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Therapeutic efficacy of Tapinanthus globiferus on acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity, inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in albino rats.

Adekunle A.S., Afolabi, O.K., Oyewo, B.E

Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

kunleniran@yahoo.com.

ABSTRACT: Nephrotoxicity due to acetaminophen toxicity has been reported in many studies. This study was therefore designed to access the nephroprotective effect of Tapinanthus globiferus on possible acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity. There were elevations in markers of inflammation namely tumor necrotic factor alpha and interleukin 2 and activities of gamma glutamyl transferase in groups given different doses of acetaminophen when compared with control. Serum concentrations of creatinine and urea were elevated in rats given acetaminophen. Serum concentrations of total proteins and albumin were reduced in groups given different doses of acetaminophen. However, all the side effects were ameliorated in rats given T. globiferus alongside acetaminophen. The study showed that administration of T. globiferus reduced damages due to acetaminophen administrations either at normal or higher doses.

[Adekunle A.S., Afolabi, O.K., Oyewo, B.E. Therapeutic efficacy of Tapinanthus globiferus on acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity, inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in albino rats. Report and Opinion 2012;4(3):1-5]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1

doi:10.7537/marsroj040312.01

KEY WORDS: Acetaminophen, nephrotoxicity, tapinanthus globiferus, inflammation, oxidative stress.

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Antioxidant Activity and HPLC Analysis of Zanthozylum zanthoxyloide

¹Adekunle A.S., ²Kamdem J.P., ³Aline A. B., ²Rocha J.B.T

¹ Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria.

^1&2 Departamento de Química, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.

³ Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria,

RS 97105-900, Brazil.

kunleniran@yahoo.com.

Abstract: Acceptance of medicinal plants in the treatment of ailments is increasing around the globe. Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides was assessed for its antioxidant activity and presence of phenolic and flavonoid contents. Z. Zanthoxyloide demonstrated antioxidant ability by scavenging DPPH radicals and chelating iron. It reduces generation of reactive oxygen species in isolated mitochondria in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide. These activities were dose-dependent. High performance liquid chromatographic analyses revealed presence of phenolic acids such as chlorogenic and caffeic acids and flavonoid compounds such as quercetin, rutin and kaempferol. In conclusion, Z. Zanthoxyloide demonstrated high antioxidant activity which may be due to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.

[Adekunle Adeniran Sanmi, Kamdem Jean Paul, Aline Augustina Bouligue, Rocha Joao Baptista Texeira. Antioxidant Activity and HPLC Analysis of Zanthozylum zanthoxyloide. Report and Opinion 2012;4(3):6-13]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 2

doi:10.7537/marsroj040312.02

Key words: Z.zanthoxyloides, medicinal plants, antioxidants, free radicals

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Magico-Religious Therapies of the Rath Region of Garwhal Himalaya

Harsh Mani Pant^1,*, Neelam Pant²

1. District Project Management Unit (SWAJAL), Gopeshwar-246 401, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India

2. District Project Management Unit (SWAJAL), S-53 Rajpur Road DehraDun-248001, Uttarakhand, India

*Correspondence: dr_pant_harsh@yahoo.co.in,nbbotdav@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study was conducted on the magicio religious therapies of the Rath region of Garhwal Himalaya. The study reveals that peoples of Rath region believe on magico religious therapies primarly to cure all type of disease. They believe their local god (Kul-Devta) to cure the diseases. They thought that when their local god (Kul Dewta) being angry then they suffer from illness. To happy their god they do different type of things like Jagar, Thau-dham, Tantra-mantra etc.

[Harsh Mani Pant, Neelam Pant. Magico-Religious Therapies of the Rath Region of Garwhal Himalaya. Report and Opinion 2012;4(3):14-16]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 3

doi:10.7537/marsroj040312.03

Key words: Magico-religious, Rath Region, Garhwal Himalaya, Mystic-priest, Jagar

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ANALYSIS OF DEVOLUTION OF EDUCATIONALMANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN: MANAGER’S PERCEPTION

Asad Naeem Manuchaher¹, Dr. Aftab Ahmed², Abdul Waheed³

1. PhD Scholar Prseton University, Islamabad Campus

2. Assistant Regional Director, AIOU Regional Centre Chakwal.

3. PhD Scholar Prseton University, Islamabad Campus

Email: aftabmughal@gmail.com

Abstract: The main objectives of study were to compare the role of educational managers in pre and post devolution period, to study the changes occurred in educational system of Pakistan and their effectiveness in present education system after devolution. The study was delimited to the management system of secondary education in the Punjab. Stratified random sampling was used to select the sample. The structured questionnaires were designed Executive District Officers (Education). It was found that the Executive District Officers (Education) confessed the interference of District Nazim in performing duties according to rule and policy and funds allocation for development schemes was not made on merit. Educational activities were being monitored and District Nazim was not helpful to promote education activities due to his interruption District Nazims influenced in recruitment and transfers of teachers and made hurdle in smooth running of system. Funds were not allocated according to requirements in institutions. Training needs were not being fulfilled by local government. The study recommended the Executive District Officers (Education) may be given role of impartial and independent in decision making process.

Asad Naeem Manuchaher, Aftab Ahmed, Abdul Waheed. Analysis of devolution of educational management System in Pakistan: manager’s perception. Report and Opinion 2012; 4(3):17-22]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 4

doi:10.7537/marsroj040312.04

Key words: Education, devolution, management

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Model of occupational stress, that take of organizational commitment and normal personality type in staff of Banks.

Maryam khodabakhshi¹; Dr.Gayane Shaverdian²

1.PHD student of department of psychology in Yerevan state university in Armenia.

2.Deapartment of psychology in Yerevan state university in Armenia.

Khodabakhshi23@gmail.com

Abstract: This research has been conducted to determine a model of occupational stress regarding people personality types, norm of working community and their organizational commitment. Method of this research is descriptive correlation method; statistical society of this research includes all staff members of Shahr Bank of Iran, among them 300 people were selected by random cluster sampling approach from Tehran. In this research some questionnaires of personality types Myers - Briggs, Philip L. Rice occupational stress, Alan - Mayer organizational commitment have been used to determine the normal people personality types, occupational stress, organizational commitment. The findings from step by step regression analysis showed that the most important predictors of occupational stress are emotional and introversive types of personality that have lower organizational commitment in emotional, normative, and continuous dimensions and by using these findings a model is presented to predict the occupational stress.

[Maryam khodabakhshi; Gayane Shaverdian. Model of occupational stress, that take of organizational commitment and normal personality type in staff of Banks. Report and Opinion 2012; 4(3):23-30]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 5

doi:10.7537/marsroj040312.05

Key words: model of occupational stress, personality types, organizational commitment

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Nucleated red blood cells and eosinopenia as a high risk mortality marker in patients of the intensive care units

Amal Sabry¹, Amr Abd Allah², Lamiaa Salama³

¹Alexandria University, anesthesia and surgical intensive care department, Alexandria, Egypt

²Alexandria University, critical care medicine department, Alexandria, Egypt

³Alexandria University, critical care medicine department, Alexandria, Egypt

amalsabry_m@yahoo.com; amrabdalla1971icu@gmail.com; drbungooo@yahoo.com

Abstract: Finding a reliable marker for mortality and morbidity in the intensive care will always remain a challenge in our daily ICU practice. Intensivists are always concerned with the appropriate time to stop treatment and when to relocate patients to ward. This mandates further research to find a reliable marker for morbidity and mortality that can guide the course of treatment in ICU. Among all, NRBCs and eosinopenia were the most interesting. Also, eosinopenia showed a strong correlation with infection, which is considered a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in ICU. Thus, in our study, we were interested in investigating the impact of these two available cheap parameters on mortality among intensive care patients. The current study was conducted on 230 patients admitted to ICU over a six month period. Patients below the age of 18, trauma patients and surgical patients were excluded from this study. On the day of admission, informed consents were obtained and APACHE II and SAPS II scores were calculated for all patients. NRBCs and eosinophils were measured using the automated blood analyzer Sysmex XE 2100 and results were confirmed with a peripheral blood smear. Mortality was monitored during the ICU stay period. Our results revealed that 27.39% of ICU patients were NRBC-positive, and nearly 31% of them showed NRBCs in their blood on the day of admission. The total mortality of NRBC-positive patients was 50.8%. When compared to the total mortality of the NRBC-negative patients (8.4%), we realize the high prognostic power of the mechanized NRBCs detection in blood as regards mortality, revealing sensitivity of 69.6% and specificity of 83.2%, thus, increasing the mortality risk by eleven folds. the length of ICU stay of the NRBC-positive patients (12.86 days), which was nearly double that of the NRBC-negative patients (5.42 days). NRBCs appeared around seven days before mortality, thus, could be considered an early marker. Patients with NRBC–positive blood profile or worsening eosinopenia should raise the suspicion for a deteriorating pathology and should not be relocated to ward or discharged to home, even if apparently healthy, unless fully investigated.

[Amal Sabry, Amr Abd Allah, Lamiaa Salama. Nucleated red blood cells and eosinopenia as a high risk mortality marker in patients of the intensive care units. Report and Opinion 2012;4(3):31-38]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 6

doi:10.7537/marsroj040312.06

Keywords: NRBCs, eosinopenia, APACHE II, SAPS II

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The Prognostic Significance of QRS Complex Duration In Patients With ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Receiving Thrombolytic Therapy

Tarek Heussien El-Badawy¹; Mohammed Mostafa Abd El-Salam Megahed²; and Mahmoud Abd ELhamied Etman²

¹Cardiology Dep. ²Critical Care Medicine Dep. Faculty of medicine University of Alexandria

Abstract: BACK GROUND: Complete right and left bundle branch block and advanced atrioventricular block present on admission electrocardiograms of patients with acute myocardial infarction, are associated with poor short and long-term outcome. Little is known about the impact of intermediate QRS prolongation (0.09–0.11 s) on the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction and its relation to the systolic function of the heart, AIM OF THE WORK: The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of the QRS complex duration and its relations to mechanical performance of the heart as well as its in hospital prognostic significance in patients presented to Critical Care Department in Alexandria Main University Hospital with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who received thrombolytic therapy. PATIENTS: This prospective study conducted on 30 adult patients of both sexes with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who were admitted to Critical Care Department in Alexandria main university hospital and receiving thrombolytic therapy. METHODS: Beside regular treatment and monitoring Standard resting 12-lead electrocardiograms was obtained at the time of admission, after receiving thrombolytic therapy, daily and before discharge at 25 mm /s and 50mm /s and 1 mV/cm standardization and Echocardiographic examinations were also performed to all patients and data recorded. RESULTS: The 30 patients included in this study were divided into three groups according to the QRS maximum duration: (Group A): patients with QRS max less than 90 msec (n =5). (Group B): patients with QRS max between 90 to 110 msec (n=17). (Group C): Patients with QRS max more than 110 msec (n=8). There was a positive correlation between the QRS duration and the (EF,EDD,ESD,STD score) and there was a statistically significant difference between the mean of the QRS max in patients with and patients without complications. CONCLUSION: In patients with STEMI the QRS duration is a useful indicator of left ventricular systolic function and dimensions and it is easily measured. Also QRS duration is a good predictor of outcome in patients with STEMI.

[Tarek Heussien El-Badawy; Mohammed Mostafa Abd El-Salam Megahed; and Mahmoud Abd ELhamied Etman. The Prognostic Significance of QRS Complex Duration In Patients With ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Receiving Thrombolytic Therapy. Report and Opinion 2012;4(3):39-48]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 7

doi:10.7537/marsroj040312.07

Keywords: prognostic; QRS Complex; Patients; ST Segment; Myocardial Infarction Thrombolytic Therapy

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A COMPUTATIONAL ALGORTIHM FOR THE SOLUTION OF NON HOMOGENOUS LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION: given f(t)=e^t.

ALLI S.G.

Department of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT: Differential equations are quite inevitable in describing diverse kinds of biological and physical processes ranging from various forms to the other. The analytic solution of an homogenous differential equation with f(t)=e^t has been delineated in this work with presentation of a computational algorithm. Invariably, a biological or physical process that can be faithfully described by this particular form of linear non homogenous differential equation can be well solved.

[ALLI S.G. A COMPUTATIONAL ALGORTIHM FOR THE SOLUTION OF NON HOMOGENOUS LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION: given f(t)=e^t. Report and Opinion 2012;4(3):49-51]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 8

doi:10.7537/marsroj040312.08

Key words: O.D.E, non homogenous o.d.e, algorithm, matrix equation, linearity.

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Differential Perception of Human Life Value and Bioethics

Pushkar Aggarwal

1^st Lieutenant, Civil Air Patrol, 13305 Darnestown Road, Gaithersburg, Md-20878

Aggarwal.pushkar@gmail.com

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to reflect on the potential of perception of different value of human life in influencing ethics violations particularly in health and medical research. It is opined here that sometimes the members of research community and business entities perceive their own life to be more precious than other lives. The factor discussed for bioethical violations is the perception of different importance of human lives of people of different races, cultures, regions, countries or ethnic origins in the minds of fellow humans. The experiments carried out on Jews in Nazi camps, African-American people in Tuskegee experiment, and Guatemalans in Guatemala Syphilis experiment point to this perception. The learned medical scientists know what morally sound medical research is; however sometimes they are influenced by their perception of value of other human‘s life. The researchers for clinical or experimental trials are drawn to inhabitants of underdeveloped or developing nations as they perceive that if in case there is any harm to the clinical subjects’ health, there won’t be any big payouts; as the worth of those subjects is less than clinical subjects in a developed country. In some of the unethical human experimentations, the effected populations were vulnerable due to their social or economic conditions, being a war personnel, mentally depressed or being inmates in prisons. This vulnerability of the subjects makes the researcher throw away the concept of ‘equality in the value of human life’. As long as this mentality of different values of human life persists, it will feed into ethical violations in spite of regulations or laws.

[Pushkar Aggarwal. Differential Perception of Human Life Value and Bioethics. Report and Opinion 2012;4(3):52-54]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 9

doi:10.7537/marsroj040312.09

Keywords: Bioethics, research, human life, Guatemala, syphilis

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Comparative analysis of brain executive functions in girls and boys and determination the relationship of executive functions with depression disorder

Ziba Shahabi، ¹ Abolghasem Mehrinejad ² ، Monavareh Yazdi ³ ،Zohreh Khosravi⁴

1.Student of phd, Alzahra University, Tehran,Iran.

www.ziba.shahabi@yahoo.com

2. associate professore, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

3. associate professore, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

4. associate professore, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: The aim of current study is comparative analyzing of executive functions in girls and boys and also determination the relationship of executive functions with depression disorder. Method: the sample includes 1200 students (600 girls, 600 boys) of elementary school who were selected through multi step cluster sampling from all of students of Tehran. Sample group of depression disorder includes 45 students (24 girls and 21 boys) who were selected through a questionnaire. Gathered Data were analyzed by behavioral ranking inventory of executive functions and the questionnaire of morbid symptoms of children through statistical descriptive and inferential methods. Results: in comparison of executive functions of girls and boys by behavioral ranking inventory of executive functions (Brief), girls were better than boys in all of functions except emotional control. The results of analysis of relationship between executive functions with depression disorder showed that there were a negative relationship between preventive functions, emotional control, directing in behavior regulating dimension, functions of starting and supervision in meta-cognitive dimension depression disorder. Discussion: It seems that brain executive functions are different in girls and boys because of shared activity of this region with cortical and sub cortical regions, anatomical substructures and dissimilar growth processes of the brain in girls and boys. Since we can trace some cognitive emotional disorders in depression, most of executive functions are associated with depression.

[Ziba Shahabi، Abolghasem Mehrinejad ، Monavareh Yazdi, ،Zohreh Khosravi. Comparative analysis of brain executive functions in girls and boys and determination the relationship of executive functions with depression disorder. Report and Opinion 2012;4(3):55-61]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 10

doi:10.7537/marsroj040312.10

Key words: executive functions, depression disorder, gender

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