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Investigation of the Association between Disclosure and Bid-Ask Spread

Amene S. Kandelousi, (Corresponding), Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia, E-mail: ameneh.sh83@gmail.com

Mohd Norfian Alifiah, Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia, E-mail: mohdnorfian@management.utm.my

Ali Karimiyana, Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia, E-mail: alikermany210@gmail.com

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between voluntary information and bid-ask spread. This study utilizes 134 firm-year observations from registered companies in Tehran Stock Exchange in 2013. We use hand-collected dataset of voluntary information from annual reports by using the disclosure index of Botosan (1997). The findings of this study show that bid-ask spread is lower for firms with the high amount of voluntary information. These findings suggest that firms with larger trading volume and greater market value had lower bid-ask spread.

[Amene S. Kandelousi, Mohd Norfian Alifiah, Ali Karimiyana. Investigation of the Association between Disclosure and Bid-Ask Spread. Rep Opinion 2024;16(9):1-6]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 01. doi:10.7537/marsroj160924.01.

Keywords: Voluntary Information, Bid-Ask Spread, Information Asymmetric, And Adverse Selection

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The Role of Attachment Styles, Coping Skills and Resiliency in the Internet-Addicted Users

Azadeh Rasouli Rad¹, Mohammad Ali Rahmani², Taiebeh Yeganeh*³

1. M.A student in Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad university, Tonekabon, Iran

2. Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad university, Tonekabon, Iran

3. Young researchers club, Tonekabon branch, Islamic Azad university, Tonekabon, Iran

 ^*Taiebeh_yeganeh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Considering the investigation on theoretical background and ambiguous role of attachment style and coping skills in explaining the resiliency, the present study was carried out with the aim of examining the role of attachment styles and coping skills with resiliency in internet-addicted users, so that it would cover the research gap existing in this area. This research is a descriptive study. The research design of the study is of the predictive type plans in correlation studies. Two variables of attachment styles and coping styles, predictor variables and resiliency are the criterion variables. The study sample of the present research includes all the people referred to the internet service provider centers of the city of Rasht in year 2013 that a total number of 200 persons were selected as the study samples using multi-stage cluster random sampling. In order to collect the data, the questionnaires of attachment styles (AAI), Lazars coping skills questionnaire, Connor and Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RISC), and Yang's Internet Addiction Test were used. Pearson's correlation and regression were used for data analysis. Results showed that there are a significant statistical relation between attachment styles and coping styles and resiliency. These two variables could also predict a 39/0 resiliency of the people addicted to the Internet.

[Azadeh Rasouli Rad, Mohammad Ali Rahmani, Taiebeh Yeganeh. The Role of Attachment Styles, Coping Skills and Resiliency in the Internet-Addicted Users. Rep Opinion 2024;16(9):7-11]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 02. doi:10.7537/marsroj160924.02.

Keywords: Attachment Styles, Coping Skills, Resiliency, People addicted to the Internet

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A Study on the Effect of Indian Literature through Translation into Persian Language in Iran

Moloud shagholi

MA in English Translation, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

moloudshagholi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Relations, interactions, and cultural commonalities of Iran and India date back to more than three thousand years before and Aryans immigration. The evidence of this claim in the ancient era is the mythical commonalities. The relations of Iran and the Indian subcontinent, before Islam, have been based on common race, common language, and common customs. Iran and Indian subcontinent established through Dari Persian language the same relation that had established through Pahlavi, Avestan and Sanskrit languages before Islam. Translation and gaining alien words and translative interpretations are bred by clash of languages with together which stems from clash of cultures, and this clash and bind of cultures and languages with together is a quite natural and inevitable matter; because there is no language and culture that has not been influenced by other languages and cultures yet its intensity varies. As a language is richer and more powerful in terms of scientific, cultural, economic, and social aspects, it lends more words and concepts to other languages; and as a nation is more dependent upon another country in terms scientific, technical, economic, and political matters, it borrows more words and concepts from that country. This paper will study the probable effect of Indian literature on the Persian language from the perspective of translation.     

[Moloud shagholi. A Study on the Effect of Indian Literature through Translation into Persian Language in Iran. Rep Opinion 2024;16(9):12-20]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 03. doi:10.7537/marsroj160924.03.

Key words: effect of literature, translation, Indian literature, Persian Literature, cultural interactions

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What will the weather conditions be like in 2024 ? and Indian Monsoon Time Scale

Gangadhar

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract: There are many mysteries and unsolved issues in the monsoonal climate and Weather systems that cannot explain and solve. I proposed and designed the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales for all world global, regional, local monsoon systems along with countries for unraveling the mysteries of climate, weather, monsoons; studying the characteristics of mechanism of climate, weather and monsoons and exercising the benefits of mankind and development of monsoonal climate and weather sciences.  Based on the available data analysis of the Monsoon Time Scale when observing and examining the monsoonal track carefully since last 1880, we can note that- By 1880, the monsoonal track at peak and caused heavy rains and floods. Between 1900-1930,it was traveled in the low position and caused droughts and famines, Again 1930-85, it was traveling in the upper position and caused heavy rains and floods. Again 1985-2010, it was traveled in the lower position and caused droughts and famines. At present, the monsoonal track has been traveling upwards since 2010. Based on this monsoonal track observations of past, it is estimated that there will be climate changes in the coming years "i.e" heavy rains and floods will occur until around 2075 and droughts and famines will occur until 2150 all over the world countries.  Through the establishment of Monsoon Time Scales, we can know the future consequences of the climate changes. Plans can be made accordingly. So, scientists can establish the Monsoon Time Scale and predict what is going to happen in the monsoonal climate in the coming years roughly. I call on the world scientists to establish the Indian Monsoon Time Scale following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice which can help to study the past, present and future conditions of the Indian monsoon.

[Gangadhar. What will the weather conditions be like in 2024 ? and Indian Monsoon Time Scale. Rep Opinion 2024;16(9):21-76]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 04. doi:10.7537/marsroj160924.04.

Keywords:   Global Monsoons Time Scales, North American Monsoon Time Scale, North African Monsoon Time Scale, Indian Monsoons Time Scale, East Asian Monsoon Time Scale, Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale, South American Monsoon Time Scale, South African Monsoon Time Scale, Australian Monsoon Time Scale, European Monsoon Time Scale.

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