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Study of Design a Multi-Phase Modeling computational flows framework in Three Dimensional Porous Media

Dr. A.P. Singh and Atul Chauhan

Hindu College Moradabad. Research Scholar

Abstract: In this paper we study the multi-phase computational modeling framework. In this described for the analysis of multi-phase computational flows in reactive three dimensional porous media targeted at the metals recovery through stockpile leaching and in this recover the computational recovery media by three dimensional media environmental recovery processes. These systems involve a complex suite of interacting fluid, thermal and chemical reaction physics in complex geometries, which in the case of heap leaching actually grow with time, and varying environmental conditions.

[ A.P. Singh and Atul Chauhan. Study of Design a Multi-Phase Modeling computational flows framework in Three Dimensional Porous Media. Researcher. 2012;4(2):1-3]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 1

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.01

Keywords: Multi-Phase models, Porous media, Computational fluid dynamics; Modeling.

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The Status and Prospects of Artisanal Fisheries of Lower Usuma Reservoir, Bwari, F.C.T. Abuja, Nigeria

Dan-kishiya, A.S.¹, Olatunde, A.A¹. and Balogun, J.K².

1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, P.M.B 117, Abuja, Nigeria

2. Department of Biological Sciences, Ahamadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

adankishiya@yahoo.com

Abstract: Study on the status and prospects of Artisanal fisheries of Lower Usuma Reservoir, Bwari, F.C.T, Nigeria was investigated from July, 2009 to April, 2011. Artisanal frame and catch assessment surveys at the Reservoir. The only fishing village located around Lower Usuma Reservoir was Ushafa fishing village with a total of 47 migrant Hausa fishermen. All the gears employed in the reservoir were the monofilament type. Majority of the fishermen used the gill net (34.04%) with a catch per unit effort (c.p.u.e.) of 12.79Kg/canoe/fisherman. This was followed by the use of traps (29.79%) with c.p.u.e. of 1.04Kg/canoe/fisherman. While 14.89% used the Drag net having a c.p.u.e. of 12.23Kg/canoe/ fisherman, 12.77% used the cast net and those that used the hook/line were only 8.51% with a c.p.u.e. of 10.55 and 35.82Kg/canoe/fisherman respectively. The catch per unit effort was an indication that the Reservoir is productive and can compare favourably with other productive African reservoirs with future prospects.

[Dan-kishiya, A.S., Olatunde, A.A. and Balogun, J.K. The Status and Prospects of Artisanal Fisheries of Lower Usuma Reservoir, Bwari, F.C.T. Abuja, Nigeria Researcher. 2012;4(2):4-7]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 2

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.02

Key words: Status, Prospects, Artisanal fisheries, Usuma Reservoir.

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Fungi Associated with the Deterioration of Garri (a traditional fermented cassava product) in Ogun State, Nigeria.

B.T. Thomas, H.I. Effedua, A.Davies and A. Oluwadun

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.

benthoa2013@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Garri is an African traditional fermented food product prepared from cassava that is widely consumed by both rural and urban dwelling people with little or no concern about the fungal mycoflora that are associated with its deterioration. This research determined the fungi that are associated with the deterioration of garri in Ogun state, Nigeria using a total of 400 samples (200 each of white garri and 200 each of yellow garri) purchased between February –November, 2010. The isolation and identification of the fungal isolates were by standard microbiological techniques. Fungal contaminants of commercially collected white garri samples were Aspergillus niger (42%), Aspergillus flavus (33%) and Penicillium species (25%) while in yellow garri, the prevalence rate of fungi were Aspergillus niger (39%), Aspergillus fiavus (34%), Penicillium species (18%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (9%). The frequency of occurrence of the isolated fungi were compared for both yellow and white garri and it was observed that the mean frequency of occurrence of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium species were significantly higher in white garri than in yellow garri (P<0.05) while Aspergillus flavus was found to be significantly higher in yellow garri that in white garri (P<0.05). It can be concluded that, the garri samples analyzed were contaminated with different potential mycotoxigenic moulds.

[B.T. Thomas, H.I. Effedua, A.Davies and A. Oluwadun. Fungi Associated with the Deterioration of Garri (a traditional fermented cassava product) in Ogun State, Nigeria. Researcher. 2012;4(2):8-12]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 3

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.03

Keywords: Fungi, Garri, Deterioration

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Role of three Dimensional Porous Media in Multi-Phase modeling computational flows: Case Study

Dr. A.P. Singh and Atul Chauhan

Hindu College Moradabad. Research Scholar

Abstract: In this paper we study the multi-phase computational modeling flows. And design the modeling framework which can perform the flows of all data in computerized flows. In this we described the analysis of multi-phase computational flows in reactive three dimensional porous media targeted at the metals recovery through stockpile leaching and in this recover the computational recovery media by three dimensional media environmental recovery processes from porous media. These systems involve a complex suite of interacting fluid, thermal and chemical reaction physics in complex geometries, which in the case of heap leaching actually grow with time, and varying environmental conditions. in this paper we study the all types of porous media and conclude the modeling flows converted in multi-phase modeling computational flows in three dimensional porous media.

[Dr. A.P.Singh, Atul Chauhan. Role of three Dimensional porous media in multi-phase modeling computational flows: case study. Researcher. 2012;4(2):13-15]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 4

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.04

Keywords: Multi-Phase models, Porous media.

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Study Analysis of data mining Algorithms: Case Study

Deependra Dwivedi

 IIMT College of Engineering, Greater Noida

Abstract: In this paper we study the Data analysis has many facets, ranging from statistics to engineering. In this paper we discussed basically data mining algorithms for data analysis. Now we can uses of cluster analysis, precedence analysis, and data mining methods are emphasized. Data mining is the best analysis method for software data.

[Deependra Dwivedi. Study Analysis of data mining Algorithms: Case Study. Researcher. 2012;4(2):16-19]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 5

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.05

Keywords: Cluster analysis, data mining algorithms, precedence. Classification of Algorithm

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In vitro seed germination and shoot multiplication of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb-An endangered medicinal tree

Naseer Ahmad¹, Aprana Alia¹, Fatima khan², Amarjeet kour³, Shagufta khan⁴

1. Department of Botany, Rajeev Gandhi College, Bhopal, 2. Department of Botany Govt.Science andCommerece College Benazir, Bhopal, 3. Department of Botany Govt. MVM College, Bhopal

4. Grow tips Biotec, Bhopal. naseerahmad.z33@gmail.com, aprna.alia@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for mass propagation of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.was standardized by using cotyledonary node of in vitro raised seedlings explant. Immature green seeds were germinated on MS different concentration media. The cotyledonary nodes were used as explants for shoot induction were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) Medium supplemented with Cytokinins (BAP) or Auxins (IAA, IBA, NAA), either alone or in combinations.Within a time span of six weeks, maximum shoot multiplication per explant was achieved on MS medium fortified with BAP (1mg/l) and NAA (0.5mg/l). The Further experiments for maximum multiplication of shoots and root induction of micropropagated shoots were to be studied.

[Naseer Ahmad, Aprana Alia, Fatima khan, Amarjeet kour, Shagufta khan. In vitro seed germination and shoot multiplication of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb-An endangered medicinal tree. Researcher. 2012;4(2):20-24]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 6

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.06

Keywords: In vitro regeneration, Cotyledonary node, Pterocarpus marsupium.

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The possible protective effect of antioxidant Alpha-lipoic acid on the liver of pregnant albino rat and its offspring treated with Doxorubicin

Laila M.A.M.Morsy¹, Souria M. Donya², Amany F. Mohamed³

1. Professor of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al-Azhar University

2. Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division,

National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

3. M.Sc. (MD) Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University

E. mail: Dr souria-moustafa@hotmail.com

Abstract: The paucity of data on the fetal effects of prenatal exposure to chemotherapy prompted us to study transplacental transport of chemotherapeutic agents and its effect on liver. The liver was used because of the predominantly high penetration of almost all compounds to this organ. Doxorubicin (DOX) an anthracycline antibiotic, which is widely used as an antineoplastic drug in the treatment of various solid tumors, has been shown to induced hepatotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective efficacy of Alpha- lipoic acid (ALA) on DOX-induced hepatotoxicity in female albino rats and their offspring. The pregnant mothers were divided into four main groups G1 (control) i.p. injected with distilled water, after delivery divided into four subgroups:G1A (one day old offspring) G1B (seven days old offspring), G1C (mothers one day after delivery). G1D (mothers seven days after delivery). G2 orally treated with ALA at 1.3mg/kg.b.wt. via gastric tube for four successive days at 11^th, 12^th,13^th, and 14^th day of gestation. After delivery divided to G2A, G2B, G2C, G2D. G3 (DOX treated group) i.p. injected with DOX at 1.782mg/kg b.wt. for three successive days at 12^th, 13^th, and 14^th days of gestation (2^nd trimester). After delivery divided to G3A, G3B, G3C, G3D. G4 (ALA+DOX treated group) i.p. injected with DOX at 12^th, 13^th, 14^thdays of gestation and were given orally ALA 24h prior to and during treatment with DOX from the day11^th to 14^th day of gestation. After delivery divided to G4A, G4B, G4C, G4D. DOX hepatotoxicity and beneficial effects of ALA were monitored by micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations assays in rat liver. DOX –induced a highly significant percentage of micronucleated hepatocytes in mothers and offspring one and seven days after delivery, and the percentage of chromosomal aberrations reached after excluding gaps 4% and 8.53% for one and seven days old albino rats respectively. Groups treated with ALA+DOX showed a significant reduction in the frequency of micronuclei formation as well as of chromosomal aberrations. In conclusion, this study shows limited fetal exposure after maternal administration of DOX and illustrate the protective efficacy of ALA against hepatotoxicity induced by DOX in rat liver.

[Laila M.A.M.Morsy, Souria M. Donya, Amany F. Mohamed. The possible protective effect of antioxidant Alpha-lipoic acid on the liver of pregnant albino rat and its offspring treated with Doxorubicin. Researcher. 2012;4(2):25-35]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 7

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.07

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Occupational Efficacy and Job Satisfication of Educational Administrators in Higher Education

Shabir Ahmad Bhat, Javeed Ahmad Puju

Ph.D Scholars, Department of Education, University of Kashmir

Corresponding author: umerhassan11@gmail.com

Abstract: The research was conducted to study the occupational efficacy and job satisfaction of educational administrators in higher education. The investigators used Occupational Self Efficacy Scale (OSES) of Sanjaypot Pethe, Sushma Chowdari and Uppinar Dhar and Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) of Amar Singh and T.R. Sharma to collect the data. Certain Statistical techniques like percentage, t-test and correlation were used to analyze the data. The results confirm that effective and ineffective educational administrators differ significantly on Job Satisfaction. The effective educational administrators were found to be more satisfied with their job than ineffective educational administrators in higher eduaatin.

[Shabir Ahmad Bhat, Javeed Ahmad Puju. Occupational Efficacy and Job Satisfication of Educational Administrators in Higher Education. Researcher. 2012;4(2):36-41]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 8

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.08

Keywords: Occupational Efficacy, Job Satisfaction, Effective, Ineffective, Educational Administrators, Higher Education

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Measuring the Performance of Call Admission Control in Two Tier Wireless Cellular Communication Networks

Sumit kumar srivastava¹, Dharmendra Kumar Gupta²

M. Tech. (CSE) Student & Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering, D.B.I.T, Dehradun, Uttarakhand¹

M. Tech. (CSE) Student & Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering, IET Alwar, Rajsthan²

sumitsri15.007@gmail.com¹, gupta.dharmendra0107@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a spontaneous network that can be established with no fixed infrastructure. This means that all its nodes behave as routers and take part in its discovery and maintenance of routes to other nodes in the network. Its routing protocol has to be able to cope with the new challenges that a MANET creates such as nodes mobility, security maintenance, quality of service, limited bandwidth and limited power supply. These challenges set new demands on MANET routing protocols. With the increasing interest in MANETs, there has been a greater focus on the subject of securing such networks. Out of the many discussions and research groups discussing the different security issues in the field of mobile ad hoc networks, many papers have been written describing different proposed secure routing protocols that defend against malicious nodes’ attacks that MANETs face. However, the majority of these MANET secure routing protocols did not provide a complete solution for all the MANETs’ attacks and assumed that any node participating in the MANET is not selfish and that it will cooperate to support different network functionalities. Recently, researchers started to study selfish nodes and their effects on mobile ad hoc networks. That resulted in creating a new thread of research in the MANET field. A number of research papers discussing different cooperation enforcement schemes for detecting and defending against selfish nodes and their disturbance to mobile ad hoc networks were published. Still none of these proposed cooperation enforcement schemes were based on any existing MANET secure routing protocols. All of these proposed schemes were based on routing protocols with no security measures at all. My research strategy is to choose one of the secure routing protocols according to its security-effectiveness, study it and analyze its functionality and performance. The authenticated routing for ad hoc networks (ARAN) secure routing protocol was chosen for analysis. Then, the different existing cooperation enforcement schemes were surveyed so that to come up with a reputation-based scheme to integrate with the ARAN protocol. The result of that integration is called: Reputed-ARAN. Consequently, Reputed-ARAN is capable of handling both selfish and malicious nodes’ attacks. Also, the Glomosim simulation package was chosen to carry out the experimental part of this thesis work. The results of the experiments showed that in the presence of 30% selfish nodes and with node mobility of 10 m/s, the newly proposed Reputed-ARAN protocol improves network throughput to 63.1%, from 38.8% network throughput provided by normal ARAN. This improvement is obtained at the cost of a higher overhead percentage with minimal increase in the average number of hops. The main contribution in this thesis: Reputed-ARAN proves to be more efficient and more secure than normal ARAN secure routing protocol in defending against both malicious and authenticated selfish nodes.

[Sumit kumar srivastava, Dharmendra Kumar Gupta. Measuring the Performance of Call Admission Control in Two Tier Wireless Cellular Communication Networks. Researcher. 2012;4(2):42-50]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 9

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.09

Key words: ad hoc networks, mantes, routing protocols

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Antigenotoxic Effects of Zingiber officinale Extract on Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7

Mohammed H. Z. Mutawakil

Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, P. O. Box 80203, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. mmutwakil@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the antigenotoxic potential of extract from Zingiber officinale (ginger) against anti-inflammatory drug (tenoxicam^®) in Saccharomyces cerevisia strain D7. Three concentrations were prepared from tenoxicam^® drug and ginger plant extract (1, 2, 4 µl/ml ml media) in the all treatments of Saccharomyces cerevisia strain D7. The result of anti-inflammatory drug showed decreasing in survival percentage more than the combined treatment or the ginger plant extract alone. Weak positive mutagenic activity was obtained using the two lowest concentrations (1,2 ml/ml media) only of tenoxicam^® treatment which resulted in reversion and mitotic crossing over. Also, moderate mutagenic activity was obtained at the three loci under study at the highest concentrations in all treatments, expect the tenoxicam treatment, the mutagenic activity was high in all concentrations. These results suggest the mutagenic effect of tenoxicam^® in the induction of reverted, converted and mitotic crossing over in S. cerevisie strain D7 and ginger plant extract have some antimutagenic potential.

[Mohammed H. Z. Mutawakil. Antigenotoxic Effects of Zingiber officinale Extract on Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7. Researcher. 2012;4(2):51-55]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 10.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.10

Key Words: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Tenoxicam^®, ginger plant extract, antimutagenicity.

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Fish Species Distribution in a Domestic Water Supply Reservoir: A Case Study of Lower Usuma Reservoir, Bwari, Nigeria

Dan-kishiya, A.S.¹, Olatunde, A.A¹. and Balogun, J.K².

1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, P.M.B 117, Abuja, Nigeria

2. Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

adankishiya@yahoo.com

Abstract: Study on the fish species distribution of Lower Usuma Reservoir, Bwari, FCT-Nigeria was conducted from July, 2009 to June, 2010 using a fleet of gill-nets consisting of nine multifilament nets of 25.4, 38.1, 50.8, 63.5, 76.2, 88.9, 101.6, 127.0 and 177.8mm stretched meshes to sample the shore, surface and bottom water habitats. Each net measured 30m long and 3m deep, with 210/3 twine used for the first eight meshes and 210/6 for the 177.8 mm mesh. A total of 1573 fishes were sampled. Eleven fish species were identified belonging to five families. There were more fishes at the surface (38.78%), followed by the shore with 31.09% while, the bottom was the least representing 30.13% of the total catch. The fish family Cichlidae was the most dominant with 75.40%. With respect to habitat distribution, the fish families Cichlidae and Cyprinidae dominated the reservoir surface by number representing 38.45% and 43.43% respectively of the total catch of each family. The fish families Clariidae, Bagridae and Mormyridae dominated the Reservoir bottom. In terms of abundance, O. niloticus and Barbus occidentalis were the most abundant species while, T.zilli dominated all the catches (43.67%). There was significant difference in the composition by number of the different families (f=138.15; df =14; P<0.05) but, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in terms of distribution of fishes and the various habitats.

[Dan-kishiya, A.S., Olatunde, A.A. and Balogun, J.K. Fish Species Distribution in a Domestic Water Supply Reservoir: A Case Study of Lower Usuma Reservoir, Bwari, Nigeria. Researcher. 2012;4(2):56-60]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 11

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.11

Key words: Fish, Distribution, Gillnets, Habitats, Reservoir.

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Some Legal Cases on Ganga River Pollution

Singhal, A.K.

Department of Law, Subharthi University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

Email: drashiah.singhal@gmail.com

Abstract: Almost every day we hear news about pollution of water, air, land etc. These are caused by anthropogenic activities. Up to some extent our own actions lead to that pollution. The river pollution is one of the major water pollution. Many rivers are getting polluted day be day due to industrial, agricultural, and other activities. Chemical waste products released from industrial processes like cyanide, zinc, lead, copper, cadmium and mercury are sometimes accidentally discharged into rivers. Due to these substances fish and other animals are killed immediately as they may enter the food chain and accumulate until they reach toxic levels, eventually killing birds, fish and mammals. Industry often uses water for cooling processes, sometimes discharging large quantities of warm water back into rivers. The problem of river pollution has acquired international dimension and India is no exception to it. There is need for the effective enforcement of the Constitutional mandate and other environmental legislations to protect and conserve the rivers. It has been observed that Supreme Court of India has been actively engaged in the protection of environment and many Public Interest Litigations have been instituted against many industries for failing to provide adequate pollution control. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to briefly outline the Supreme Court cases against Ganga pollution.

[Singhal, A.K.. Some legal cases on Ganga river pollution. Researcher. 2012;4(2):61-63]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 12

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.12

Key words: Ganga river; pollution; environment; Public Interest Litigation

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English Teachers’ Attitude Towards Grammar-Translation Method at Secondary Education: Bangladeshi Context

Nitish Kumar Mondal

English Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

nitish.english@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper discusses the attitudes English teachers have towards grammar-translation method at secondary studies. For this purpose the present study makes a questionnaire and side by side interview system which has been implemented on the secondary level English teachers. Fifty seven teachers have been taken as research sample. This study is served in the southern part of the country where Khulna, Bagerhat, Satkhira and Jessore are included. Through the findings teachers’ positive attitudes are disclosed that teachers were generally comfortable with this language teaching method offered in secondary level education in Bangladesh and they agreed that this method is very much important in Bangladeshi perspective for learning English in the present era. The respondents in the present study, who were just English teachers, reported that this method in secondary school syllabus helped the students obtaining the perfect knowledge of grammar and translation by which the students can learn English well for career and personal growth.

[Nitish Kumar Mondal. English Teachers’ Attitude Towards Grammar-Translation Method at Secondary Education: Bangladeshi Context. Researcher. 2012;4(2):64-68]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 13

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.13

Keywords: English; Attitudes; Grammar- translation method; Secondary Education.

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Nutritive Value and Microflora of Salted Kawara (Alestes sp.) During Storage

Ghada A. El Hag*, Babiker Y. Abu Gideiri٭, Mohamed E. Ali†, Isam M. Abu Zied††

*Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Fisheries Science, University of Alneelain, Khartoum, Sudan.P.O. Box:12702. ٭ Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Khartoum, Sudan. †Fisheries Research Center (Al Shagara), P. O. Box. 1489, Khartoum, Sudan. †† Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. ghahmed@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study was performed to investgate the influence of salt (25%) and storage time under temperature between 36 to 37± 1˚C on the nutritive value and microbiological analysis of salted Alestes sp. Protein, crude fat, ether extract, ash content, dray matter, moisture content, pH, and some minerals content were analyzed. Chemical composition was reduced during storage period and the reduction was statistically significant (P<0.05) during 4-12 days of storage time. Total viable bacteria, total Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp. and yeast-mould were also measured to examine the microbial quality during storage time. Staphylococcus sp. was the dominant species, no yeast and mould were detected during the storage period. The total viable count of bacteria reduced duringe storage time. The result of this study indicated that, salted fish stored for three months had the best quality and shelf-life for Alestes species.

[Ghada A. El Hag, Babiker Y. Abu Gideir, Mohamed E. Ali, Isam M. Abu Zied Nutritive Value and Microflora of Salted Kawara (Alestes sp.) During Storage] Researcher. 2012;4(2):69-76]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 14

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.14

Key words: Salted fish, Alestes species, Nutritive Value, Microbiological changes, Storage.

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The Effect of Bacillus Subtilis Spores - Based Probiotic and Florfenicol on the Colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis in Intestine of the Broilers

M.M. Hashem¹; A. Ramdan¹, H.Y. El Zorba¹ Soad A. Abd El Wanis² and A.M. El Mahdy²

¹Dept.Of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

²Central Lab for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

Abstract: The current study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus spores based probiotic and drinking water supplementation of florfenicol on Salmonella enteritidis colonization in the intestine of broiler chicks, also recorded the clinical signs which appeared during the experiment. A total of 220 broiler chicks (one day old, Ross) free from Salmonella infection divided into 5 equal groups, the broilers were then subjected to the following treatments:1^st group was given Salmonella enteritidis, Bacillus spores based probiotic and florfenicol, 2^nd group was given Salmonella enteritidis and florfenicol, 3^rd group was given Salmonella enteritidis and Bacillus spores based probiotic. 4^th group was given Salmonella enteritidis only and used as positive control group. 5^th group was given neither Salmonella enteritidis nor treatments and used as negative control group. The statistical analysis for results by Duncan multiple range test and ANOVA test showed that, there was a significant difference at p<0.05 between groups using Bacillus spores based probiotic, florfenicol, combination of both treatments and positive control group in colony counts of Salmonella enteritidis in intestine of broiler chicks. Furthermore, the results showed that broiler chicks fed with probiotic supplements had a minimal viable colony count of Salmonella enteritidis bacteria in the intestinal tract. Bacillus spores based probiotic fed birds was able to resist Salmonella enteritidis infection with few mild clinical signs. Improved resistance to other bacterial disease is expected from the supplementation of Bacillus spores based probiotic in the formulation of feeds for broilers.

[M.M. Hashem; A. Ramdan, H.Y. El Zorba Soad A. Abd El Wanis and A.M. El Mahdy. Antigenotoxic The Effect of Bacillus Subtilis Spores - Based Probiotic and Florfenicol on the Colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis in Intestine of the Broilers. Researcher. 2012;4(2):77-85]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 15

doi:10.7537/marsrsj040212.15

Key Words: Bacillus spores based probiotic, florfenicol, Salmonella enteritidis, broiler chicks.

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