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Study On Geology And Geomorphology

*Akoijam Linthoi Devi And **Dr. Bhuvnesh Kumari     

*Research Scholar, Department of Earth Science, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

**Associate Professor, Department of Earth Science, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

Email: Linthoiakoijam2014@gmail.com

Abstract: The greater part of the study area is covered with metamorphic crystalline rocks of Archaean age belonging to the Charnockite-Khondalite group. Overlying the Archaeans are the fossiliferous Upper Cretaceous formations mainly occurring around 10 km N.W of Vridhachalam and between the Red hills of Pondicherry and the high ground of Tiruvakkarai. Overlying the Cretaceous rocks are the Cuddalore formations of MioPliocene age. These comprise sandstone of often-ferruginous pebble bed, sand and clay with lignite seams at places and silicified wood at other places. These in turn, are overlain by the rocks of the Coromandal formation of Holocene age occurring as long linear bands along the northeastern coast around Marakkanam. During sub recent to recent times, there has been the deposition of alluvium, coastal sands and lateritic soil.

[Devi, A.L. and Kumari, B. STUDY ON GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY. Rep Opinion 2024;16(12):1-4]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 01. doi:10.7537/marsroj161224.01

Keywords: Geomorphology; Geology; Silica Sands

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Study On Self-Efficacy Of Teachers In Teaching

*Amila Huidrom  and **Dr. Vivek Upadhyay

*Research Scholar, Department of Education, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

**Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

Email: amilahuidrom@gmail.com

Abstract: Teachers’ effectiveness depends on various things and self-efficacy is one of them. The construct of self-efficacy was coined by psychologist Albert Bandura in his social cognitive theory. Self-efficacy refers to one’s belief about his/her capabilities to accomplish specific tasks. Teachers who have a high sense of belief in their teaching capabilities will achieve higher goals while teachers who have a low sense of belief in their capabilities will be under the shadow of fear of failures. Over the last four decades, researchers have thrown the light on teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching and learning and established it as one of the important effective constructs. Self-efficacy plays a vital role for teachers to accomplish their goals, tasks, and how they approach instructional challenges. Teachers with a low self-efficacy evade challenging activities, take creative activities and situations as difficult to do, take most of the things negative and lose confidence in their abilities while teachers with a high self efficacy welcome challenging activities as to be mastered, create deeper interest in their activities, develops a high sense of commitments and mend swiftly from failures. The purpose of this study is to review the construct of teachers’ self-efficacy and its importance in teachers’ effectiveness.

[Huidrom, A. and Upadhyay, V. STUDY ON SELF-EFFICACY OF TEACHERS IN TEACHING. Rep Opinion 2024;16(12):5-8]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 02. doi:10.7537/marsroj161224.02

Key Words: Self-efficacy; Teacher Self-efficacy; Measurement of Teacher Self-efficacy

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Assessment of Tree Canopy Cover on Urban Heat Island Effect in Owerri Metropolis, Nigeria

*Japheth, H.D., Azubuike, N.O. and Nwanoli, M.S. ¹

Department of Forestry and Wildlife Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Owerri-Nigeria.

* Corresponding: daujaph@gmail.com; +234 8068347777

ABSTRACT: Cities are facing rising temperatures due to global warming and fast urban growth. This study focused on the Owerri metropolis in Imo state, Nigeria, seeking to examine the influence of tree canopy cover on urban heat island effects and to comprehend the local community's perception of tree canopy cover. Two hundred fifty semi-structured questionnaires were administered to participants in sampled locations within the Owerri urban area through purposive and random sampling techniques. The results of the research indicate that planting trees (42.3%) strategically, including various species such as native (34.5%)), exotic (12.8%), fruit (42.6%), and ornamental species, helps reduce high temperatures to levels of comfort as perceived by 23.6% of the respondents. Trees are vital for providing shade, which helps lower Urban Heat Island effects, decrease energy usage, improve air quality, and aid evapotranspiration to cool the surrounding air. To increase tree canopy coverage in residential areas across the state, it is recommended that governmental entities, NGOs, and key stakeholders create and execute tree planting policies, as indicated by 80.4% of survey participants. Establishing precise yearly goals for tree planting projects can be a successful tactic to increase tree coverage, ultimately leading to a better quality of life for city residents.

[Japheth, H.D., Azubuike, N.O., and Nwanoli, M.S. Assessment of Tree Canopy Cover on Urban Heat Island Effect in Owerri Metropolis, Nigeria. Rep Opinion 2024;16(12):9-18]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 03. doi:10.7537/marsroj161224.03

Keywords: Environmental; Heat; Population; Tree-cover; Urbanization.

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Milankovitch cycles — Basics of Monsoon Time Scales: Formulation of New Mexican Monsoon Time Scale

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

E-mail: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Introduction:  According to the Milankovitch cycle, the angle of the Earth's axial tilt (obliquity) regarding the orbital plane (the obliquity of the ecliptic) varies between 22.1° and 24.5°, over a cycle of about 41,000 years. The current tilt is 23.44°, roughly halfway between its extreme values. Milankovitch cycles are a series of periodic changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun that affect the amount of solar radiation the Earth receives, which in turn influences climate change. This tilt does not remain constant at 23.44°.  It oscillates up and down and slowly moves to 24.5°. The oscillation of up and down will be about 85 years, according to the Monsoon Time Scales. That is, about 60 years up, 25 years down, in total oscillating once every about 85 years. When it moves up to 22.1°, droughts and famines occur, and when it moves up to 24.5°, heavy rains and floods occur. Oscillating in this way, it slowly moves forward. All this can be clearly observed in the Monsoon Time Scales. If this is true, then we are close to reaching 24.5°, So, are there going to be more climate changes in the coming centuries? What are the Milankovitch Cycles?  What is their importance in the study of climate changes? How they determine the scientific accuracy of Global Monsoon Time Scales?  What is the relationship between Milankovitch cycles and Global Monsoon Time Scales? What are the new things that can be learned by Global Monsoon Time Scales? What is the need to establish the New Mexican Monsoon Time Scale to unravel the mysteries of the New Mexican Monsoon?  Let's discuss in this paper. I call on world scientists to establish the New Mexican Monsoon Time Scale  following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice and  break down the mysteries of the New Mexican monsoon.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Milankovitch cycles — Basics of Monsoon Time Scales : Formulation of New Mexican Monsoon Time Scale. Rep Opinion 2024;16(12):19-73]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 04. doi:10.7537/marsroj161224.04

Keywords: Bioforecast(1965-70), A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77), Inquisition(1977-79), Basics of Geoscope (1980-87), Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91), Indian Monsoon Time Scale(1991), Researches on Earth and space related issues(1991-2000), Numerical Weather Periodic Tables (2000-10), Designs of Geoscope projects (2010-20), Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2020-).

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