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Study of Sugar Cane Wax Inhibitor on Concrete Reinforcement Corrosion in 3.5% NaCl Solution

A. B. Fajobi, ²S. O. Akinlolu¹ and O. O. Ige³

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA

²Department of Civil Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, NIGERIA

³Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA

afajobi@yahoo.com; afajobi@oauife.edu.ng; ige4usa@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study explored the effect of sugar cane wax on rebar corrosion in chloride contaminated solution with a view to determining its impact on the compressive strength of the inhibited reinforced concrete. The medium carbon steel (8 mm diameter and 100 mm length) was embedded in a concrete with mix ratio 1:2:4 and water:cement of 0.65. 42 concrete cubes were cured for 21 and 28 days, whereby some samples were subjected to 3.5% NaCl solution with and without inhibitor; the inhibitor concentration varied between 1 – 5%. Compressive strength test was used to examine the mechanical behavior and the corrosion measurements were evaluated using weight loss and potentiostatic polarization techniques. The compressive strength test revealed a reduction in the concrete strength as the inhibitor concentration increases. The optimum inhibitor efficiency was recorded at 5% for both potentiostatic polarization and weight loss method. The experimental data were best fitted with Langmuir adsorption isotherm which indicated chemisorption of the inhibitor monolayer on the steel surface. In conclusion, sugarcane wax was found to protect the reinforcing bars effectively despite the high deterioration of the compressive strength of the rebar.

[A. B. Fajobi, S. O. Akinlolu and O. O. Ige. Study of Sugar Cane Wax Inhibitor on Concrete Reinforcement Corrosion in 3.5% NaCl Solution. Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):1-8]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.01

Keywords: Corrosion inhibition, sugarcane wax, medium carbon steel, gravimetry, potentiostat, compressive strength.

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Perioperative Precautions and Management of Sickle Cell Anaemia: A Literature Review

Dr. Al-Awa Alexandre ¹, Dr. Elficki Yahya ²

^1.  MBBS, Ibn Sina University, Jeddah KSA

^2.  FRCP-Edin, UK. Consultant Internal Medicine. King Abdul Aziz Hospital and Oncology Center, Jeddah KSA

alexalawa2@gmail.com; profelficki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) primarily affects people with African, Mediterranean, South American, Middle Eastern, and Indian ancestry. Persons with sickle cell anaemia are more likely to undergo surgery than are the general population during their lifetime. As surgery exposes patients to many of the factors that are known to precipitate red blood cell sickling, persons with SCD undergoing surgery require specific clinical care to prevent perioperative sickle cell related complications. In the first part of this literature review, clinical features and complications found in patients with Sickle cell Disease are discussed. Secondly, the therapeutic approaches used with this population are reminded and finally the diagnostic techniques and main precautions to be taken in the perioperative period are discussed. This review aims at providing information about the role of surgery in sickle cell anaemia and guidelines on the most important measures that should be taken to ensure such patients are well cared for in the perioperative period in order to reduce the occurrence of complications. Based on the current literature, adapted hydration, extensive oxygenation, avoiding temperature extremes, aggressive analgesia and adequate blood transfusions remain the major guidelines for the well-being of these vulnerable patients.There are however controversies regarding the types of blood transfusions, either simple or aggressive, and the best anaesthesia, either regional or general, that present the best outcomes and advantages for the patients.

[Al-awa A, Elficki Y. Perioperative Precautions and Management of Sickle Cell Anaemia: A Literature Review. Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):9-17]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 2

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.02

Key words: sickle cell anaemia, sickle cell disease, drepanocytosis, perioperative, management

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A Study of Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievements of Science and Social Science Higher Secondary Students of District Kulgam

Dr. M.Y. Ganaie¹, Hafiz Mudasir ², Jahangir Aziz ³

^1. Associate Professor, Deptt. Of Education, Kashmir University

^2. Research Scholar, Deptt. Of Education, Dr. C.V Raman University, India

^3. M.Ed Student, School of Education, IGNOU.

hafizmudasir@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The present study was conducted to study the Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievements of Science and Social Science Higher Secondary Students of District Kulgam. In the present investigation it is found that the students studying in different Higher Secondary schools of District Kulgam following different systems of education in different streams like science and social science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Economics, Political Science and Sociology) are found to differ significantly with respect to emotional intelligence and academic achievement. The science students are significantly better in their emotional intelligence and academic achievements when compared to their counterpart social science students. The sociology students are significantly lower in emotional intelligence and academic achievements when compared to the students offering subjects like Political Science and Economics of hr. secondary schools of district Kulgam. The students of Economics subject are differing significantly when compared to the Political science students. The scores in academic achievements in the subject of Physics are lower than the students of Chemistry and Biology subjects of higher secondary schools of District Kulgam.

[M.Y. Ganaie, Hafiz Mudasir, Jahangir Aziz . A Study of Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievements of Science and Social Science Higher Secondary Students of District Kulgam. Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):18-23]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 3

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.03

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Academic Achievement, Higher Secondary Students

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CAR FESTIVAL?...(“RAMANUJAM CAR”)

M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil.

In the present day living world “CAR” is considered as “Status symbol” of human society. It also determines the state of official capacity like car of King, car of President, car of Prime Minister of global nations.

[M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. CAR FESTIVAL?...(“RAMANUJAM CAR”). Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):24-29]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 4

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.04

Keyword: world; CAR; Status symbol; Minister; global nations.

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“J & K” (RAMANUJAM NADU)

M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil.

Abstract: What does mean “J”?... What does mean “K”?... “J” and “K” are enemies to each other?... The Land of “JAMMU” and “KASHMIR” is normally called in short as “J & K”.

[M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. “J & K” (RAMANUJAM NADU. Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):30-34]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 5

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.05

Keywords: Land; JAMMU; KASHMIR

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Comparing the self-control and behavioral problems of girls in employed and unemployed mothers

Fahimeh Babanezhad

Corresponding author: Department of psychology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch.

Abstract: This research aims to compare styles of self-control and behavioral problems of girls in employed and unemployed mothers. In this research that was done using casual-comparison method (after events) 100 employed mothers and 100 unemployed ones of girls of elementary schools in district 4 of Tehran were selected as the sample based on cluster-random method. Self-control questionnaire (Allahverdipour et al., 2005) and children’s behavioral problem questionnaire (parental form, 1994) were used for information collection that was previously normalized in studies conducted in Iran and its validity has been confirmed. In this research, reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach alpha and was confirmed with a high reliability of 0.80. The t-test was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the average of self-control in employed mothers is significantly more than that in unemployed mothers. Also, the results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between girls of employed and unemployed women in hyperactivity and aggression, anxiety and depression, disorder, and lack of attention. This research confirms that employment of women results in enhancement of behavioral disorder among children. It is suggested that policy makers and planners in the country must pay attention to this point.

[Fahimeh Babanezhad. Comparing the self-control and behavioral problems of girls in employed and unemployed mothers. Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):35-39]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 6

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.06

Keywords: self control Behavioral disorders, Mothers, Employment

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Application of Neural Networks for Gesture Recognition

Mohammad Kamali Moghaddam

Electrical Department, Ghuchan University of advance technology

MohammadKamaliMoghaddam@chmail.ir

Abstract: Using orientation histograms a simple and fast algorithm will be developed to work on a workstation. It will recognize static hand gestures, namely, a subset of American Sign Language (ASL). Previous systems have used datagloves or markers for input in the system. A pattern recognition system will be using a transform that converts an image into a feature vector, which will then be compared with the feature vectors of a training set of gestures. The final system will be implemented with a Perceptron network.

[Mohammad Kamali Moghaddam. Application of Neural Networks for Gesture Recognition. Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):40-54]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 7

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.07

Keywords: Neural Networks for Gesture Recognition

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Effect of Aqueous Extract of Solanum melongena Fruits (Garden Eggs) on Some Male Reproductive Variables in Adult Wistar Rats

¹D.U. Jamil, ³M.A. Mabrouk, ²A.W. Alhassan, ²R.A. Magaji

^1. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Allied Health Professions, Federal University, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria.

^2. Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

^3. Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: jamilusman@fud.edu.ng or jamso85@yahoo.com, +2348030801260

Abstract: The effects of administration of aqueous extract of solanum melongena on some reproductive variables of male wistar rats were exploited in this work. 20 rats were randomized into four groups (Group A, B, C and D) of 5 rats each. Group A serve as the control and was administered 0.9% normal saline, group B, C and D serve as the extract group receiving 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg of the extract respectively. The extract was save with LD50 >5000mg/Kg. Sperm counts and motility were quantified; epididymal and general body weights were measured using a weighing balance. The histological studies of the testes and the anterior pituitary were also done. Results of the experiment revealed an increase in the sperm count and sperm percentage motility. There was decrease in body weight gain and epididymal weight across the groups receiving the extract, though not significant. This experiment thus revealed that aqueous extract of solanum melongena possesses profertility properties which may be beneficial to those who consume it.

[D.U. Jamil, M.A. Mabrouk, A.W. Alhassan, R.A. Magaji. Effect of Aqueous Extract of Solanum melongena Fruits (Garden Eggs) on Some Male Reproductive Variables in Adult Wistar Rats. Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):55-61]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 8

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.08

Keywords: Garden egg fruits (Solanum melongena), Sperm count, Sperm motility, Histology, Testes and pituitary.

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The Socio Economic and Institutional Factors That Affect Traditional Small Scale Irrigation Activity along Chemoga River, Gozamin Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Mengist Belay¹, Bogale Tefferie²

¹Wolkite University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Department of Natural Resource Management, ²Dilla University School of Social Science and Humanities Assistant Professor for Geography and Environmental Study

Abstract: This study was conducted to quantify the socio economic and institutional factors that affect traditional small scale irrigation activity along chemoga river, gozamin woreda, ethiopia. The objective of the study was to appraise socio economic, agricultural extension service and institutional problems that affect small scale irrigation activity along the river. Data were gathered through household interview, group discussion, field observation, key informant and expert interview. In addition, different secondary data were also used for the study. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for data analysis. Qualitative data is analyzed by using comparative analytical methods. Quantitative data were analyzed by SPSS V 16. Through frequency, mean, standard deviation, Chi-Square and T-test. socio economically lack of farm land, lack of training , lack of access to irrigation water because of illegal diversion are some of the factors. Institutionally there are no formal water users’ associations, lack of institutional support, are some of the constraints. In addition, less involvement of stakeholders in agricultural extension service, training and evaluation of irrigation works for irrigation beneficiary Kebeles has contributed for the low performance of irrigation farms.

[Mengist Belay, Bogale Tefferie. The Socio Economic and Institutional Factors That Affect Traditional Small Scale Irrigation Activity along Chemoga River, Gozamin Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):62-73]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 9

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.09

Keywords: Agricultural extension service, Land holding, Institution, Socio economic, Traditional irrigation schemes, Water conflicts.

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[Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):74-82]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 10

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.10

 Withdrawn

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The relationship between presential knowledge and intuitive knowledge

Fatemeh Ferdowsi

Teacher of Farhangian University

Abstract: This paper aimed to find a relationship between presential knowledge and intuitive knowledge, therefore, it can be effective in explaining the preliminary described, including the relationship of knowledge, knowledge types and characteristics, different knowledge and intuitive knowledge has been defined. Epistemology of the most difficult topics in this mystical knowledge (intuitive knowledge) has its own complexity. What is discussed in this article is to answer the question whether the presence of intuitive knowledge? In fact, it is written, followed by a brief review of issues related to science face and compare it with the intuitive knowledge make clear what relationship exists between these two concepts.

[Fatemeh Ferdowsi. The relationship between presential knowledge and intuitive knowledge. Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):83-87]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 11

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.11

Key words: Presential knowledge, intuitive knowledge, wisdom and philosophy

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Challenges Of Biodiversity Conservation For Effective Agricultural Activities In Etche Local Government Area Of River State. Nigeria: A Review

¹Offor. U. S and ²Ali Uchechukwu

¹ Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Port Harcourt- River State.

²Federal College of Education (Technical) Omoku. River State.

Abstract: A review of the meaning and efforts made for biodiversity conservation globally was made. Biodiversity conservation challenges for agricultural activities in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers state were x-rayed. Such challenge includes human population, rapid infrastructural development, deforestation, poaching, illegal grazing, coupled with poverty and indiscriminate bush burning. Based on these factors, recommendations were made.

[Offor. U. S and Ali Uchechukwu. Challenges Of Biodiversity Conservation For Effective Agricultural Activities In Etche Local Government Area Of River State. Nigeria: A Review. Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):88-92]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 12

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.12

Keywords: Biodiversity, conservation, challenges, agricultural activities. Etche Local Government Area

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Analysis Of Incidences Of Hazards Among Rubber Budders: An Implication To Revenue Generation In Rrin

¹Haliru, Y. Umar; P.O. Anegbeh; M., Toyila and D. O. Ehiwe

Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 1049, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

¹Correspondence e-mail: haliru.umar@gmail.com

Abstract: Budding is the technological processes of merging scions and buds of plants, usually of different genetically make up but of the same species with the aim to achieve specific target(s); such as high yield, diseases resistance and other desirable qualities. In Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN), Knuth. Mull, Hevea brasiliensis is used to bud the local species of rubber by specialist called rubber budders. Data on budding activities between 2002 and 2015 were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed total of 696,251 quantity of budded stumps was produced and N13, 754,554.50 was realized as revenue. The paper examined the factors of hazards that the budders were exposed to which could have affected the performance of the budders during the cause of budding. The study revealed that 86.36% of the respondents were hazardously affected by sharp objects, ants bit, honey bee attack, snake bit and road accident. Also, only 31.54% of the victims’ hospital bill was paid by RRIN Management. Majority (45.45%) of the victims used native medicine to treat themselves. The paper recommends that in order to improve on the quantity of budded stumps production and revenue generation, RRIN Management should take care of the welfare of the budders including medical services.

[Haliru, Y. Umar; P.O. Anegbeh; M., Toyila and D. O. Ehiwe. Analysis Of Incidences Of Hazards Among Rubber Budders: An Implication To Revenue Generation In Rrin. Rep Opinion 2015;7(9):93-96]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 13

doi:10.7537/marsroj070915.13

Keywords: budding, hazards, rubber, RRIN

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