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Evaluation Of Antifungal Effects Of Extracts Of Allium Sativum And Nicotiana Tobacum Against Soft Rot Of Yam (Dioscorea Alata).

Ijato James Yeni

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF ADO-EKITI P.M.B 5363, EKITI STATE, NIGERIA.

E-mail: jamesyeni@yahoo.com; GSM: 08067335124

Abstract: The antifungal effects of Allium sativum (rhizome) and Nicotiana tobacum (leaf) extracts on rot causing organisms on yam: Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium solani. Treatment with aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the test plants significantly reduced the radical growth of the pathogens in vitro. Value 76.66% inhibition of Botryodiplodia theobromae was obtained using 80% aqueous extract of Allium sativum, 60% inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum was obtained using 80% aqueous of Nicotiana tobacum, 86.66% inhibition of Botryodiplodia theobromae was obtained using 30% ethanol on Allium sativum and 60.5% inhibition of Aspergillus niger was obtained using 25% ethanol to extract 70% inhibition of Fusarium solani was obtained using 30% ethanol to extract on N. tabacum both the aqueous and the ethanolic extract of the test plants were found to be more active as bio-killer on yam rot organisms.

[Ijato James Yeni. Evaluation Of Antifungal Effects Of Extracts Of Allium Sativum And Nicotiana Tobacum Against Soft Rot Of Yam (Dioscorea Alata). Researcher. 2011;3(2):1-5]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.01

Key-word: Allium sativum, yam, Nicotiana tobacum, plant extract, rot organisms

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Evaluation of Acoustic Parameters of Halides of Alkali Metals and Ammonium in Aqueous and Aqueous Dextran Solutions at 298.15 K

Moharatha Dharitri¹, Talukdar Malabika^2,*, Roy Gauri Shankar³, Dash Upendra Nath²

1. Department of Physics, N M Institute of Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 019, Odisha, India

2. Department of Chemistry, I T E R, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751 030, Odisha,India

3. Department of Physics, Government College, Bhawanipatana, Odisha, India

malabika136@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: The acoustic behavior of halides of alkali metals and ammonium in aqueous and aqueous dextran solutions has been studied at 298.15 K. The structural arrangement of molecules of the solvent has been discussed with reference to the electrostatic field of ion in the solution. The qualitative intermolecular elastics forces between the solute and solvent molecules are explained in terms of compressibility.

[Moharatha Dharitri, Talukdar Malabika, Roy Gauri Shankar, Dash Upendra Nath. Evaluation of Acoustic Parameters of Halides of Alkali Metals and Ammonium in Aqueous and Aqueous Dextran Solutions at 298.15K. Researcher. 2011;3(2):6-12]. (ISSN: 1553-9865).

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.02

Keywords: aqueous dextran solutions; alkali metal halides; apparent molar volumes; isentropic compressibility

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A Literature Review on the Log Export Ban Policy in Developing Countries: From the Perspective of Environmental Economics

 Klarizze PUZON, Arip MUTTAQIEN, Xingzhuo SONG and Dzung NGUYEN*

Corresponding Author’s Email Address: klarizze@gmail.com

*Master in Economics Students, Toulouse School of Economics, France.

 ABSTRACT: The log export ban (LEB) policy, considered as the most extreme form of log export taxation, was formulated to conserve forest area and trigger growth. However, its effectiveness in achieving the twin goals of economic efficiency and environmental conservation has been widely debated. In this paper, the efficacy of the log export ban policy is reviewed. Using empirical evidence from Indonesia and Costa Rica, the opposite sides of the debate (i.e. the effects of the implementation versus the removal of the LEB) are analyzed. Lastly, alternative policies, e.g. carbon payment schemes, are also briefly discussed.

[Klarizze PUZON, Arip MUTTAQIEN, Xingzhuo SONG and Dzung NGUYEN. A Literature Review on the Log Export Ban Policy in Developing Countries: From the Perspective of Environmental Economics. Researcher. 2011;3(2):13-20]. (ISSN: 1553-9865).

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.03

Keywords: Literature Review; Log Export; Ban Policy; Developing Country; Environmental Economics

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Evaluation of rations supplemented with fibrolytic enzyme on dairy cows performance 2- In situ ruminal degradability of rations containing different roughages at two concentrate to roughage ratios

M I Bassiouni¹, H M A Gaafar², M S Saleh¹, A M A Mohi El-Din² and M A H Elshora²

1- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.

2- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

gaafar356@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT: This experiment was conducted to study the effect of fibrolytic enzymes supplementation on In Situ degradability of DM, CP and CF of different rations consisted of concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + berseem hay (BH), dried sugar beet tops (DSBT), corn silage (CS), rice straw (RS) or wheat straw (WS) in different ratios 60:40 or 40:60. The fibrolytic enzyme (fibrozyme) was added to the ground rations at the levels of 0, 1 and 1.5 g/kg DM diluted with distilled water (1:10 w/v) and sprayed with 10 ml per kg of ground feedstuffs overnight and samples incubated in canulated multiparous Friesian cows for 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Rations contained DSBT showed the highest values of in situ DM, CP and CF disappearance followed by rations contained BH, while rations contained RS or WS had the lowest values (P<0.05). The percentages of in situ DM, CP and CF disappearance for rations contained 60% concentrate: 40% roughage was higher than rations contained 40% concentrate: 60% roughage for different feedstuffs (P<0.05). Added fibrolytic enzyme at the level of 1g/kg DM showed the highest DM and CF disappearance in DSBT rations and CP disappearance in BH and DSBT rations, while, the level of 1.5 g/kg showed the highest DM and CF disappearance in BH, CS, RS and WS rations and CP disappearance in CS, RS and WS rations (P<0.05). Rations contained DSBT showed the highest rapid degradable fraction (a) for DM, CP and CF, rations contained BH showed the highest potential degradable fraction (b), rations contained CS had the highest degradation rate (c), while, rations contained RS or WS had the highest undegradable fraction (u) (P<0.05). The rapid degradable fraction (a), the potential degradable fraction (b) and the degradation rate (c) were higher, the undegradable fraction (u) was lower for rations contained 60% concentrate: 40% roughage compared with those contained 40% concentrate: 60% roughage for different feedstuffs (P<0.050. Moreover, rations contained DSBT showed the highest outflow rate of degradable DM at 2, 5 and 8%/ hour from the rumen and increased with increasing concentrate level (P<0.05). The highest rapid and potential degradable fractions, degradation rate and the outflow rate at 2, 5 and 8%/ hour from the rumen and the lowest undegradable fraction detected with added fibrozyme at level of 1g/kg for of DM and CF in DSBT rations and CP in BH and DSBT rations and at level of 1.5 g/kg for DM and CF in BH, CS, RS and WS rations and CP in CS, RS and WS rations (P<0.05).

[M I Bassiouni, H M A Gaafar, M S Saleh, A M A Mohi El-Din and M A H Elshora. Evaluation of rations supplemented with fibrolytic enzyme on dairy cows performance 2- In situ ruminal degradability of rations containing different roughages at two concentrate to roughage ratios. Researcher. 2011;3(2):21-33]. (ISSN: 1553-9865).

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.04

Keywords: different roughages, concentrate: roughage ratio, fibrolytic enzyme, in situ disappearance

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Molecular Studies on EctC gene (Ectoine) in some halophilic Bacterial Isolates.

^1,2A. M. K. Nada, ³M. H. Refaat, ³M. S. Abdel-Sabour, ³A. M. Hassan and ³Abd El Kader, M.M.

¹ Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), ARC, Giza, Egypt.

² Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA).

³Department of Genetics, Fac. of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalubia, Egypt.

Abstract: The ability of microorganism to adapt the changes in the osmolality of the external milieu is of fundamental importance for growth and survival, and thus prokaryotic cells have evolved a number of osmoadaptative mechanisms to cope with elevated osmolality. One hundred bacterial isolates were isolated from soil from Egypt and screened for salt tolerance. The best four isolates were identified by manual and API 20E system methods. Identification of bacterial isolates showed that strains were Pseudomonas mallei, Halococcus salifodinae, Pseudomonas flourecens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The primers were designed for screening the bacterial isolates about the EctC gene from octoine operon. The positive result was with bacterial isolate Pseudomonas mallei. The length of observed fragment was between 300-400 bp. SDS-PAGE analysis of the four isolates revealed that the protein profile of the six isolates were different from each other in their banding pattern at different concentrations of NaCl (0.0 ppm,40.000 ppm and 58.500 ppm) respectively.

[A. M. K. Nada, M. H. Refaat, M. S. Abdel-Sabour, A. M. Hassan and Abd El Kader, M.M. Molecular Studies on EctC gene (Ectoine) in some halophilic Bacterial Isolates. Researcher. 2011;3(2):34-42]. (ISSN: 1553-9865).

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.05

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Eco-Epidemiologic Aspects Of Mannheimia Haemolytica In Egypt

H.A. Kaoud¹, A.R. El-Dahshan, Manal.M. Zaki¹, ¹ Shaaima¹ .A. Nasr¹

 Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Environmental Pollution and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt. ka-oud@link.net

Abstract: The aim of this article was a trial to declare of the ecology of Mannheimia haemolytica (P. haemolytica) among farm animals in Egypt through the following :( 1) Checking up the presumptive role of some environmental components in the indirect transmission of the infection. (2) Investigating survival and viability of the organism under simulated environmental conditions. Nasal swabs were collected from animals showed respiratory manifestations (cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats) in some farms in different Govemorates of Egypt. Soil and Air samples from animal houses were also obtained (A total of 435 samples).Results pointed out that; 27 isolates were recorded from 265 (10.16%) nasal swabs of herds manifested respiratory sings (6.37% of animals showed respiratory sings). 17 isolates were recorded from 100 examined air samples (17%).And 4 isolates were recorded from 70 examined soil samples (5.70%). There was a correlation between Mannheimia. haemolytica isolation from the nasal cavities and the dust content of the air (r =0.72) but it is not significant (P < 0.05). In the same time, there was a highly significant correlation between dust in the air and the respiratory manifestations affecting the animals (r = 0.82, (P< 0.05). It seems possible to conclude that the organism is not capable of surviving outside the animal's body for long time. M. haemolytica survived relatively longer in faeces than in tap-water under different incubation temperatures. We failed to isolate the other trehalose-negative species were found representing the genus (Mannheimia) with five species (M glucosida, M granulomatis, M ruminalis, and M varigena).

[H.A. Kaoud, A.R. El-Dahshan, Manal. M. Zaki, Shaaima. A. Nasr. Eco-Epidemiologic Aspects Of Mannheimia Haemolytica In Egypt. Researcher. 2011;3(2):43-50]. (ISSN: 1553-9865).

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.06

Keywords: Eco-Epidemiologic - Mannheimia haemolytica (P. haemolytica)- respiratory manifestations

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Improving Effect of Dietary Oat Bran Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Induced By Hyperlipidemic Diet

Ola S Mohamed ¹,Mostafa M Said ², Zeinab Y Ali ^2,*, Hanan A Atia ¹ and Heba S Mostafa ²

 1. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

2. Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt.

zeinabyousef65@ymail.com

Abstract: Many epidemiological studies support the involvement of oxidative stress in pathogenesis and progression of many diseases such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Oats (Avena sativa, Linn.) are rich in antioxidants and have cholesterol-reducing effect. This study aimed to evaluate the total phenolic and antioxidant activity as well as the prophylactic and curative effects of oat bran (2.70 g. kg^-1 b.w. day^-1) on oxidative stress induced by hyperlipideamic diet comparing with simvastatin (3.6 g. kg^-1 b.w.day^-1) as reference agent. Rats fed on hyperlipidemic diet supplemented with cholesterol, cholic acid and thiouracil (CCT, 3:1:0.5) exhibited significant elevation in hepatic antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, GPx and GST) activities and lipid peroxide (MDA), and a significant depletion in reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Oat bran was able to maintain or ameliorate these changes to nearly normal levels and reveals its prophylactic and curative effects on oxidative stress associated with hyperlipidemia. Oat bran has nearly similar potent antioxidant effect as simvastatin. These beneficial effects could be attributed to the antioxidant activities of bioactive ingredients in oat bran. In conclusion, oat bran supplementation exhibited a powerful antioxidant potential and, thus, reduce incidence and prevent atherosclerosis through a reduction in oxidative stress induced by hyperlipidemia in rats.

[Ola S Mohamed, Mostafa M Said, Zeinab Y Ali, Hanan A Atia and Heba S Mostafa. Improving Effect of Dietary Oat Bran Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Induced By Hyperlipidemic Diet. Researcher. 2011;3(2):51-61]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.07

 Key words: Avena sativa; oat bran; total phenolics; antioxidant activity; hyperlipidemia; atherosclerosis; oxidative stress; hepatic antioxidant

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Teaching Aids: A Panacea for Effective Instructional Delivery in Biology

Iwu, Rosemary U., Ijioma, Blessing C, Onoja Abel .I, and Nzewuihe G.U

 Department of Biology, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri. Imo State, Nigeria.

Abstract: The paper examines the role of teaching aids in effective instructional delivery. Teaching aids are those relevant materials utilized by the teacher during instructional process and they in turn affect the behaviour of the learner. To effectively utilize instructional materials in the teaching-learning process the following principles and requirements should be adhered to in the selection of teaching aids: Instructional tasks, target audience attributes, the economy, dynamic variables and environmental factors. The use of instructional materials should follow the following guidelines: specification of objectives, preparation and preview, maximal fit with instructional task, environmental situations and measure of outcome. The problems associated with the use of teaching aids include the following; teachers professional knowledge and technical know-how, time, finance and poor maintenance culture. In line with the above it is recommended that teachers should endeavor to commit themselves to effective use of teaching aids in all their instructional delivery. A forum should be created where teachers will endeavor to update their knowledge in the area of educational technology in order to expose themselves to modern technological apparatus and how to manipulate their functions amongst others.

[Iwu, Rosemary U., Ijioma, Blessing C, Onoja Abel .I, and Nzewuihe G.U. Teaching Aids: A Panacea for Effective Instructional Delivery in Biology. Researcher. 2011;3(2):62-65]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.08

Keywords: Teaching Aids, Panacea, Instructional delivery

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Two Point Resolution: An Introspection

¹S. PATTNAIK, S. K. KAMILA², G. S. ROY³,R. DAS⁴, N. K. SHARMA⁵

 ¹Pathani Samanta Planetarium, Bhubaneswar, Orissa (INDIA),

^2,5Department of Physics, ITER, Bhubaneswar, Orissa (INDIA),

³Department of Physics, Govt. (Auto) college, Bhawanipatana, Orissa (INDIA)

⁴JKBK College, Cuttack, Orissa (INDIA)

Subhendu_patnaik@yahoo.com

Abstract: Two point resolution is not unambiguously defined, it is interpreted in many ways by many researchers. In this paper, which reviews the concept of optical resolution, a number of these interpretations are discussed. A discussion of resolution preceded by the classical approach to the study of two-point resolution are dealt. The well-known resolution criterion of Sparrow and Rayleigh resolution criterion are surveyed, Only an ideal imaging system can reproduce an infinitesimally small point object as an infinitesimally small point image. An ideal imaging system is one in which diffraction and aberrations are absent. A point-source object can be represented mathematically by a delta function called the “Point Spread Function (PSF)”. This spread of light in the image is determined jointly by diffraction, aberration and also the non-uniformity of amplitude and/or phase transmission specified by the pupil function, if, particularly, the optical system is apodised. Resolution also depends on the coherence conditions of illuminance. Light waves from two distinct self-luminous point sources are incoherent, as is true for double stars imaged by a telescope. Incoherent imaging is linear in intensity. Therefore the intensity distribution produced by two incoherent point sources is obtained by adding their separate intensity diffraction patterns. Apodization processes narrowing the main lobe of the point-spread function improve the resolution in the sense of the classical criteria. However, these criteria are based on calculated images for which in principle no obvious limit to resolution exists. It remains to be seen if apodization still enhances resolution if it is applied to detect images.

[S. PATTNAIK, S. K. KAMILA, G. S. ROY, R. DAS, N. K. SHARMA, Two Point Resolution: An Introspection, Researcher. 2011;3(2):66-72]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.09

Key Word: Two-point resolution, point object, degree of coherence, Resolution & coherence, apodization

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Study results of microbial cultures isolated from patients hospitalized in different wards of hospitals in Khuzestan, Ahvaz 2008-9 (IRAN)

Abdullah Sarami¹, Morosh², Nasser bahrevar³, ^*Tayeb Saki Nejad⁴

1 - Specialist Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine

 2- Infection Control Nurse

3 - Health Engineer

4- Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch (Design and analysis of statistics)

saki1971@iauahvaz.ac.ir; Tayebsaki1350@yahoo.com
 

Abstract: A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture media under controlled laboratory conditions. Acquired infections, nosocomial infections due to medical care that patients performed within 24 hours after the start of admission to 72 hours after discharge from the hospital to be with them, are applicable. Again according to some developing countries 5 to 10 percent of patients admitted to these infections may be affected. This issue is being raised because the control of nosocomial infections as a global priority and to identify their coordinates in one of the hospitals was conducted.

[Abdullah Sarami, Morosh, Nasser bahrevar, Tayeb Saki Nejad. Study results of microbial cultures isolated from patients hospitalized in different wards of hospitals in Khuzestan, Ahvaz 2008-9(IRAN). Researcher. 2011;3(2):73-74]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.10

Keywords: microbes isolated, Patients, culture

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Evaluation of some heavy metals pollution on Oreochromis niloticus in River Nile and Ismailia Canal

Mohamed. M. Moustafa¹ Abd El Aziz M^..¹, Abd El Meguid A. Z^{. 1} and Hussien A. M. Osman ²

 ¹ Department of Fish Disease and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University,

² Department of hydrobiology National Research Center Giza, Egypt

dr.hussien_osman@yahoo.com

Abstract: Water and Nile Tilapia fish samples were collected from industrial localities in the River Nile at "Helwan, El muasaia, shubra El Khima" and from Ismailia canal at (Moustord, Ceriakos, Abu zaabal) The samples were examined for the presence of heavy metals "lead, mercury and cadmium" using atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. On comparing our Results with the recommended standard levels of these metals in water it revealed that the levels of these metals in River Nile and Ismailia canal were found at critical limits that constitute a great potential health hazards. Also the analysis of Nile Tilapia fish collected from the same areas & on comparing with the recommended levels Revealed that these metals were found at serious concentrations many times higher than the levels of such metals in water which indicated that Bioaccumulation of these metals occurred which represents a potential health hazard for humans consuming these fishes. The effluents which are directly thrown down to these water by many factories found along the course of River Nile Ismailia canal are considered the main source of these metals.

[Mohamed M. Moustafa Abd El Aziz M, Abd El Meguid A. Z and Hussien A. M. Osman. Evaluation of some heavy metals pollution on Oreochromis niloticus in River Nile and Ismailia Canal. Researcher. 2011;3(2):75-79]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.11

Key words: River Nile – Ismailia canal – Heavy metals – Pollution – Nile Tilapia

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Microbiological Studies on Cultural, Physiological Characteristics and Antimicrobial Activities of Streptomyces Cyaneus-AZ-13Zc

Atta H.M.¹, El-Sehrawi M.H.², Awny N.M.³, El-Mesady N.I.³

 ^1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. The present address: Biotechnology Department. Faculty of Science and Education- Al-Khurmah, Taif University; KSA.

^2. Biotechnology Dept. Faculty of Science - Taif University; KSA.

^3. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt.

houssamatta@yahoo.com

Abstract: collected from different localities in Egypt. One of the actinomycete cultures (AZ-13Zc) from three cultures was found to produce a wide spectrum antimicrobial agent (anti-Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and unicellular fungi). The actinomycete AZ-13Zc could be isolated from a soil sample collected from Zefta district, Egypt. From the taxonomic features, the actinomycete isolate AZ-13Zc matches with Streptomyces cyaneus in the morphological, physiological and biochemical characters. Thus, it was given the suggested name Streptomyces cyaneus-AZ-13Zc. The parameters controlling the biosynthetic process of antimicrobial agent formation including: inoculum size, different pH values, different temperatures, different incubation period, and different carbon and nitrogen sources, potassium nitrate, K₂HPO₄, MgSO₄.7H₂O and KCl concentrations were fully investigates.

[Atta H.M., El-Sehrawi M.H., Awny N.M., El-Mesady N.I. Microbiological Studies on Cultural, Physiological Characteristics and Antimicrobial Activities of Streptomyces Cyaneus-AZ-13Zc. Researcher. 2011;3(2):80-90]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.12

Key words: Streptomyces cyaneus, Cultural, physiological activities, antimicrobial activity

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Study of hydrogeological potential in the basement areas in eastern Chad: a case study of Ouaddaï-Biltine

 Massing Oursingbé & Zhonghua Tang

 Department of Hydrogeology and Water Resources, School of Environment Studies

China University of Geosciences, 430074-Wuhan, Lumo Road 388, Hubei, China, massing.2@hotmail.com

 Abstract: This study carries on the assessing of the productivity of fissured aquifers of the regions of Ouaddaï and Biltine from an approach which takes into account climate variability, water balance, the thickness of regolith, the total depth of boreholes and the exploitation flow rates. An analysis of the hydrogeological parameters of 659 boreholes drillings was carried out. The results highlight four unfavourable zones as well as principal regional fractures direction associated with the recently opening of the Atlantic rift and the Red Sea. From this analysis it shows up clearly that the preferential targets of positive boreholes in the area of Ouaddaï-Biltine are the fractures with wide lengths oriented N60°E and N90°E. The analysis of depths of water inflows made it possible to highlight the presence of a shallow aquifer whose productive levels are located at a depth of 20 to 40m and a second productive level at a depth of 50m and more. The granite formations which constitute the majority of the geological formations are in general most productive. The best results are located in the pink granites and rhyolites and gray granite. The average flow rates of positive boreholes are range between 1.4 and 1.6m³/h in the north and move between 3 and 4.4m³/h in the south. These results contribute to make known the groundwater potentialities. They direct the future hydrogeological prospection for an economic boreholes establishment in this region.

[Massing Oursingbé, Zhonghua Tang. Study of hydrogeological potential in the basement areas in eastern Chad: a case study of Ouaddaï-Biltine. Researcher. Researcher. 2011;3(2):91-100]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.13

Key words: Borehole drilling, success rates, rural water supply, basement, geophysical survey

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 Immunopathologic study of fixed drug eruption

Iman Abd El Fattah Seleit^*1, Mohamed Ahmed Basha¹, Nansy Youssef Asaad², Ola Ahmed Amin¹

 Department of Dermatology and Andrology¹ and Pathology², Faculty of Medicine Menoufiya University

iman.seleit@yahoo.com^*

Abstract: Background: Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a common drug induced dermatosis that can be caused by a variety of drugs. Although effector and regulatory T cells play a role in progression and resolution of FDE, little in vivo data exist regarding T cell dynamics in its pathogenesis. Objectives: To through light on the immunopathogenesis of FDE through studying the participation of CD8+, CD4+ T cells and HLA-DR antigen in the pathogenesis of lesions. The role of serum Ca was studied. Patients and methods: Thirty skin biopsy specimens from FDE skin lesions were used (16 active lesions& 14 healed lesions). Thirty biopsy specimens from thirty age and sex matched healthy subjects were used as a control group. Histopathological examination of hematoxylin& eosin-stained sections included analysis and scoring of histopathological parameters was done. Expression of CD4, CD8 and HLA-DR antigens was examined immunohistochemically. Blood samples were collected from patients and control subjects for assesment of serum calcium. Results: Active lesions showed interface dermatitis and dermal inflammatory infiltrate. Positive immunostaining was observed in both epidermis and dermis for HLA-DR, CD4 and CD8 antigens. Healed lesions showed epidermal atrophy and dermal inflammatory infiltrate. Positive immunostaining was observed in both epidermis and dermis for HLA-DR, CD4 and CD8 antigens. Such results were absent in control sections. Both total and ionized Ca2+ were significantly lower in patients than control subjects. Conclusions: Activation of T cells residing in resting FDE lesions by ingestion of the causative drug results in epidermal injury possibly through the production of IFN-γ.

[Iman Abd El Fattah Seleit, Mohamed Ahmed Basha, Nansy Youssef Asaad, Ola Ahmed Amin. Immunopathologic study of fixed drug eruption. Researcher. 2011;3(2):101-109]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.14

 Keywords: FDE, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, IFN-γ

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Caulerpa prolifera ameliorates the impact of dyslipidemia – induced oxidative stress and inflammation.

Hanna, H. Ahmed^1,*, Mohga, S. Abdalla², Emad, F. Eskander¹, Manal, F. Al-Khadragy³, Mary, N. Massoud¹

 1: Hormones Department , National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

2: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.

3: Zoology and Entomology Department Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.

hanaaomr@yahoo.com, mary_nasif@yahoo.com

 Abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of Caulerpa prolifera methanolic extract in management of dyslipidemia and its complications in female rats. Forty adult Sprague Dawley rats were enrolled in the present study and they were assigned as lean control group; dyslipidemic control group; lean rats treated with C.prolifera methanolic extract (50 mg/kg b.wt), and dyslipidemic rats treated with C.prolifera methanolic extract for 4 months. The results revealed that the treatment of dyslipidemic rats with C.prolifera resulted in significant reduction in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL level accompanied with significant elevation in plasma HDL level. Also, C.prolifera extract induced significant deacrease in serum MDA and inorganic free radical (NO) levels in dyslipidemic rats. Furthermore, Administration of C.prolifera extract in dyslipidemic animals produced significant depletion in serum leptin and TNF-α level associated with significant rise in serum adiponectin level. These results indicated that C.prolifera extract has played a vital role in ameliorating dyslipidemia and its complications particularly oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings may provide new concept for development of effective natural therapy for dyslipidemia and its associated serious complications.

[Hanna, H. Ahmed, Mohga, S. Abdalla, Emad, F. Eskander, Manal, F. Al-Khadragy, Mary, N. Massoud. Caulerpa prolifera ameliorates the impact of dyslipidemia – induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Researcher. 2011;3(2):110-119]. (ISSN: 1553-9865).

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.15

 Key words: Dyslipidemia, Nitric oxide, oxidative stress, antioxidant, Caulerpa prolifera

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 Clinical And Immunological Assessment Of Activity In Graves' Ophthalmopathy

Elham Ragab Abdel-Samee¹, Elhadidy Mohammed Elhadidy², Manal Mostafa Tarshoby², Mohammed Sherif Abdel-Gawad², Sahar Mostafa Tarshoby³

 1 .Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

2. Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

3. Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

elhmaelngar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder, which is characterized by hyperthyroidism, goiter and in some cases ophthalmopathy. Patients with serious inflammatory Graves' ophthalmopathy should be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs or radiotherapy to prevent complications, while those with extraocular muscle dysfunction at the stage of fibrosis and proptosis does not generally respond well to corticosteroid, thus treated surgically. The aim of this work is to know whether a patient has active or quiescent Graves' ophthalmopathy as it is often difficult however to distinguish inflammatory from non inflammatory Graves' disease. The present study compromised 40 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy selected from Out Patient Clinic in Mansoura University Hospital, and 15 healthy volunteers as control. All control subjects and patients were subjected to the following: Complete history taking, complete general examination, thyroid examination and neurological examination, Clinical activity scoring, Orbital ultrasonography. Thyroid function test: T3, T4, TSH, sICAM-1, gIFN, IL-2 serum level, CD3, CD4, CD8 in the peripheral blood. Using orbital U.S. 70% of our patients with active Graves' ophthalmopathy have a low extraocular muscle reflectivity. Also there were significant elevation of CAS, sICAM-1, IL-2 and gIFN in patient with positive U.S. compared to those with negative U.S. in active Graves ophthalmopathy. Serum levels of sICAM-1 were significantly high in patients with Graves' disease than controls. And it is higher in patients with active Graves' ophthalmopathy. In addition, there was significant high level of both IL-2 and gIFN in patients with active Graves' ophthalmopathy than inactive one. Also they positively correlated with sICAM-1 level and CAS. CAS is a good tool for differentiation between active and inactive Graves' ophthalmopathy and can be strengthened by orbital U.S. as well as sICAM-1, IL-2 and gIFN. On the other hand, T cell subsets were found to be of little help in differentiation between active and inactive disease status. 

[Elham Ragab Abdel-Samee, Elhadidy Mohammed Elhadidy, Manal Mostafa Tarshoby, Mohammed Sherif Abdel-Gawad, Sahar Mostafa Tarshoby: Assessment of Graves' opthalmopathy activity. Researcher. 2011;3(2):120-129]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj030211.16

 Keywords: Graves' opthalmopathy, sICAM, Interleukin 2, proptosis, gamma Interferon

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