Production from Different Carbohydrate Sources. Researcher 2013;5(12):219-221]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 30

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.30

Keywords: Biofuel, Fermentation, Mahua, Bacteria

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Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme of Social Welfare Department to Other Backward Class Students in Kashmir Province - An Evaluative Study

*Dilruba Syed Yatu, ^{1 *}Hafiz Mudasir ²

¹PhD Research Scholar, Dept. of Education, University of Kashmir.

²PhD Research Scholar, Dept of Education, Dr. C.V Raman University, Chhattisgarh.

hafizmudasir@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The Study was conducted with an objective to evaluate the role of Social Welfare Department for granting the scholarships at Post-Matric level to Other Backward Class students in all Districts of Kashmir Province. The Sample of 300 beneficiaries was drawn, Self-constructed Information Schedule and Questionnaire was used. The results of the study depict that Post-Matric Scholarship scheme to Other Backward Class students during the years (2008-09) and (2009-10) has been utilized by all Districts of the Kashmir Province except Ladakh Division (Leh and Kargil).

[ Dilruba Syed Yatu, Hafiz Mudasir. Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme of Social Welfare Department to Other Backward Class Students in Kashmir Province - An Evaluative Study. Researcher 2013;5(12):222-227]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 31

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.31

Key words: Social Welfare, Post-Matric, Scholarship and Physically Challenged.

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Maya Angelou’s quest for an identity as a female black voice

Leila Naderi¹, Azita Amelirad^2, Shiva Amelirad²

¹Master in English Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Marivan Branch, Kurdistan, Iran

²Master in Persian Language and Literature. Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Kurdistan, Iran

Abstract: The black female writers who have made a significant contribution to African American Literature knew that it was necessary to tell their stories which were influential in their struggle against the forces of domination in the American canon. Although Angelou’s poetry has a large public, it does not have the deserved esteem. This article explores the fact that Angelou, through her outstanding poems, illustrates the black female voice and expresses her criticism of discrimination and injustice. Meanwhile, she tries to create a culture to celebrate the notion that Black subject is beautiful and unique.

[Leila Naderi, Azita Amelirad, Shiva Amelirad. Maya Angelou’s quest for an identity as a female black voice. Researcher 2013;5(12):228-231]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 32

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.32

Key words: African American poetry; recreating black identity; female voice

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Impact of Nurse's Depression on Caring Dimensions at Oncology Care Unit

Amal G. Shehata

Psychiatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Egypt

dr_amal_shehata@yahoo.com

Abstract: Caring has been widely discussed in the health care professions, especially in nursing which is considered to be one of the caring professions. The care in oncology settings causes special stress of care takers especially oncology nurses. Oncology nurses see patients dieing every day due to failed treatment or late diagnosis. This incidence has negative psychological feelings on nurses. Consequently have negative implications upon the different caring dimensions in oncology settings. However, few researchers have examined this issue. Hence, the purpose of this research is to assess the impact of nurse's depression on caring dimensions at oncology Care unit. The study was conducted at oncology unit in Al Ain hospital in U.AE. Forty oncology nurses were included in the study. Three tools were used by the researcher for data collection. Oncology nurses demographic data through a structured interview schedule. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to measure depression of oncology nurses, and caring dimension inventory (CDI) to gather oncology nurses perceptions of caring dimension in oncology settings. The results revealed that the majority of oncology nurses were experience mild and moderate levels of depression (55% and 30% respectively). 15% of the study subjects had severe level of depression. Oncology nurses were perceived the importance of caring in all aspects of care (57.5%, 45.0%, 67.5% respectively) P = 0.342. Overall, results shows statistically significant positive correlation between oncology nurses depressive level and their years of experience in oncology settings (P = 0.001). A statistical significant difference was found between levels of depression and oncology nurses perceptions of aspects of nursing practice to be caring (P = 0.001).

[Amal G. Shehata. Impact of Nurse's Depression on Caring Dimensions at Oncology Care Unit. Researcher 2013;5(12):232-239]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 33

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.33

Keywords: Nurses Depression, Caring Dimensions, Oncology

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Efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf powder against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

Ojo J. A.^1*, Olunloyo A. A.² and Akanni E. O.²

¹Department of Crop Production, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria

²Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

*jamesadebayoojo@gmail.com

Abstract: Cowpea is a very important grain legume that serves as a source of dietary protein for human consumption, however the grain is widely infested by a number storage insect pests among which Callosobruchus maculatus is a primary field to store pest causing considerably great losses to farmers. Laboratory study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf powder, used as protectant against C. maculatus F. infesting stored cowpea. The bioassays were conducted at six levels of concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 2.0 g/20g seed) of test plant leaf powder and the untreated control (0g/20 g seed). All the different levels of concentrations considerably reduced oviposition and emergence of F1 progeny compared to the control. The mortality of the cowpea beetles was assessed at two days after infestation (2 DAI), 4 DAI, 6 DAI and 7 DAI and the results indicated that the mortality increased with increasing amount of M. oleifera leaf powder, with concentration of 2.0g /20g seed has significantly higher (p > 0.05) mortality compared to the control. Also, different level concentrations significantly protected the seeds in relation to seed damage and seed weight loss caused by C. maculatus compared to the control.

[Ojo J. A., Olunloyo A. A. and Akanni E. O. Efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf powder against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Researcher 2013;5(12):240-244]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 34

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.34

Keywords: Callosobruchus maculatus, leaf powder, protectant, concentration

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Analysis on the kinds and Causes of corruption in India

Iqramuddin Malik¹, Dr. Ashish Singhal², Arun Prakash Singh³

1. Subharti University, Meerut, India

2. Sharda University, Greater Noida, India

3. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India

Abstract: The corruption is an often used, but very rarely defined phenomenon of the social life. Corruption or level of corruption is widely used in public discourse and usually hold a two fold common-sense meaning. On one hand it stands for those illegal practices, in which citizens or organizations bribe officials in charge for awarding permissions, contracts, or to escape punishment or fines for offences they committed. In a simpler definition: Corruption is to obtain privileges against law or against the rules of some bureaucracy. This is the narrow definition of corruption. Many scholars argue, however, that corruption is a broader phenomenon, or rather, a hardly definable set of phenomena, including achieving several advances through personal networking; paying gratitude money or giving gifts for usual services, what are already reimbursed from customers or state resources.

[Iqramuddin Malik, Ashish Singhal, Arun Prakash Singh. Analysis on the kinds and Causes of corruption in India. Researcher 2013;5(12):245-249]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 35

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.35

Key Words: Social life, Bureaucracy, Corruption, Illegal practice.

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Human Rights Protection under the Constitution of India and Judicial response

Dr. Ashish Kumar Singhal¹, Iqramuddin Malik², Arun Prakash Singh³

1. Sharda University, Greater Noida, India

2. Subharti University, Meerut, India

3. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India

ABSTRACT: The framers of the Indian constitution incorporated all basic human rights as fundamental rights and made special provisions to ensure their enforcement under article 226 and 32. of The Constitution. The Constitution of India was drafted after the Universal declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations on Dec. 10, 1948 and therefore some ideas were borrowed right from the declaration itself. But after long period Indian parliament enacted the Protection of Human Rights Act in 1993 to provide for the Constitution National Human rights Commission and state Human Rights Commissions and Human Rights Court for the protection of human rights. The researcher view and analysis in this research paper is that to what extent Indian Judiciary protecting Human rights as per the constitutional safeguards in this respect. So the discussion in this paper is what rights are considered as Human rights by Indian Judiciary and what protection has been given by Indian Judiciary in different forms of its decisions in various cases. As we all are well aware about the violation of Human rights everywhere but it’s a hard task to prevent the violation of Human Rights. So we are going to analyze best efforts made by Indian Judiciary in the recognition and protection of Human Rights in the decisions of various leading cases.

[Ashish Kumar Singhal, Iqramuddin Malik, Arun Prakash Singh. Human Rights Protection under the Constitution of India and Judicial response. Researcher 2013;5(12):250-254]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 36

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051213.36

Key Words: Constitution, Human Rights, Judiciary, United Nation.

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