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Incidence Of Escherichia Coli Associated With Effluent From Wupa Sewage Treatment Plant On The Surrounding Water Body.

Adayi, Florence Iyaji

Department of Microbiology, Uniersity of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Abuja, Nigeria.

Email: florenceadayi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Incidence of Escherichia coli associated with effluent from wupa sewage treatment plant on the surrounding water body was conducted. Ten (15) water samples were collected from Wupa river, with five (5) each from the upstream, downstream and point of effluent discharge into the river and screened for the incidence of Escherichia coli. One milliliter of sample was dissolved in 10 ml sterilized distilled water. Ten-fold dilutions of the samples were made up to 10^-6 and some 0.1 ml was inoculated on Nutrient agar (10^-6) and MacConkey agar (10^-3) as well as Eosin Methylene Blue agar (10^-3) using the spread plate method. The inoculated plates were incubated at 37 ⁰C for 24 hours and were subsequently sub cultured to obtain pure isolates. The resulting total aerobic bacterial loads in upstream station of Wupa River before discharge point showed that, the resulting colonies range from 1.06×10⁹±0.20 Cfu/ml to 1.23×10⁹±0.21 Cfu/ml while the coliform ranges from 2.65×10⁸±0.21 Cfu/ml to 2.9×10⁸±0.28 Cfu/ml. Similarly, the total aerobic bacterial loads in downstream of Wupa river after effluent discharge point showed that, the resulting colonies range from 1.40×10⁹±0.30 Cfu/ml to 1.80×10⁹±0.21 Cfu/ml while the coliform ranges from 2.60×10⁸±0.22 Cfu/ml to 2.80×10⁸±0.28 Cfu/ml. However, the total aerobic bacterial loads at the point of effluent discharge to the River showed that, the resulting colonies range from 8.20×10⁸±0.28 Cfu/ml to 9.40×10⁸±0.22 Cfu/ml while the coliform ranges from 2.10×10⁷±0.11 Cfu/ml to 2.40×10⁷±0.14 Cfu/ml. A total of ten (10) Escherichia coli were isolated from this study and, maximum of six (6) were isolated from the upstream, and three (3) from the downstream of the Wupa river after effluent discharge point while point of effluent discharge to the river had only one (1) incidence of E. coli. This indicator organism shown there feacal contamination in the River. Hence, the need for need for proper management and purification of the effluent before discharging it to the stream.

[Adayi, Florence Iyaji. Incidence Of Escherichia Coli Associated With Effluent From Wupa Sewage Treatment Plant On The Surrounding Water Body. Rep Opinion 2024;16(7):1-6]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 01. doi:10.7537/marsroj160724.01.

Keywords: Escherichia coli, Wupa, Effluent

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT IN RELATION TO SOME PERSONAL AND ORGANIsATIONAL VARIABLES

*Priyanka and **Dr. Rahul Garg

*Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

**Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

priyankasugoor@gmail.com

Abstract: Business organizations in their work environment, aspire to create a high level of performance and low levels of absenteeism and turnover. Organizational commitment is considered a key factor in achieving this objective, however, it can be conditioned by several factors, among which is the psychological contract. The literature has related the organizational commitment with the fulfillment of the psychological contract framing it as one of the explanatory variables. This work aims to investigate research trends on psychological contract and organizational commitment. For this purpose, bibliometric techniques and the software SciMAT have been used. 220 journal articles indexed in Web of Science (WoS) were analyzed. The findings indicate that the theme chosen for this review is valid. Based on the relationship between the two concepts, as the most recurrent themes, issues such as the sense of justice and the consequences of the violation of the psychological contract, normative commitment, HR management or job insecurity are addressed. However, in the last period analyzed (2015–2018), publications related to more sensitive topics to the present time emerge, such as the employability or the impact of these two concepts in the new generations (millennial and generation-Y) or the retention of talent. 

[Priyanka and Garg, R. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT IN RELATION TO SOME PERSONAL AND ORGANIsATIONAL VARIABLES. Rep Opinion 2024;16(7):7-10]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report.

02. doi:10.7537/marsroj160724.02.

Keywords: REVIEW OF LITERATURE, ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT IN RELATION TO SOME PERSONAL AND ORGANIsATIONAL VARIABLES

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL BANKS

*Mahesh and **Dr. Rahul Garg

*Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

**Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

Email: mkareddy@gmail.com

Abstract: An institution which accepts deposits, makes business loans, and offers related services. Commercial banks also allow for a variety of deposit accounts, such as checking, savings, and time deposit. These institutions are run to make a profit and owned by a group of individuals, yet some may be members of the Federal Reserve System. While commercial banks offer services to individuals, they are primarily concerned with receiving deposits and lending to businesses. Bank that offers a broad range of deposit accounts, including checking, savings and time deposits and extends loans to individuals and business. Commercial banks can be contrasted with investment banking firms, such as brokerage firms, which generally are involved in arranging for the sale of corporate or municipal securities.

[Mahesh and Garg, R. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL BANKS. Rep Opinion 2024;16(7):11-15]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 03. doi:10.7537/marsroj160724.03.

Keywords: REVIEW OF LITERATURE, CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT, COMMERCIAL BANKS

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Indian Monsoon Time Scale & its exploration of climate change

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Google/Phone pay A/C No. +91 630 557 1833

Abstract: European monsoon is a key system in  global monsoon systems. I have conducted many scientific researches on this monsoon system  and as a part these researches, I proposed and designed the Basics of European Monsoon Time Scale  which can help to study the past, present and future movements and conditions of the European monsoon. In the current year 2022, the pre-path of Indian summer monsoon was traveling upwards and reached to the 29th June. Below this, the main-path of Indian summer monsoon also traveled upwards parallel to the pre-path of Indian summer monsoon with a difference of about 30 days and reached to the 29th July, As it moves further up, changes in the climate are likely increasing and there are more chances of heavy rains and floods in the coming years.

[Mahesh and Garg, R. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL BANKS. Rep Opinion 2024;16(7):16-133]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 04. doi:10.7537/marsroj160724.04.

Keywords:   Global Monsoons Time Scales, North American Monsoon Time Scale, North African Monsoon Time Scale, Indian Monsoons Time Scale, East Asian Monsoon Time Scale, Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale, South American Monsoon Time Scale, South African Monsoon Time Scale, Australian Monsoon Time Scale, European Monsoon Time Scale.

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