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Evaluation of the effects of basal and foliar application of Zn, Mn and B on seed yield, yield components of soybean

Esmaeil Yasari¹, Abdolreza Foroutan², Abed vahedi³ and Saedeh Mozafari⁴, Maryam Saeedi⁵

¹ Agriculture Department, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran

² Plant Protection Department of Agricultural & Natural Resources Research Center of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran.

³ Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.

⁴ Jihade- Agricultural Organization of Mazandaran, Iran.

⁵Wood and Paper Industries, Mazandaran, Iran. av1790@hotmail.com

Abstract: In order to study the effects of application of zinc, boron, and manganese through spraying them on the crop or by incorporating them in the soil on soybean seed yield and on yield components, an experiment was carried out in Dasht-e-Naz in Sari using the factorial design with 16 treatments and 4 replications in the cropping seasons 2009 to 2010. The treatments were as follows: T1=control; T2= Zns; T3=Mns; T4=Bs; T5=Zns; T6=Zns+Bf; T7=Zns+Mnf; T8=Zns+Znf; T9=Mns; T10=Mns+Bf; T11=Mns+Mnf; T12=Mns+Znf; T13=Bs; T14=Bs+Bf; T15=Bs+Mns; T16=Bs+Znf. Results of means comparison showed that the highest number of pods on the main stem (41.31) was obtained when manganese was incorporated in the soil. Moreover, the maximum number of seeds per pod (2.96) was achieved when zinc was incorporated in the soil. Furthermore, the biggest 1000 seed weight (150.5 g) belonged to the treatment in which zinc was sprayed on the crop. These results also showed that, among the treatments in which the micronutrients were incorporated in the soil, the highest seed yield (152.9 g.m^-2) was harvested when manganese was incorporated in the soil; and among the treatments in which the micronutrients were sprayed on the crop, the highest seed yield (146.3 g.m^-2) was obtained when zinc was sprayed on the crop. Results of the mutual effects of the data also showed that the highest seed yield among all the treatments (170.7 g.m^-2) belonged to the one in which manganese was incorporated in the soil and zinc was sprayed on the crop. Next to this treatment, manganese incorporation in the soil and sprayed on the crop (153 g.m^-2), and in third place was the treatment in which manganese was incorporated in the soil and boron was sprayed on the crop (149 g.m^-2). The lowest seed yield was harvested in the control treatment (88 g.m^-2).

[Esmaeil Yasari, Abdolreza Foroutan, Abed vahedi, Saedeh Mozafari and Maryam Saeedi. Evaluation of the effects of basal and foliar application of Zn, Mn and B on seed yield, yield components of soybean.. Rep Opinion 2016;8(11):1-5]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1. doi:10.7537/marsroj081116.01.

Keywords: soybean, boron, zinc, manganese, seed yield

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The New Prime theorems（541）-（590）

Jiang, Chun-Xuan

Institute for Basic Research, Palm Harbor, FL34682-1577, USA

And: P. O. Box 3924, Beijing 100854, China

jiangchunxuan@sohu.com, cxjiang@mail.bcf.net.cn, jcxuan@sina.com, Jiangchunxuan@vip.sohu.com, jcxxxx@163.com

Abstract: Using Jiang function we are able to prove almost all prime problems in prime distribution. This is the Book proof.No mathematicians study prime oroblems. In this paper using Jiang function  we prove that the new prime theorems (541)-（590) contain infinitely many prime solutions and no prime solutions. From (6) we are able to find the smallest solution . This is the Book theorem.

[Jiang, Chun-Xuan. The New Prime theorems（541）-（590）. Rep Opinion 2016;8(11):6-58]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 2. doi:10.7537/marsroj081116.02.

Keywords: new; prime theorem; Jiang Chunxuan

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Teaching Listening Skills in an EFL Classroom – Building Activities

Dr. Sobhana Nandyal Panduranga

Department of English, College of Sciences & Arts, Samtah campus, Jazan University, Jizan, KSA

sobhananandyal@gmail.com

Abstract: Listening is the ability to identify and understand what others are saying – according to Howatt & Dakin (1974). It is the process of understanding a speaker’s accent or pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary used by the speaker and grasping the intended meaning of the speaker. It is an active and a receptive skill and not an isolated activity. It is always followed by speaking or reading or writing. Listening comprehension is a complex process which requires a lot of time and can be developed gradually. A lot of active processing of information is done in the mind while receiving the information, which is the input. Sensing, decoding and evaluating the information are done in the process of listening and response is its output. It is an important communicative process and is crucial for effective communication. The purpose of the current study has been to identify the problems, factors that have an impact on listening comprehension and suggest some activities to develop both listening for perception of sounds and comprehension among Saudi EFL students of Jazan University. A questionnaire has been administered on the sample of the study. The participants comprised of 100 undergraduate students of Department of English, Girls’ Samtah campus, Jazan University. The data was analyzed in percentages. Based on the perceptions of the students, it has been found that a majority of the students do not understand anything when the teachers play the CDs in the listening classes. The classes are overcrowded and seating arrangement does not suit a listening class. The students just memorize the answer key of the listening texts and reproduce in their listening exam. The findings of this study indicated that the participants do not have the desired listening skills of English language to perform well in all the tasks. A questionnaire has been administered for 10 English teachers to know the reasons behind students’ problems and factors for not having interest in learning English in students’ perspective and to find out solutions to overcome their problems in listening skills of English. The responses of English language teachers have shown that the school scenario should be improved so that students will at least have minimum proficiency level in English to meet the requirement of the university. In Saudi context, English is taught from grade 4 in Saudi schools and students have exposure towards English language for 7 years. In spite of their exposure they are nowhere near the expectations. The students are hampered by inadequate range of words and phrases, inability to understand pronunciation and maintain interest. This paper has explored some of the factors that have an impact on students’ listening skill in English. It has been found that 75% of respondents do not want to learn English, as it is of not much use in their future life. They also feel that it is difficult to learn English language. The students should come out of that phobia and cultivate a positive attitude towards learning English. However, the paper has highlighted the fact, that teachers always use a tape recorder in teaching listening skills to their students. Some of the obstacles for students in developing listening skills were lack of vocabulary, limited knowledge in sentence structures and topics in English language. Fast speech by the teacher has also been expressed as a problem by the respondents. English Digital laboratories should be established by the university in all the campuses to enhance teaching and learning of listening skills in English. Seating arrangement plays a vital role in a listening class which improves the listening ability among the students. English teachers at the university level should take the responsibility to motivate the students, in a way to create interest towards learning English under stress free environment. They are requested to use technology to teach and explore how listening can be improved and what activities would be useful to promote listening skills in the classrooms. They can also try out some of the suggested activities, adapt some from other sources and create few on the availability of inputs so as to develop the proficiency and improve the performance of the students in English listening comprehension.

[Sobhana Nandyal Panduranga. Teaching Listening Skills in an EFL Classroom – Building Activities. Rep Opinion 2016;8(11):59-70]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 3. doi:10.7537/marsroj081116.03.

Key words: listening ability, listening comprehension, EFL.

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'Experience in Parotidectomy procedure at the king Abdul-Aziz university hospital (KAUH).

Ghader Ghassan Jamjoum^1., Bahaa Maher Simbawa² Azza Asem Azzouz^3., Samaa Omer Sangoof^4., Bushra mohammed Al attas⁵, Saad Mohammed Al muhayawi⁶. Khalid B algamdi

^1. MBBS, general surgery resident, general surgery department. King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital,

^2. MBBS, medical intern, internal medicine department. King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital,

^3. MBBS medical intern, internal medicine department. King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital,

^4. MBBS medical intern, internal medicine department. King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital

^5. MBBS medical intern, internal medicine department. King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital

^6. MD, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University and university of Jeddah.

^7. MD Associate professor of ORL & Head and neck surgery. ENT department. King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital,

drghaderjamjoum@gmail.com

Abstract: The parotid glands are paired major salivary glands and are located in the pre-auricular region. Parotidectomy is a surgical procedure that involve removal of all portions of the parotid gland. The most common Parotidectomy complications are sensory deficit, temporary facial nerve paresis, sialocoele, post-operative bleeding, wound infection. In our study we aimed to evaluate the complications of the parotidectomy in our institution, to present the recommendation to avoid this complication. A retrospective study for 49 patients in 2015, king Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, to identify the complications of the parotidectomy in our institution. Our study included 49 patients in 2015, in which 57.15% female and 42.85% male. benign neoplasm was (67.34%) compared to (32.65%) malignant. the most common type is total parotidectomy (51%) followed by superficial parotidectomy (30.64%) and partial parotidectomy (18.36%). 67% of discharged home with no complication,33% extended admission.

[Ghader Ghassan Jamjoum, Bahaa Maher Simbawa Azza Asem Azzouz, Samaa Omer Sangoof, Bushra mohammed Al attas, Saad Mohammed Al muhayawi. Khalid B algamdi. Experience in Parotidectomy procedure at the king Abdul-Aziz university hospital (KAUH). Rep Opinion 2016;8(11):71-73]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 4. doi:10.7537/marsroj081116.04.

Key Wards: parotidectomy parotid tumor, superficial parotidectomy, total parotidectomy

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Growth Performance And Survival Of Clarias Gariepinus Fingerlings Fed Local Smoked Fish Discarded Meal Based Diets

EFFIONG¹, B.N and ALATISE², S.P.

^1. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria (Formerly of the Dept of Fisheries Technology, Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, New Bussa, Nigeria)

bartheffiong433@gmail.com; bartheffiong@yahoo.com; +234-7064520778

^2. Department of Fisheries Technology, Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, New Bussa, Nigeria

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to examine the use of local smoked fish discarded meal (LSFDM) as substitute for imported fish meal (IFM) in practical diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Five (5) diets of 40% crude protein containing smoked fish discarded meal varied at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% inclusion level were formulated. The Clarias gariepinus fingerlings with mean weight of 38.83±0.55g were fed at 5% body weight twice per day for 56 days. It was observed at the end of the feeding trial that 100% inclusion level of local smoked fish discarded meal gave the highest mean weight gain (MWG), mean final weight gain (FWG), and specific growth rate (SGR), 318g, 357.27g and 3.94g/day respectively. The feed conversion ratio of 0.96 was the best in diet 5 compared to other diets. There was significance difference (P<0.05) between the mean weight gain and the feed conversion ratio of fish fed local smoked fish discarded meal based diets. Based on the result, it could be concluded that 100% inclusion level of local smoked fish discarded meal based diet is feasible for Clarias gariepinus production.

[EFFIONG, B.N and ALATISE, S.P.. Growth Performance And Survival Of Clarias Gariepinus Fingerlings Fed Local Smoked Fish Discarded Meal Based Diets. Rep Opinion 2016;8(11):74-78]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 5. doi:10.7537/marsroj081116.05.

Key words: Fish meal, replacement, catfish, production

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Genetic Analysis of Tolerance to Heat Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Zahra Khodarahmpour

Assistant Professor of Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

Zahra_khodarahm@yahoo.com

Abstract: Twenty eight hybrid combinations of eight selected inbred lines with different response relation to heat stress in 2008 were evaluated for grain yield and some related traits in a randomized complete block design arranged into three replications in Shushtar City (a sub-tropical region in Khuzestan province of Iran). Hybrids were planted at two planting dates, 6^th of July (to coincide heat stress with pollination time and grain filling period) and 27^th of July (as normal planting). Diallel analysis using Griffing’s method 4, model II was performed. As a result grain yield in heat stress condition and 1000 grain weight in both conditions showed high general combining ability to specific combining ability ratio indicating additive effect’s contribution. But grain yield in normal condition, grain number per ear, grain row number per ear, grain number per ear row and hektolitr weight in both conditions showed low GCA/SCA, showing contribution of non-additive effects. General combining ability of all traits was nonsignificant in parents except for grain row number per ear. K18×K166B of the highest yield and positive and significantly combining in both conditions for grain yield was enjoyed.

[Zahra Khodarahmpour. Genetic Analysis of Tolerance to Heat Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.). Rep Opinion 2016;8(11):79-83]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 6. doi:10.7537/marsroj081116.06.

Key words: Maize; heat stress; additive and non-additive effects; combining ability; hybrid

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Comparison of the response of the Soybean to the method of micronutrients application

Esmaeil Yasari¹, Abdolreza Foroutan², Abed vahedi³ Maryam Saeedi⁴

¹ Agriculture Department, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran.

² Plant Protection Department of Agricultural & Natural Resources Research Center of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran.

³ Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.

⁴Wood and Paper Industries, Mazandaran, Iran. av1790@hotmail.com

Abstract: In this research, the effects of applying micronutrients, including zinc, boron and manganese, before seeding and as sprays on the crop, on the morphological features and seed yield of the Telar variety of soybean were studied. The experiment was conducted using the factorial design with 16 treatments and 4 replications during cropping seasons 2009-2011 in Dasht-e-Naz in Sari, Mazandaran, of northern Iran. The treatments were as follows: T1= control; T2 = Zns; T3 = Mns; T4 = Bs; T5 = Zns; T6 = Zns + Bf; T7 = Zns + Mnf; T8 = Zns + Znf; T9 = Mns; T10 = Mns + Bf; T11 = Mns + Mnf; T12 = Mns + Znf; T13 = Bs; T14 = Bs = Bf; T15 = Bs = Mns; T16= Bs + Znf. Results showed that, in the treatments of adding the micronutrients to the soil, manganese performed better than the other micronutrients, so that the tallest plants, the greatest mowing height, the biggest number of lateral shoots, the longest roots, the largest dry weight, and finally, the greatest seed yield, were observed in this treatment. In investigating the effect of spraying the nutrients also, it was seen that, although the tallest mowing height, the biggest number of lateral shoots, and the longest roots belonged to the spraying of manganese, yet the tallest plants, the largest dry weight, and finally, the greatest seed yield were obtained by spraying zinc on the crop. In the comparison of the mutual effects of the treatments also, it was found that the greatest mowing height (33 cm) belonged to adding manganese to the soil, but as for the other features (the tallest plants, 110.7 cm; the biggest number of lateral shoots, 4.18; the longest roots, 37.13 cm; the largest dry weight, 158 g.m^-2; and finally, the greatest seed yield, 170.7 g.m^-2) were observed in the treatment of the combination of adding manganese to the soil and spraying zinc on crop. Therefore, the superior treatment in the combined use of nutrients was that of adding manganese to the soil and spraying zinc on the crop.

[Esmaeil Yasari, Abdolreza Foroutan, Abed vahedi, Maryam Saeedi. Comparison of the response of the Soybean to the method of micronutrients application. Rep Opinion 2016;8(11):84-87]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 7. doi:10.7537/marsroj081116.07.

Keywords: soybean, boron, manganese, morphological features, seed yield

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The Impact of Macroeconomic Indexes on Automobile demand: a Panel Data Econometric Analysis

Elaheh Kimia¹, Amir Mansour Tehranchian²

¹MBA Graduate from Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Iran

Elahe_kimia@yahoo.com

²Associate Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, University of Mazandaran, Iran

m.tehranchian@umz.ac.ir 

Abstract: In this paper, the impact of some major macro-economical indexes on Iran automobile demand will be surveyed. For this reason, the suggested logarithm model estimated by use of the data census of the Iranian automobile companies (2001-2009). According to the Limer's F test results, it had been specified that the difference in cross-sections is meaningful statistically. Also, the Hausman test showed that the difference in cross-sections is random. The results of the model's estimation by the random effect test showed that the implementation of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policy, the Gini coefficient reduction, and the economic growth have positive and meaningful effect on automobile demand.

[Elaheh Kimia, Amir Mansour Tehranchian. The Impact of Macroeconomic Indexes on Automobile demand: a Panel Data Econometric Analysis. Rep Opinion 2016;8(11):88-91]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 8. doi:10.7537/marsroj081116.08.

Keywords: Automobile Demand, Liquidity, Government Expenditures, Gini Coefficient, Economic Growth

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Measurement of Pzerformance and rate of effective materials of herbal Tipton's weed (Hypericum Perforatum) (case study: Saran-village in East Azarbijan grovience-Iran)

Javad Faridinasab

Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, shabestar, Iran. faridinasab.sahand@yahoo.com

Abstract: A pre-determined rate of Hypericum perforatum (6-7 seedlings per m2) was planted in 60m2 area and was harvested during three phases. Then wet and dry weight of the plant were measured and its effective materials were assessed separately in each period of harvesting and different phases of harvesting plant age-ecological conditions (such as: climate, altitude from sea-level, longitude and latitude, humidity, sunshine, soil ph, soil type) and natural stresses in the area. Wet and dryperformance of the plant was 11.5kg and 3.5kg in 60m2 in the first harvest respectively, while these figures were 20kg and 7.4kg in 60m2 in the second harvest.

[Javad Faridinasab, Measurement of Pzerformance and rate of effective materials of herbal Tipton's weed (Hypericum Perforatum) (case study: Saran-village in East Azarbijan grovience-Iran). Rep Opinion 2016;8(11):92-96]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 9. doi:10.7537/marsroj081116.09.

Keywords: Measurement; Pzerformance; rate; material; herbal; Tipton's weed; Hypericum Perforatum

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The Totemic Signs of Simorgh and Dragon in Shahnameh

M. Zandiye ¹, K. N. Mohammad-Poor ², H. R. Rezaee ³

^1. Payam-Noor University, Kordestan Branch, Kordestan Province, Iran

^2. Payam-Noor University, Golestan Branch, Golestan Province, Iran

^3. Payam-Noor University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

hrrezaee@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Totemism is one of the main forms of the preliminary religions and is one of the steps of the evolution trend of human beliefs. The early man had the language to that of the nature and the world. If the world talked to him via stars, plants, animals, seasons, and nights, the man responded by his dreams, ancestors, or totems. The pre-historic man knew that he is a human being and also knew that he is beyond that. For instance, his ancestor was an animal or he can die and then return back to the life. In the Iranian culture and mythology, the evidence of totemism is present. Thus, such signs could be found in the epics of the nation. On the basis of this, in the current study it was attempted to evaluate the signs remained from totemic riots in Shahnameh.

[M. Zandiye, K. N. Mohammad-Poor, H. R. Rezaee. The Totemic Signs of Simorgh and Dragon in Shahnameh. Rep Opinion 2016;8(11):97-103]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 10. doi:10.7537/marsroj081116.10.

Keywords: Totem; Shahnameh; Simorgh; Dragon

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