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Biochemical Composition Of Mistletoe As Affected By Hosts (Cocoa, Kola And Coffee Tree)

Olusola Abiola Ladokun, Sarah Olufunso Oni and Obaineh Matthew Ojezele

Department of Biochemistry Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria

Telephone: +2348034995499; Email: solaJP@gmail.com

Abstract: The chemical constituents and uses of several species/subspecies and varieties of the plant depend on a number of factors including the host tree. It is the secondary metabolites and pigments that are responsible for therapeutic actions in human and refined to produce drugs. The chemical profile of a plant may vary over time as it reacts to changing conditions. This is also up-regulated and down-regulated by the plants in response to the local mix of herbivores, pollinators and microorganisms. Although mistletoe has been extensively researched, work on comparison of the biochemical composition of the plant from different hosts in Nigeria is scarce. Hence this work, aimed at investigating the biochemical composition of mistletoe from cocoa, kola and coffee. The mistletoe from coffee had the highest phehol content value of 2.50g while that of kola had the lowest value of 0.90g. The alkaloid content was generally low across the mistletoes considered. The mistletoe from cocoa had the highest tannin content of 1.70g and the lowest was recorded for that of kola 0.8g. The saponin content was generally high with the mistletoe from coffee having the highest of 14.60g. The mistletoe from kola however had the highest flavonoid content of 2.03g. Some variations was also observed for the biochemical constituents of the mistletoes from the different host plants.

[Olusola Abiola Ladokun, Sarah Olufunso Oni and Obaineh Matthew Ojezele. Biochemical Composition Of Mistletoe As Affected By Hosts (Cocoa, Kola And Coffee Tree). Rep Opinion 2015;7(6):1-4]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.01

Keywords: Biochemical Composition, Mistletoe, Affected By Hosts

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Examining the Relationship Between Organizational Virtue and Creativity of Employees

^1-Sedighe Haji Abedi, ^2-Hadi Khadem Astaneh, ^3-Fatemeh Abooee

¹(corresponding author), department of Public Administration, yazd scienec and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

²department of Public Administration, yazd scienec and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

³Master of Industrial Management, University of Science and Arts, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: The goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of organizational virtue and creativity among employees of Yazd education organization. Results of confirmatory factor analysis of organizational virtue and creativity models indicate that both models have content and confirm validity. This indicates that high and positive correlations between variables are due to the indirect effects between variables. Finally, the impact of organizational virtue was examined on the employee creativity using hierarchical regression. The results of the estimated regression model showed that between independent variables, this is the only significant variable.

[Sedighe Haji Abedi, Hadi Khadem Astaneh, Fatemeh Abooee. Examining the Relationship Between Organizational Virtue and Creativity of Employees. Rep Opinion 2015;7(6):5-15]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 2

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.02

Keywords: Yazd education organization, hierarchical regression, organizational virtue, creativity

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Analysis OF organizational Intelligence analysis and its relationship with the organizational pure for textile industry (Case Study: Yazd Textile Industries)

^1-Sedighe Haji Abedi (corresponding author), ^2-Hadi Khadem Astaneh

^1,2department of Public Administration, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

³Fatemeh Abooee, Master of Industrial Management, University of Science and Arts, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: Applied to the study of human intelligence as a framework for the process of organizational intelligence, insight is to understand the process for developing institutional capacity for problem solving and decision making based on competitive understanding market opportunities are used. The capacity to collect information about business subjects like competition, customers, markets, economic trends and using information technology is empowerment to acquire, store and analyze this information. One of the competitive advantages of the present world is the pure of organization that its success in recent decades have many companies expand to the pure principles to other areas of their business including product design, processing, receiving, and deliver the order, the payment system even The their supply chains This study focuses on the effects of organizational intelligence agencies to promote of organizational pure at textile industry, offers a new approach to improve organizational performance. the correlation Test results show that between organizational intelligence and organizational pure confidence level of 95% and correlated with the degree of 0.217 is correlation. This means that the increase organizational intelligence increases organizational pure surface of the textile firms. The overall of organizational intelligence at confidence level of 95% is good and evaluation of overall of the organizational pure at three companies is not desirable.

[Sedighe Haji Abedi (corresponding author), Hadi Khadem Astaneh. Analysis OF organizational Intelligence analysis and its relationship with the organizational pure for textile industry (Case Study: Yazd Textile Industries). Rep Opinion 2015;7(6):16-22]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 3

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.03

Keywords: organizational intelligence, organizational pure textile industry, competition

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Antimicrobial Evaluation of Extracts of Leaf and Root Wood of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth. Against Some Human Pathogenic Bacteria

O.A. Akintobi, B.A. Bamkefa*, A.O. Adejuwon, S. O. Oduola

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Information Technology and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria

b.bamkefa@gmail.com

Abstract: The use of alternate medicine to cure some diseases is now encouraged in Nigeria. However, various parts of the medicinal plants and methods are employed to extract the active ingredients of these plants. In this study aqueous and organic solvents (ethanol, petroleum ether and hexane) of crude extracts of the leaf and root wood of Parkia biglobosa were screened for antimicrobial activity with the intention of finding an alternative source of antimicrobial agent that can be used against some human pathogenic organisms. These extracts were subjected to antibacterial activity testing using some human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) by employing the agar well diffusion method. Results of antimicrobial activity of P. biglobosa leaf and root wood extracts showed that they were active against all the human pathogenic bacteria isolates (at 100mg/ml down to 40mg/ml) with the exception of root wood extract which was not active against Salmonella typhi. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the leaf extract was 40mg/ml for all the isolates while that of root wood extract was 100mg/ml for Proteus mirabilis alone and no effect on S. typhi. The zone of inhibition at 100mg/ml for the isolates ranged between 7mm and 32mm for leaf extract while it was between 0mm and 24mm for root wood extract. Standard antibiotics revealed that Streptomycin had the highest efficacy against gram positive bacteria showing the clear zone inhibition of 15mm and 19mm for S. aureus and S. pyogenes respectively and Ofloxacin had the highest efficacy against gram negative bacteria (K. pneumoniae, S. typhi, E. coli, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa) with zones of inhibition between 10mm and 25mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration of both the leaf extract and the root wood extract against the pathogenic bacteria under test ranged between 40mg/ml and 100mg/ml.

[Akintobi OA, Bamkefa BA, Adejuwon AO, Oduola SO. Antimicrobial Evaluation of Extracts of Leaf and Root Wood of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth. Against Some Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Rep Opinion 2015;7(6):23-31]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 4

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.04

Key words: Parkia biglobosa; medicinal plants; antimicrobial; human pathogen; antibiotics disc

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Air Pollution Tolerance Index and Anticipated Performance Index of Selected Plant Species in Haridwar City, India

Sangeeta Madan^{, *}, Shivani Chauhan

Department of Environmental Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar 249401, India

Snmadan21@gmail.com, shivanichauhanjmd@gmail.com

Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the variation in biochemical parameters and the air pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of selected six plant species collected from four different sites of Haridwar city. High value of APTI was recorded in Mangifera indica (12.36±0.14) and the lowest APTI was recorded in Polyalthia longifolia (7.94±0.62). The Anticipated Performance Index (API) of these plant species was also calculated by considering their APTI values together with other socio-economic and biological parameters. According to API Ficus religiosa was found under very good category and Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica and Syzygium cumini were categorized as good performer. Polyalthia longifolia and Psidium guajava to be very poor performer. Based on these results the most tolerant species were Mangifera indica and Ficus religiosa.

[Madan S, Chauhan S. Air Pollution Tolerance Index and Anticipated Performance Index of Selected Plant Species in Haridwar City, India. Rep Opinion 2015;7(6):32-37]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 5

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.05

Key words: air pollution; anticipated performance index; air pollution tolerance index; biochemical parameters

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Expression of α-Amylase by a Tropical Strain of Penicillium citrinum: Effect of Nitrogen Source of Growth

Adekunle Odunayo Adejuwon^1,*, Olusola Abiola Ladokun², Anthonia Olufunke Oluduro³, Femi Kayode Agboola⁴, Patrick Ojo Olutiola⁵, Sheldon Jerome Segal⁶

^1.  Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Information Technology and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria

^2.  Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Information Technology and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria

^3.  Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

^4.  Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

^5.  Department of Biological Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria

^6.  Director, Division of Population Sciences, The Rockefeller Foundation, Manhattan, New York, United States of America/Adjunct Professor of Clinical Pharmacology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, Manhattan, New York, United States of America

ao_adejuwon@yahoo.ca, adejuwon.ao@lcu.edu.ng

Abstract: Background: Penicillium citrinum is an anamorph mesophilic fungus capable of producing tanzawaic acid A, mevastatin, quinocitrinine A, quinocitrinine B and nephrotoxic citrinin. In the tropics, this fungus is found on mouldy citrus fruits and usually contaminates tropical spices and cereals. Materials and Methods: A defined medium with starch as carbon source and varied nitrogen source was inoculated with spore suspensions of approximately 5x10⁵ spores per ml of a one hundred and twenty-hour old culture of a tropical strain of Penicillium citrinum plated on potato dextrose agar. Results: Extracellular α-amylase was expressed within a period of ten days in the inoculated defined medium. Urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate and sodium nitrate were good nitrogen sources of growth and α-amylase production in Penicillium citrinum. Conclusion: Starch as carbon source of growth with urea, ammonium chloride or ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source will support good expression of α-amylase activity by Penicillium citrinum. Optimum expression is day dependent.

[Adejuwon AO, Ladokun OA, Oluduro AO, Agboola FK, Olutiola PO, Segal SJ. Expression of α-Amylase by a Tropical Strain of Penicillium citrinum: Effect of Nitrogen Source of Growth. Researcher 2015;7(6):38-40]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 6

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.06

Key words: Penicillium citrinum, defined medium, α-amylase

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TAMIL PUTHANDU!...(Scientific Research Article)

M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil.

Abstract: Heart felt advance PUTHANDU WISHES is conveyed to all the citizens of India and all people of global nations. “PUTHANDU” shall mean “STEP INTO NEW AGE” called by Proto Indos of Ancient India. In Indo Culture many parts of India Puthandu being observed during the month between MARCH-APRIL.  In THAILAND, “Thai New Year” being observed on “APRIL 13”. In South India Puthandu being observed on “APRIL 14”. This scientific research focus that “PUTHANDU” (Tamil New Year) shall mean the day when HUMAN ANCESTORS Considered descended from MARS PLANET to EARTH PLANET around 3,00,000 years ago during “Dark Age” of Universe HUMAN ANCESTORS shall also be called as “MAKKAL MUTHALVAR”. Makkal Muthalvar shall be considered as godly person (Devas Angel race) Considered born during the month “February - March” and lived in MARS PLANET in the early universe. During expanding Universe the godly Populations Considered descended to EARTH PLANET (Kachcha Theevu) during “MARCH – APRIL” and began “NEW LIFE”.

[M.Arulmani, B.E.; V.R.Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil.. TAMIL PUTHANDU!...(Scientific Research Article). Researcher 2015;7(6):41-44]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.07

Keywords: Heart; PUTHANDU WISHES; citizen; India; people; global; nation

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The role of spiritual intelligence in Increase of Social capital citizens (Case study: municipality of Zahedan)

Shomayeh Jafarian¹, Raziyeh Jafarian²

¹ Graduate student in Urban Design

²Master of Urban Planning International University of Imam Reza

jafariyansomaye@chmail.ir

Abstract: This Article Efforts the Offering Implications Strong Theoretical to the Examining the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable, spiritual intelligence, Social participation, sense of place, Social capital and Consequently rule A good City Pay Up to This Way To the Decomposition And the Analysis Results And In the Metropolis Zahedan That Area Case Study This Check Is, Achieved. In terms of collecting and Strategy, J.-P. Vhsh survey (survey) analytic Solidarity is. The questionnaire was used to gather information and trying to find ways of improving Capacities and cultural guide, And stimulate community involvement, social trust and Finally, social capital. Since Capital Social Role And the Fuck Affect In the Dynamism Economy City And the In the Finally Realization Rule A good City It is, therefore, concluded that the communities With the Social capital The above And the Partnership Informed Citizenry Required Existence Sense of belonging To the Location District And the City Through spiritual intelligence Is. In this regard, to provide solutions to create an environment that increases the chance of growth in people's spiritual intelligence.

[Shomayeh Jafarian, Raziyeh Jafarian. The role of spiritual intelligence in Increase of Social capital citizens (Case study: municipality of Zahedan). Researcher 2015;7(6):45-55]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.08

Keywords: spiritual intelligence, sense of belonging - social contributions - Social Capital

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Fuzzy Logic Controller For An Mobile Robot

Masoud Moravveji, Mohammad Seyyedi Moaddab, Ahmad Hajipour

Hakim Sabzevari University, Iran

MoravvejiMasoud@chmail.ir

Abstract: In this develops the development of an autonomous wall-following robot is presented. The wall following controller is a two input, two output system. The inputs are two proximity measurements to the wall, and the outputs are the speeds of the two rear wheels. A variety of evolutionary algorithms, operating according to Darwinian concepts, have been proposed to approximately solve problems of common engineering applications. Increasingly common applications involve automatic learning of nonlinear mappings that govern the behavior of control systems. In many cases where robot control is of primary concern, the systems used to demonstrate the effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms often do not represent practical robotic systems. In this paper, genetic programming (GP) is the evolutionary strategy of interest. It is applied to learn fuzzy control rules for a practical autonomous vehicle steering control problem, namely, path tracking. GP handles the simultaneous evolution of membership functions and rule bases for the fuzzy path tracker.

[Masoud Moravveji, Mohammad Seyyedi Moaddab, Ahmad Hajipour. Fuzzy Logic Controller For An Mobile Robot. Researcher 2015;7(6):56-61]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.09

Keywords: robot; output; input; wheel; evolution; algorithm; fuzzy path tracker.

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SCIENTIFIC RAMANUJAM?...(“THIRUKOSHTIYUR”)

M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R.Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil.

Abstract: Ramanujam is Aethiest? (or) Theist?... This is the heartbeats revealed to the author of this Research article… Ramanujam (Raman + Anujam) shall be considered as universal artist. The value of universal constant may vary but the law of universe is always constant. This scientific research focus that the entire universe and natural matters shall be considered as initially created by “MEGA STAR” of universe. The mega star shall be considered as “Supernatural person” who shall be called as “RAMANUJAM”.

[M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. SCIENTIFIC RAMANUJAM?...(“THIRUKOSHTIYUR”). Researcher 2015;7(6):62-66]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.10

Keywords: Ramanujam; Aethiest; Theist; universal; artist

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Information And Communication Technology (Ict) And The Management Of Secondary Schools In Southern Senatorial District Of Taraba State, Nigeria

Dr. (Mrs) M. U. Oluwole¹, Mrs. Abigail Ifeoma Iroegbu²

¹Department Of Education Foundations, Benue State University, Makurdi, 08164330438, Livingemerald@Yahoomail.Com

²Federal University, Wukari Taraba State

Abstract: The study investigated information and communication technology and its impact on the management of secondary schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of information and communication technology particularly; the use of internet and telecommunication (radio) on the management of secondary schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. A review of related literature was carried out in the area of information and communication technology as it relates to the management of secondary schools. The study employed a descriptive survey design. The study was targeted at all teachers and students of secondary schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State of Nigeria. A sample of two hundred and forty (240) teachers in secondary schools in the senatorial district were drawn from fifteen (15) secondary schools in the senatorial district. An instrument titled “Impact of ICT on Secondary School Management Questionnaire (ICTSSMQ)” was used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions and the chi–square and single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that the use of internet and telecommunication (radio) has significant impact on management of secondary schools particularly in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State. The researcher therefore recommended that the government should make sure ICT centres are established in all secondary schools to improve learning and effective management of these schools. Internet services should be made available in all secondary schools in the state. The government and the general public should engage in the training of teachers in the area of information and communication especially the use of computer and internet system to ease the teaching and learning process in schools and their management. Periodic workshop/seminars should be organized for the purpose of facilitating teachers’ literacy, awareness and skills in using ICT in schools.

[M. U. Oluwole, Abigail Ifeoma Iroegbu. Information And Communication Technology (Ict) And The Management Of Secondary Schools In Southern Senatorial District Of Taraba State, Nigeria. Rep Opinion 2015;7(6):67-75]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 11

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.11

Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, Management, Internet and Telecommunication (radio).

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Arenka Nayaki Is Mother Of Rama?...(“Srirangam”)

M.Arulmani, B.E.; V.R.Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil.

Abstract: Mother of “Sri Rama” is Kausalya?... NO… NO… NO… This Scientific research focus that mother of “RAMA” shall be considered as “ARENKA NAYAKI” having “Head quarters” at “THIRI RENKAM” in ancient time. This scientific research further focus that “ARENKA NATHAN” “ARENKA NAYAKI” shall be considered as “Devas Populations” (Angel race) Lived in “MARS PLANET” (5,00,000 years ago). In proto Indo Europe root word the Mars Planet shall be called as “EZHEM” (or) “THEN THIRIPATHI”. The Deva population shall be considered created by supreme artist RAMANUJAM. Ramanujam shall be considered as Atheist as he is the supreme god and NO MORE GOD.

[M.Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. Arenka Nayaki Is Mother Of Rama?...(“Srirangam”). Rep Opinion 2015;7(6):76-79]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 12

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.12

Keywords: Mother; Sri Rama; Kausalya; Science; RAMA; ancient

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Review of evaluation of the accuracy of rapid prototyped stents in maxillary le fort I osteotomy procedures

Author names and affiliations.

Elmansi Youssef¹, Barkat ahmed², Abou Elfotouh Adel³, Elhadidy Mona⁴

¹Faculty of oral and dental medicine, Eygpt, Giza, Haram, El mesaha station 4 el degwy street, Elmansi76@gmail.com, 00201154004015

²Professor faculty of oral and dental medicine Cairo university, Eygpt, Giza, El Dokki, 21 el methaf el zaraai street

³Lecturer faculty of oral and dental medicine Cairo university, Eygpt, Giza, El Dokki, 14 masdek st

⁴Assistant lecturer faculty of oral and dental medicine Cairo university, Eygpt, Giza, Haram, El mesaha station 4 el degwy street

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the computer-generated stents in producing the virtually simulated surgical movements in Le Fort I osteotomies. Material and methods: A literature survey in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed and covered the periods to June 2014, June 2014, Jan 2014 and March 2014 respectively. The inclusion criteria were controlled or prospective studies where patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomies using virtual computer assisted technique and CAD-CAM fabricated stents. Three reviewers selected and extracted the data independently. The quality of the retrieved articles was evaluated by four reviewers. Results: The search strategy resulted in 718 articles, in which 5 met the inclusion criteria. All articles supported the use of computer planning and the CAD/CAM fabricated stent. Conclusion: The CAD/CAM stents can provide accurate production and transfer of the virtual surgical plan to operating room, but more controlled studies are needed to compare results obtained from the computer guided planning and the CAD/CAM stents to that obtained from the conventional method.

[Elmansi Youssef, Barkat ahmed, Abou Elfotouh Adel, Elhadidy Mona. Review of evaluation of the accuracy of rapid prototyped stents in maxillary le fort I osteotomy procedures Author names and affiliations. Rep Opinion 2015;7(6):80-84]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 13

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.13

Keywords: Le Fort I ostoetomy, Maxillary orthognathic surgery, Computer assisted, CAD-CAM splint

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Effect of individual characteristics and attitudes toward the brand the intention to buy luxury goods

Samaneh Farokhi¹, Dr. Mahmoud Naderi Bani (corresponding author)²

¹Department of Business Administration, Yazd Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

²Department of Business Administration, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran .and  Associate Professor Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: Luxury goods are selling very well worldwide. The important issue is what drives consumers to buy luxury goods and how much the main drivers for consumers to buy luxury brands change through culture. The research population consisted of buyers of Apple mobile phones in Yazd. The sample included 171 people who were selected though convenience random sampling. This was an applied, descriptive, comparative, correlative study. The analysis unit was the individuals, and regarding time, it was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected through survey and questionnaires and analyzed using PLS Smart. Results showed that the need for uniqueness has a positive significant effect on the self-expression attitude, the self-expression attitude has a positive and significant effect on the emotional attitude, and the emotional attitude has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention.

[Samaneh Farokhi, Mahmoud Naderi Bani. Effect of individual characteristics and attitudes toward the brand the intention to buy luxury goods. Rep Opinion 2015;7(6):85-92]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 14

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.14

Keywords: lifestyle, luxury goods, self-expression attitude, self-exhibition attitude, emotional attitude, purchase intention

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-1alpha Research literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Ma ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also known as lipoglycans and endotoxin, are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide composed of O-antigen, outer core and inner core joined by a covalent bond. LPS is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and elicit strong immune responses in animals. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that respond to changes in available oxygen in the cellular environment - to decreases in oxygen, or hypoxia. The HIF signaling cascade mediates the effects of hypoxia in the cells. Hypoxia keeps cells from differentiating, but it promotes the formation of blood vessels and is important for the formation of a vascular system in embryos and cancer tumors. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha  related studies.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-1alpha Research literatures. Rep Opinion 2015;7(6):93-112]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 15

doi:10.7537/marsroj070615.15

Key words: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS); Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF); life

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Effect of selenium and vitamin E on some physiological parameters of male albino rats subjected to drink polluted water contain mixture of heavy metals

El-Yamany I. El-Zwahry, Mahmoud M. Salem, Diaa F. Ibrahim, Elsayed H. Darwish*

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

*Dr..elsayedhamza@yahoo.com

Abstract: Toxic heavy metals in water, air and soil are global problems that are a growing threat to humanity. Heavy metals pollution of surface water can create health risks. The current study aimed to demonstrate (1) the alterations in biochemical parameters, free radicals and enzyme activities induced by mixture of heavy metals in serum of male albino rats, and (2) the role of selenium and vitamin E in alleviating the negative effects of these heavy metals. Method: Ten rats per group were assigned to one of six treatment groups: group I served as control which received standard diet, group II received in drinking water mixture of heavy metals alone, group III received Se alone (0.5 Na₂SeO₃ mg/kg of diet), group IV received both mixture of heavy metals and Se (0.5 mg/kg of diet), group V received vitamin E alone at a dose of 50 IU/kg body weight, group VI received both mixture of heavy metals and vitamin E (50 IU/kg body weight). Evaluations were made for some tumor markers, enzyme activities and biochemical parameters. Results showed that heavy metals resulted into significant increase (P<0.05) in (AFP), (GGT) and (ALAT), (ASAT), (ALP), and (LDH) and blood urea, serum creatinine, and serum uric acid. On the other hand VE or Se in combination with mixture of heavy metals partially or totally alleviated its toxic effects on the studied parameters. Conclusion: VE and Se have beneficial effects and could be able to antagonize heavy metals toxicity.

[El-Zwahry EI, Salem MM, Ibrahim DF, Darwish EH. Effect of selenium and vitamin E on some physiological parameters of male albino rats subjected to drink polluted water contain mixture of heavy metals. Rep Opinion 2015;7(6):113-121]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 16

Keywords: Heavy metals, Tumor marker, Liver enzymes, Kidney functions

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