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The role of mosques on improving of religious culture and decreasing of social corruptions: Case study the mosque of Honameh (Shirvan, North Khorasan, Iran)

Mohammad Motamedi and Azizollah Saeb

Department of geography, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, IRAN

Abstract: Mosques are centers for improving of religious culture and civilization. This role is more important in the current century which is called the age of anxiety. The main aim of this research is evaluating of the role of the mosque of Honameh on decreasing of social corruption and increasing of religious culture. The method of research is analytic-descriptive and the number of research society is 350 people and the numbers of samples are 220 people. Based on the result of this research it was found that the mosque of Honameh had an effective role on increasing of religious culture and decreasing of anxiety.

[Motamedi M, Saeb A. The role of mosques on improving of religious culture and decreasing of social corruptions: Case study the mosque of Honameh (Shirvan, North Khorasan, Iran). Rep Opinion 2013;5(2):1-3]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1

doi:10.7537/marsroj050213.01

Key words: Mosque, religious, culture, social, corruption

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Independence Of Indian Judiciary: Need for vast and in all aspect of Judicial Activism

1. Dr. Ashish Kumar Singhal; 2. Ikramuddin Malik & Abroo Khan

1. Invertis University, Bareilly, India; 2. Subharti Uiversity, Meerut, India

ashish_kumar112000@yahoo. com

Abstract: There is a vast change in judicial process but on various points judiciary is silent whether the promotion of judges in High Courts or Supreme Court, the response bility of giving information under the right to information act., the corruption of judges. Is there no need of activism in this era? No doubt law regulate the society, but some time society also regulates the law. Is there need of the procedure of public opinion how judiciary should do their function through judicial activism? As it is clear changing aspirations of people also affects law. Constitutions, Courts, and other part of judicial system are made for common people. In the view of Justice Y. V. Chandrachud observed “it is really the poor, starved and mindless millions who need the court protection for securing the enjoyment human rights”. So being some need of more activism in judiciary, judicial activism has played an important role in human life. Although on the one hand Judiciary has touched almost every aspect of life through judicial activism whether the case of bonded labour, rehabilitation of freed bounded labour, payment of minimum wages, juvenile offenders, child labour, illegal detention, torture and maltreatment of police lock-up, implementation of various provisions of the Constitution, environment problems, the court took cognizance of each case and laid down various judgments to protect the basic human rights of each and every member of society, but on the other hand there is need of transparency itself in judiciary. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar opined-"There can be no difference of opinion in the House that our judiciary must be both independent of the executive and must also be competent in itself. And the question is how these two objects can be secured". The courts in India have also given a new interpretation to the constitutional provision relating to protection and improvement of the environment may be explained with reference to the following heads-(1)The constitution 42nd Amendment. (2) Federal System of Government (Distribution of Legislative Power). (3) Fundamental Rights. (4) Directive Principles of State Policy. (5) Fundamental Duties.

[Ashish Kumar Singhal; Ikramuddin Malik & Abroo Khan . Independence Of Indian Judiciary: Need for vast and in all aspect of Judicial Activism. Rep Opinion 2013;5(2):4-7]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 2

doi:10.7537/marsroj050213.02

Key Words: Constitution, Court, Judicial Activism, Public Interest Litigation

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Sassanid Religion and the Decline

Zia Khazaei, mahnaz ghaljeh

Department of Political Science, Zahedan branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

drmom1390@yahoo.com

Abstract:Zoroastrianism was initially an universally obeyed and secular religion which emphasized on the man`s will along with afterlife, but gradually it was influenced by ascetic religious and philosophical circumstances and tended toward fatalism, anchorite and surrendering fate as well as paved the way for the religious declining of the Sassanid which was considered as a pillar for Sassanid dynasty establishment like feudalism.

[Zia Khazaei, mahnaz ghaljeh. Sassanid Religion and the Decline. Rep Opinion 2013;5(2):8-12]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 3

doi:10.7537/marsroj050213.03

Keywords: Declining, Zoroastrianism, Sassanid dynasty

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Fungal and aflatoxin detection in fresh and stored ‘garri ijebu’ (locally processed food)

 Manihot esculenta

Jonathan SG ¹ , Abdul-Lateef MB ¹ and Ayansina ADV²

Mycology & Biotechnology unit,^1, Department of Botany& Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria

² Department of Biological Sciences, BOWEN University. Iwo. Nigeria

gbolagadejonathan@gmail.com

Abstract: Eight samples of both fresh and stored ‘garri ijebu’(GI) which is usually being processed in Ijebu land and consumed by the Ijebus and other Yoruba people of southwest Nigeria were analyzed for proximate composition, fungi detection and the level of aflatoxin B₁ B₂, G₁ and G₂ contamination. Moisture content of 66.1% and 42.0 were recorded for fresh and 18- month old GI samples respectively. Results of carbohydrate analysis showed that fresh GI sample had 41.1% starch which reduced significantly to 20.6% in 18- month stored GI. It was also observed that the crude protein reduced significantly (P<0.05) from 4.9 to 4.4% respectively. The fat contents also reduced as the storage time increases. Fungi that were found in biodereriorating GI samples included Aspergillus tamari, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium compacticum and Saccharomyces spp. The study also presented level of mycotoxin contamination in fresh and stored ‘garri ijebu’. In the samples, Aflatoxin B₂ (0.0085ug/kg) was detected in 18-month stored sample, representing 8.8% of the total aflatoxin detected. The nutritional indices and health implications of both fresh and stored GI was discussed.

[Jonathan SG , Abdul-Lateef MB and Ayansina ADV. Fungal and aflatoxin detection in fresh and stored ‘garri ijebu’ (locally processed food). Rep Opinion 2013;5(2):13-19]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 4

doi:10.7537/marsroj050213.04

Keywords: biodeterioration, fungi, aflatoxins, ‘garri ijebu’

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Chemical Characterization of Acacia cyanophylla Compost as Growth Substrate

M’Sadak Youssef ^{*, 1} and Elouaer Mohamed Aymen¹

¹ Sousse University, High Institute of Agronomy Chott-Mariem, 4042, Tunisia

^* msadak.youssef@yahoo.fr

Abstract: To evaluate the quality of Acacia cyanophylla-based compost and to study the possibilities of improving its chemical proprieties, raw and screened Acacia cyanophylla compost according to different techniques were incorporated with rabbit manures compost in various proportions. Growth substrates obtained were subjected to chemical analysis (pH, Electrical Conductivity, Salinity, Organic Matter, Total Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, C/N ratio and potassium and phosphorus contents). Results obtained showed variations in chemical parameters depending on the type of screening methods (simple or double) and the nature of the mixture considered. Even if significant differences were observed for diverse substrates, recorded values were in the standards of acceptance, only for potassium and phosphorus contents, were it is necessary to optimize the incorporation of rabbit manures compost to adjust the level in those minerals in Acacia cyanophylla compost.

[M’Sadak Y., Elouaer M.A. Chemical Characterization of Acacia cyanophylla Compost as Growth Substrate. Rep Opinion 2013;5(2):20-25]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 5

doi:10.7537/marsroj050213.05

Key words: Acacia cyanophylla compost, screening, mixture, growth substrate, chemical characterization.

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Muslim Legal System On The Rights Of Accused Under Pre Independent India

Eakramuddin Malik¹, Abroo Khan¹ &Dr. Ashish  Kumar Singhal²

1. Assistant Professor, Faculty of law,Subharti University, Meerut, UP,India

2. Assistant. Professor, HOD in law, Invertis University, Bareilly, UP,  India

ashish_kumar112000@yahoo.com

Abstract: The .administration of justice in Islam on the tenets and injunctions is based on  Holy  Quran. The Quran may, thus, be described as the supreme legislative Code of Islam which laid down basic rules of justice. Its origin dates back to the character and personality of the great Arabian Prophet, Mohammed. Rightly, Sir William Muir has observed "And so true a mirror is the Quran of Mohammad's character, that the saying became proverbial. His character is the Quran." But the Prophet is said to be not only the founder of the Islamic religion but also executive, legislative and .the judicial head of Islam on all the points wherever the Quran was silent. The adjudi­cations of the Prophet of Islam are unique for their simplicity, fairness and equanimity. It is said that he confessed that in the adjudication, of the disputes he. being like other human beings is liable to err. It is said by Ibn Abbas that the Prophet said, "If man were given according to their claims then they would certainly lay claim to the blood of men as well as their property; but an oath is incumbent upon the defen­dant." In its infancy the Muslim law required the complaint to pro­duce witnesses and demanded of the accused to take oath. The sufficiency of the evidence of the witnesses has been stated in Hedaya, thus:The evidence required in a case of whoredom is that of four men, as he has been ordained in Koran….the other evidence required in other criminal cases is that of two men, according to the text of Quran….in all other cases the evidence required is that of two men or one man and two' women whether the case relates to property, or to other rights, such as marriage, divorce, agency, executorship or the like. The rights of the accused in some forms existed under the Muslim Criminal jurisprudence and thus ways and means were devised to insure a fair trial to a person accused of crime. A brief survey of these rights is discussed. The study of Muslim. administration of criminal justice manifests manifold improvements made by the Muslim rulers in the system  during the pre-Muslim period.

[Eakramuddin Malik, Abroo Khan & Ashish  Kumar Singhal. Muslim Legal System On The Rights Of Accused Under Pre Independent India. Rep Opinion 2013;5(2):26-29]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 6

doi:10.7537/marsroj050213.06

Key Words: Islam, Quran, Muslim Law, Jail, Human Rights, Arrest, Judiciary.

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The Role Of Indian Judiciary In Eradicating  Corruption

Iqramuddin Malik,¹ Abroo Khan¹ & Dr. Ashish Kumar Singhal²

1. Department of Law,Subharti University,Meerut,Uttar Pradesh,India

2.Department of Law,Invertis University,Bareilly,Uttar Pradesh,India

ashish_kumar112000@yahoo.com

Abstract: Judiciary being the guardian of the Constitution, corruption in any form is not at all expected in this organ of government. But to our misfortune this weed has entered the most sacred organ of the government. How far can we go with a Judicial System which is inefficient and cannot protect the rights of the peoples on account of prevailing corruption? Can we afford to ignore the pregnant silence of the people who are the ultimate sufferer of this menace? It is high time for the Judiciary to cull out this menace or else it would be too late. This study is based on the extent of corruption in judicial system as well as in other governmental organization its causes and how to combat this problem the effective decision of Judiciary not only to eradicate corruption in Judicial System but also other organs of government. One of the fundamental rights of humankind is the expectation of reciprocity of treatment in the conduct of one’s affairs. This translates into being just and fair, and to be so treated in the courts which are charged with administering justice. In discharging this obligation, the streams of justice must be kept pure and unadulterated, not clogged or polluted.

[Iqramuddin Malik, Abroo Khan, Ashish Kumar Singhal. The Role Of Indian Judiciary In Eradicating  Corruption. Rep Opinion 2013;5(2):30-32]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 7

doi:10.7537/marsroj050213.07

Key Words: Corruption, Judiciary, Government, Fundamental Right, Citizen.

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Impact of Adaptive Modulation performance of wideband OFDM communication: Case Study

Nidhi Malhotra

M. Tech. Electronics and Communication Engineering

Bhagwant Institute of Technology, Muzaffarnagar

Abstract: In this paper we will discuss about the adaptive modulation of wideband communication as the demand of high quality service in next generation wireless communication systems, a high performance of data transmission requires an increase of spectrum efficiency and an improvement of error performance in wireless communication systems. Here firstly we have investigated the OFDM system performance of adaptive modulation. In this to further enhance the system, we employ convolution coding to OFDM system.

[Nidhi Malhotra. Impact of Adaptive Modulation performance of wideband OFDM communication: Case Study. Rep Opinion 2013; 5(2):33-34]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 8

doi:10.7537/marsroj050213.08

Keywords: Adaptive Modulation, wireless communication, 4G, OFDM Communication.

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Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction in Banking Sector of Pakistan

Muhammad Imran Qureshi ¹, Adeel Rustum ², Sehrish Rustum ² , Abdullah Bin Omar ²  Khalid Zaman ¹

1.       Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.

2.       MS Scholar, Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.

khalidzaman@ciit.net.pk

Abstract: Customer satisfaction has strong influence on the efficiency and financial performance of banks. Customers are satisfied when quality services of banks meets their expectations and the level of dissatisfaction occurs when banks are unable and failed to fulfill their expectations. The study investigates the factors which may influence customer’s satisfaction in banking sector of Pakistan. The study is conducted on the basis of convenient sampling and around one thousand questionnaires were distributed to corporate customers of different banks located in four provinces of Pakistan. Factor analysis was used for the measurement of items which may strongly influence customer’s level of satisfaction. The result indicates that core services provided by the banks are best predictors of customer satisfaction.

[Qureshi, M, M, Rustam, A., Rustam,S., Omar, B, O., Zaman, K. Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction in Banking Sector of Pakistan. Rep Opinion 2013;5(2):35-39]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 9

doi:10.7537/marsroj050213.09

Key words: Customers, Satisfaction, Quality services, Banking sector, Factor analysis, Pakistan.   

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The effect of carbon source of growth medium on α-amylase production by strains of Penicillium solitum and Aspergillus rubrum isolated from yam (Dioscorea alata)

Adekunle Odunayo Adejuwon¹ , Olusola Abiola Ladokun²

¹Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Information Technology and Applied Sciences, Lead City, University, Ibadan, Nigeria

²Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Information Technology and Applied Sciences, Lead City, University, Ibadan, Nigeria

adejuwon_ao@yahoo.com

Abstract: Penicillium solitum and Aspergillus rubrum isolated from deteriorated yam (Dioscorea alata) using potato dextrose agar grew and sporulated at 25^oC. They expressed α-amylase activity in a synthetic growth medium with potassium nitrate as nitrogen source and certain carbon sources. The carbon sources were varied and were starch, maltose, sucrose, galactose, glucose and lactose. Rice (Oryza sativa) also supported fungal growth and α-amylase production. When rice was growth medium, Aspergillus rubrum seemed a better producer of α-amylase than Penicillium solitum as expressed on the tenth day of inoculation. Highest activity was expressed by Penicillium solitum on the tenth day of inoculation of the synthetic medium when maltose was carbon source. Least activity was expressed by Aspergillus rubrum when galactose was carbon source.

[Adejuwon AO, Ladokun OA. The effect of carbon source of growth medium on α-amylase production by strains of Penicillium solitum and Aspergillus rubrum isolated from yam (Dioscorea alata). Rep Opinion 2013;5(2):40-42]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 10

doi:10.7537/marsroj050213.10

Keywords: Penicillium solitum; Aspergillus rubrum; α-amylase; growth medium; carbon source; nitrogen source.

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Ambient Air Quality and Noise monitoring in Haridwar City of Uttarakhand State (India)

Sushil Bhadula and B. D. Joshi*

Dept. of Zoology, Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology, Dehradun

*Dept. of Zoology and Environmental sciences, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar

Abstract: In the present study, four parameters viz. RSPM, SPM, SO₂ and NO₂ were studied during October to December 2011, at three busy intersections of Haridwar city namely; Singh Dwar, Prem Nagar Ashram Chowk and Chandi Chowk to assess the impact of vehicular emission on air quality of concerned area. Noise levels were also monitored for sites with the help of Sound Level Meter. The minimum and maximum value for RSPM were recorded 86.20 µgm^-3 and 99.75 µgm^-3 at Prem Nagar Ashram Chowk and Chandi Chowk, respectively. The minimum 285.90 µgm^-3 and maximum 400.50 µgm^-3 value for SPM were recorded at Prem Nagar Ashram Chowk and Singh Dwar, respectively. The minimum 7.15 µgm^-3 and maximum 9.10 µgm^-3 values for SO₂ were recorded at Prem Nagar Ashram Chowk and Chandi Chowk, respectively. The minimum 9.99 µgm^-3 and maximum 11.39 µgm^-3 value for NO₂ were recorded at Prem Nagar Ashram Chowk and Chandi Chowk, respectively. In the present study, it was found that the noise level in all three different sites was higher as comparison to the standard prescribed limit of noise.

[Sushil Bhadula and B. D. Joshi. Ambient Air Quality and Noise monitoring in Haridwar City of Uttarakhand State (India). Rep Opinion 2013;5(2):43-45]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 11

doi:10.7537/marsroj050213.11

Keywords: Ambient; Air; Quality; Noise; monitor.

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Comparative effect of medium composition on bioflocculant production by microorganisms isolated from wastewater samples

Gboyega Adebami, Adebayo-Tayo Bukola Christianah.

Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

Corresponding Author: bukola.tayo@gmail.com

Abstract: A bioflocculant is a kind of biodegradable polymeric flocculants produced by many microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes during their growth. Bioflocculant have special advantages such as safety for ecosystems, potential flocculating effects, biodegradability and harmlessness to humans and the environment. Based on these unique properties it may potentially be applied in production industries for various purposes. In this study, a total of thirty nine (39) bacteria were isolated from three different wastewater samples from Oyo and Osun states. The isolates were screened for bioflocculant production using kaolin solution (5g/L) as a test material. There was a significant different (P≥0.05) in the flocculating ability of the isolates. The percentage flocculating activity ranged from 03.00^p – 75.63^a % in which isolate TB3 had the highest followed in order by isolates TM3, AM6 and API, while isolate AP3 had the least.  Six isolates with the best flocculating activity selected and identified phenotypically were: Enterobacter asburiae AM6, Streptococcus plurextorum AP1, Solibacillus silvestri AP4, Bacillus licheniformis NB2, Citrobacter sp. TB3 and Paenibacillus polymyxa TM3. The isolates were used for bioflocculant production using different medium (Medium 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively). There was a significant difference (P≥0.05) in the flocculating activity of the isolates in production medium. In Medium 1 the percentage flocculating activity ranged from 31.0 -89.19% in which isolate AP4 had the highest. About 33.5% of the isolate (AP4 and TB2) had flocculating activity above 70%. In Medium 2 the percentage flocculating activity ranged from 32.91 -89.19% in which isolate AP4 had the highest. About 83.3% of the isolate (AM6, AP1, AP4, NB2 and TB2) had flocculating activity above 70%.  In Medium 3 the percentage flocculating activity ranged from 34.81 -78.38% in which isolate AP4 had the highest. About 66.7% of the isolate (AM6, AP1, AP4 and TB2) had flocculating activity above 70%. In Medium 4 the percentage flocculating activity ranged from 34.65 -88.02% in which isolate NB2 had the highest. About 66.7% of the isolate (AM6, AP1, AP4 and NB2) had flocculating activity above 70%. [Gboyega Adebami. Adebayo-Tayo Bukola Christianah. Comparative effect of medium composition on bioflocculant production by microorganisms isolated from wastewater samples. Rep Opinion 2013;5(2):46-53]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 12

doi:10.7537/marsroj050213.12

Key words: Waste waters, Bacteria, Bioflocculant, Production medium, Flocculating activity.

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