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Khat Chewing Habit among Lecturers of Dire Dawa University

Mustefa JIBRIL

School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dire Dawa Institute of Technology, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

mustefa.jibril@ddu.edu.et

Abstract: Khat Chewing is the most important preventable cause of mental problems worldwide. Studies have shown that initiating khat chewing early in life is associated with increased risk for serious health outcomes. Aim of the Study: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of chewing khat among lecturers of Dire Dawa University in Dire Dawa City, to determine the ecological factors for the problem, and to show the instructors knowledge about chewing khat effects. Subjects and Methods: The study was cross sectional study. It was conducted in September 2021.The sample of study (n = 377) were included, with response rate = 80.01%. Data collected via personal interview and filling a questionnaire which was prepared after reviewing literature for similar studies. RESULTS: Males comprised (88.2%) of the respondent lecturers who chew khat with a highly significant difference (P < 0.001) between males and females as regards chewing khat. Year of teaching experience, teaching achievement and family history of khat chewing had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on lecturers’ chewer. Of the studied khat chewer lecturers 35.6% reported that they chew both day and night. 66.7% of chewer lecturers reported that they had the intention to stop chewing and 82.4% considered chewing khat as hazardous. CONCLUSION: Khat chewing among lecturers is considered a problem and efforts are needed to help lecturers to quit chewing khat.

[Mustefa JIBRIL. Khat Chewing Habit among Lecturers of Dire Dawa University. Rep Opinion 2021;13(11): 1-5]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print);ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1.

doi:10.7537/marsroj131121.01.

Keywords: Khat; lecturers; prevalence; Dire Dawa, Ecological factors

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Natural rubber production and its Import- Export Policy

*Monika Manchanda and **Dr. Naresh Pratap

*Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

**Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

Email: manchandamona11@gmail.com

Abstract: Self-sufficiency had been the main focus of development plans in NR sector till the last decade. Though importance of self-sufficiency cannot be reduced, competitiveness and sustainability have to be considered while setting up goals and formulating strategies pertaining to Rubber production in the country. NR consumption in the country in 2030 is projected at around 2.00 million tonne. It is envisaged that the domestic production is able to meet at least 75% of the NR requirement in 2030. In order to attain the projected production, average annual new planting and replanting would be to the tune of at least 8,000 ha and 10,000 ha respectively. Efforts would be made to get all the available mature area under rubber tapped.

[Manchanda, M. and Yadav, A. Natural rubber production and its Import- Export Policy. Rep    Opinion 2021;13(11):6-8]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print);ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 2. doi:10.7537/marsroj131121.02.

Keywords: Natural Rubber, Status, India, Productivity.

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Towards Conservation of Coastal Wetlands: An Assessment of the Ecological Health Status of a Neglected Lagoon in Ghana

Margaret Fafa Awushie Akwetey^a,b*, Sika Abrokwah^b, Richard Adade^b, Gertrude Lucky Aku Dali^c, Ivy Serwaa Gyimah Akuoko^b

a.                   Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences - African Union Centre of Excellence in Marine Fisheries and Coastal Management, University of Cape Coast, Ghana

b.                   Centre for Coastal Management - Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience (ACECoR), University of Cape Coast, Ghana

c.                    Department of Environmental Science, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana

*Corresponding author: Margaret Fafa Awushie Akwetey, Email address: mfakwetey@ucc.edu.gh; Postal address: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana

Abstract: Coastal wetlands are important ecosystems that support biological communities and human populations. Anthropogenic activities have over the years affected these coastal wetlands globally leading to a loss of about 50% of these areas. There have therefore been calls to conserve these wetlands in order to sustain future generations. However, data to support conservation efforts on most of these ecosystems is lacking.  The ecological health status of an aquatic system is one indicator that can form the basis of conservation or restoration actions.  In Ghana, the Brenu Lagoon in the Central Region has been neglected in terms of ecological health research over the years. This study therefore aimed at assessing the ecological health of the Brenu lagoon using benthic macroinvertebrates. The study showed that the lagoon is hypersaline and moderately polluted with a dominance of two stress-tolerant species – Capitella Capitata and Ampithoe sp. The current state of pollution of the lagoon may be associated with waste disposal and agricultural activities within the catchment of the lagoon. Further studies are required to establish the linkage between these activities and the state of the lagoon on the basis of which remedial actions can be taken. 

[Margaret Fafa Awushie Akwetey, Sika Abrokwah, Richard Adade, Gertrude Lucky Aku Dali, Ivy Serwaa Gyimah Akuoko. Towards Conservation of Coastal Wetlands: An Assessment of the Ecological Health Status of a Neglected Lagoon in Ghana. Rep Opinion 2021;13(11):9-20]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205   (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report.   3. doi:10.7537/marsroj131121.03.

Keywords: Benthic, Conservation, Ecological, Health, Macroinvertebrates

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The Impact of Long-lasting Insecticides Nets on the Entomological     Inoculation Rate of Anopheles gambiae in some Rural Communities of the FCT Abuja Nigeria.

J.A Ayeni, Y.D Malann, C.A Olanrewaju, H.U Wintola

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, PMB 119 Abuja Nigeria

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, PMB 119 Abuja Nigeria

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, PMB 119 Abuja Nigeria

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, PMB 119 Abuja Nigeria

Abstract: The study on the Impact of Long-lasting Insecticides Net on the Entomological Inoculation Rate of Anopheles gambiae in some communities of the FCT was carried out from April 2019 to March 2020 to access the influence of Long-lasting insecticides treated net on the level of malaria transmission. Pyrethrum spray catches and CDC light trapping methods were used to collect mosquitos three times in a month in households with net and without net. The collected mosquitos were sorted out into genera, with Anopheles further identified to species level, The relative abundance of mosquito genera in Paiko was 76.28% Culex, 21.76% Anopheles,1.96% Aedes in Dukpa Culex constitute 73.79%, Anopheles 23.26%, Aedes 2.96% respectively. The mean man biting rate estimated in both sentinel sites were numerically lower in netted households than non-netted households with a statistical significance difference of P=0.0317 (<0.05) in Paiko and P=0.0374 (<0.05) in Dukpa. The mean sporozoite rate were also numerically higher in netted households than non-netted households in both sentinel site with no statistically significant difference of P=0.559 (>0.05) in Paiko and P=0.702 (>0.05) in Dukpa. The annual entomological inoculation rate in netted households and non-netted households in Paiko were 1.78, 10.52 and in Dukpa, 8.09 and 27.47 infective bite per person per year respectively indicating a stable malaria transmission.

[ Joshua Ayokunle Ayeni, David Yoila Malann, Comfort Adetutu Olanrewaju, Haulatu Umaru Wintola. The Impact of Long-lasting Insecticides Nets on the Entomological     Inoculation Rate of Anopheles gambiae in some rural communities of the FCT Abuja Nigeria. Rep    Opinion 2021;13(11):21-26]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print);ISSN 2375-7205 (online).  http://www.sciencepub.net/report.   4.doi:10.7537/marsroj131121.04.

key words Long lasting insecticide net, Entomological inoculation rate, Anopheles gambiae

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Use of Approximate Dynamic Programming to solve problems that arises in appointment system in the health care facility.

Odunayo Ajala

haywhy013@gmail.com

Abstract: With the goal to develop a model that prescribes the optimal appointment date for a patient at the moment this patient makes his request. We modelled the scheduling process as an MDP. By standard, value iteration is used to solve MDPs but it is computationally infeasible to solve our MDP to optimality due to the curse of dimensionality Value iteration suffers from. We therefore employed an ADP technique, in order to derive an estimate of the optimal value function of our MDP. We simulated our initial policy to determine  and we keep track of the last S states that are visited. These states are added to what we call the list of important states with probability 0.2. We apply the k-means clustering algorithm to the list of important states to determine the set of representative states. From the scheduling process over three working days, we see no substantial difference between the number of last states (S) and clusters(K).

[Odunayo Ajala. Use of Approximate Dynamic Programming to solve problems that arises in appointment system in the health care facility.Rep    Opinion 2021;13(11):27-32]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print);ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report.   5.doi:10.7537/marsroj131121.05.

Keywords: Use; Approximate; Dynamic; Programming; solve; problem; appointment; system; health; Facility

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The Comparison of Developing Self Esteem Among Dire Dawa University Male Technology Students

Mustefa JIBRIL

School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dire Dawa Institute of Technology, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

mustefa.jibril@ddu.edu.et

Abstract: This study aimed to compare the levels of self-esteem among Dire Dawa University Male Technology students for the program of computer science (CS), Information Technology (IT), Computer Engineering (CE). Subjects for this study were randomly selected. 90 students (30 in Computer Science, 30 in Information Technology, and a 30-in Computer Engineering) were selected as the subjects for this study. The self-esteem of the assessment, so that the student has been Prepared by Rekha Agnihotri self-confidence Inventory (ASCI). For the comparison between groups at a value of 0.05, for a one-factor, an ANOVA test was performed. The results show that when a difference was found between the different disciplines of the male students had a higher level of self-esteem (p) Based on the results obtained, the conclusion was that the mean self-esteem scores of the students in Information Technology (27.57) are higher than that of the students in the Computer Science and Computer Engineering.

[Mustefa JIBRIL. The Comparison of Developing Self Esteem Among Dire Dawa University Male Technology Students. Rep Opinion 2021;13(11):33-36]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 6. doi:10.7537/marsroj131121.06.

Keywords: Self-esteem, Computer Science, Information Technology and Computer Engineering

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A Comparative Study of Multinomial Logistic Regression and Artificial Neural Network Classifier with Application to Patient Data

Ejeh, Ominyi Samuel and Alabi, Olatayo Olusegun

dataspace1011@gmail.com

Abstract: Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) model and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are widely used in predictive studies of data for various diseases. This research compares the performance of MLR models and ANN (Multilayer Perceptron, MLP) models using TB/HIV co-infected patients’ data. The tools used are Goodness of fit, Pseudo R 2 measurement, Likelihood ratio test, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria, Wald test, and Classification comparison of all patients’ variables. The effect of the three regimens does not have significant to TB preventive therapy for TB/HIV co-infected adults. The research established that ANN model classifies the dataset better than the MLR because overall prediction percentage was absolutely better. Moreover, after classifying both the MLR and ANN (MLP), it was observed that the training and testing process through Multilayer Perceptron of the dataset reveals that ANN performed better than the MLR.

[Ejeh, Ominyi Samuel and Alabi, Olatayo Olusegun. A Comparative Study of Multinomial Logistic Regression and Artificial Neural Network Classifier with Application to Patient Data. Rep Opinion 2021;13(11):37-49]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print);ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 7. doi:10.7537/marsroj131121.07.

Keywords: Multinomial logistic regression, Artificial neural network, machine learning

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