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Role of Diatom Test in Forensic Science for Examination of Drowning Cases

¹Ajay Kumar, ²Manoj Malik and ³Anita Kadian

^{1, 2, 3}Forensic Science laboratory, Madhuban, Karnal-132001, Haryana (India).

¹Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana (India).

e-mail* - ajayindorakuk@yahoo.com

Abstract: Diatom analysis is a valuable tool in forensic science and it is useful in diagnosis of drowning cases. The basic principal of the “diatom test” in drowning is based on correlation between diatoms are present in the medium where the possible drowning took place and inhalation of water causes penetration of diatoms into the alveolar system and blood stream. These diatoms are deposit into the brain, kidneys and other organs. For solving of drowning cases, hard bones (sternum and clavical) as well as soft tissues (lungs and liver) of drowned bodies and sample of water in which possible drowning take place are usually sent to the Forensic Science Laboratories for detection of diatom. In present study, 7 drowning human cases are examined. Acid digestion test method on laboratory rats were used on the basic for evaluation of diatoms methods as supporting in forensic of drowning. Result revealed from examined of 7 human cases are suspected for drowning, four cases are positive (death due to drowning) while three cases are negative (death other than drowning).

[Ajay Kumar, Manoj Malik and Anita Kadian. Role of Diatom Test in Forensic Science for Examination of Drowning Cases. Report and Opinion 2011;3(9):1-5]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

http://www.sciencepub.net/report

doi:10.7537/marsroj030911.01

Keywords - Drowning, Diatoms, Bone marrow, Centrifugation, Microscopy

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Study of Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs): Gastro-Intestinal Helminthes among school children in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Odu NN¹, Okonko IO¹, and Erhi O²

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, ²Department of Microbiology, Institute of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria

odungozi@yahoo.com; +2348064341944

Abstract : This study reports on detection and prevalence of intestinal parasites among school children in Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State, Nigeria. Stool samples were collected from 100(46.5%) males and 115(53.5%) females. Microscopic examination of both thin and thick films of the stool sample were done. In all, three intestinal helminthes were identified. The overall prevalence was 30.7% and this was predominantly among male school children (37.0%) than in females (25.2%) from both locations. Of the three parasite species observed, T. trichiura (39.4%) was the most predominant helminthes in this study. This was closely followed by A. lumbricoides (33.3%) and hook worm (27.3%) was the least. Generally, intestinal helminthes was most predominant in samples from Emohua State Primary School (ESPS), Emohua (90.9%) than those from University Demonstration Primary School (UDPS) in Choba (9.1%)]. Intestinal helminthes were most predominant among children aged 10-15 years (57.6%) than those within age group 5-9 years (42.4%) of age from both locations. It further showed that among the male school children, A. lumbricoides (63.6%) was most predominant, followed by hook worms (55.6%) and T. trichiura (50.0%) was least predominant. There were no incidence or prevalence of multiple infections of any of the three helminthes in the study. This study shows that a good percentage of people were infested by parasitic protozoa and worms and reinforces the need for an urgent effort to check the unnecessary and avoidable heavy parasites load.

[Odu NN, Okonko IO, and Erhi O. Study of Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs): Gastro-Intestinal Helminthes among school children in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Report and Opinion 2011;3(9):6-16]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report

doi:10.7537/marsroj030911.02

Keywords: A. lumbricoides, Trichuria trichuria, hook worm, Gastro-intestinal parasites, helminthes,

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Information Management in Development Organizations in Niger State, Nigeria

Akawu, Lami

Abubakar Gimba Library, IBB University, Lapai, Nigeria.

E-mail: lamiakawu@gmail.com

Abstract:The study is on information management in Development Organization in Niger state of Nigeria. The study investigates the type of information generated, how generated information are organized and the channels used in disseminating information within and outside the Organizations. Purposive sampling technique was used to select nine (9) Local Government areas and their head office in Niger state. Questionnaire was the method used to collect data from respondents. The indicates among others that information regarding to legal contracts and regulatory, Information linking input and output and Evaluation reports were commonly generated. Information generated was not properly organized and Radio, Interpersonal contact/face to face and Television were commonly used as channels of information dissemination. The study suggests that that Development organization should improve in the generation of information and should have a standard method organizing their information by employing Librarians to effectively manage all information.

 [Akawu, Lami.Information Management in Development Organizations in Niger State, Nigeria. Report and Opinion 2011;3(9):17-21]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report

doi:10.7537/marsroj030911.03

Keywords: Information; Information Management; Information Generation; Information Organization; Information Dissemination

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Econometric Analysis Of Urban Charcoal Demand In Ogbomoso Metropolis

Ajao, A.O

Agricultural Economics Department, Ladoke Akintola Univeristy Of Technology, Ogbomoso

oaajao57@lautech.edu.ng

Abstract: The study analyzes urban households demand for charcoal within the context of overall household cooking fuel consumption, with specific objectives of estimating the respective proportion of expenditure of the main cooking fuel types in total fuel expenditure and describing the household and fuel characteristics which determine demand for charcoal in urban areas, as these will help in effective management of the attendant problems of charcoal demand based deforestation. The study employed the use of cross-sectional data from urban households survey conducted on a sample of two hundred households from ten communities in the area. The data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Almost Ideal Demand System Model estimated by Ordinary Least Square Regression. Results show that households allocate an average of 12% of their total expenditure to fuel purchase, while on the average; households allocate 47%, 7%, 44% and 2% of their fuel budget to charcoal, fuel wood, kerosene and gas respectively.

[Ajao, A.O. Econometric Analysis Of Urban Charcoal Demand In Ogbomoso Metropolis. Report and Opinion 2011;3(9):22-29]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report

doi:10.7537/marsroj030911.04

Key words: charcoal; fuel; deforestation

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