Report and Opinion
Volume
3 - Issue 3, Cumulated 21, March 25, 2011, ISSN 1553-9873
Cover Page,
Introduction,
Contents, Call for
Papers, All papers in one file
All
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Welcome to send your
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CONTENTS
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Titles / Authors
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1
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[Report and Opinion 2011;3(3):1-10]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030311.01
Withdrawn
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1
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2
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Assessing Criteria
of empowering rural women in developing countries
Sharareh Khodamoradi
1 and
Mohammad Abedi2
1
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Science and
Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2Department
of Agricultural Management, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr
Branch, Iran
*Corresponding
author: abedi114@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Rural
women’s financial self-reliance has many social & economic
influence as it made them self-sufficiency, it changes economic
behavior and it makes women independent, it will be effective in
economic development in family & society , it also improve the
women’s roles in society and it causes self-confidence in women
, it builds family strength and it causes to respect the women
rights more than before and women will become equal with men in
all their rights, of course we won’t have patriarchy in the
family . The women’s empowerment in the rural society will
increase because of all the aspects of rural women’s
self-reliance and their position will be confirmed.
[Sharareh
Khodamoradi and Mohammad Abedi.
Assessing Criteria
of empowering rural women in developing countries.
Report and Opinion 2011;3(3):11-15]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030311.02
Keywords:
rural women, empowerment |
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC
CONSTRAINTS TO FISH FARMING INTEGRATION AND IMPEDIMENTS TO THE
ACCEPTABILITY OF FISH CULTURED FED WITH MAGGOTS IN ABEOKUTA
ZONE OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
OLAOYE, O. J.1;
I. A. AKINTAYO2; M. A. ADEKOYA3; F. B.
AJE4 and 4BAMIDELE, N. A.
Agricultural
Media Resources and Extension Centre1
University of
Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
olaoyejacob@yahoo.co.nz/08030609566
Nigeria Institute
for Oceanography and Marine Research2
Victoria Inland,
Lagos State, Nigeria
hagabiola@yahoo.com
Department of
Plant Breeding and Seed Technology3
University of
Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
munawarm11@yahoo.com
Department of
Aquaculture and Fisheries Management4
University of
Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
aquafishgood@yahoo.com
Corresponding
Author:
aquafishgood@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The
study was conducted to evaluate the Socio-economic constraints
to integrated fish farming and impediments to the
acceptability of fish cultured fed with maggot in Abeokuta
zone of Ogun State. Four blocks out of six blocks were studied
namely: Ilugun, Olorunda, Wasimi, and Ifo. Primary data were
obtained from 120 fish farmers with structured interview
schedule which were selected using purposive and convenience
sampling techniques and the return rate was 83.3%. The result
reveals that majority (73%) of the fish farmers are male, 63%
are in the active age distribution of 41 – 50 years, tertiary
education (66%) while 95% are in the bracket of 1 – 10 years
business experience, married (77%) and 70% are Christians. 83%
are not members of co-operatives society and the annual income
of many (40%) are above N100, 000. The study confirmed
that lack of enough capital, access to extension services and
unavailability of high quality fingerlings was their major
constraints faced by integrated fish farmers. Most of the
farmers engaged in integrated fish farming made profit and
obtained their information from multimedia approach of
communication. Therefore, the public opinions on fish fed with
maggot are irritated to consumers (90%), 36% of the fish
farmers said that maggot should be used to compliment with
other feeds while 13% said that it was cheaper than any other
feeds and (85%) of the farmers believed that fish cultured
with maggot from pigs manure will not be acceptable to some
people based on religion beliefs and fear of disease invasion.
There was significant association between the socio-economics
characteristics of the fish farmers and the level of
constraints faced in integrated fish farming.
[OLAOYE,
O. J.; I. A. AKINTAYO; M. A. ADEKOYA; F. B. AJE
and BAMIDELE, N. A.
Socio-Economic Constraints to Fish Farming Integration And
Impediments to the Acceptability of Fish Cultured Fed with
Maggots in Abeokuta Zone of Ogun State, Nigeria.
Report and Opinion 2011;3(3):16-29]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030311.03
Key words:
Socio-economic, Integrated Fish Farming, Fish Cultured,
Maggots
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Effect of declining socio-economic condition on HIV pandemic
among adolescents in Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Akinduti P.A1 and Oladeinde O.O2
1.
Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Olabisi
Onabanjo
University, Ago-Iwoye,
Ogun
State. P.O. Box 73, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. niyiakinduti@yahoo.com
2. State Action Committee on AIDS (SACA),
Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Effect of declining socio-economic conditions which have
encouraged HIV prevalence,
reducing capacities for personal and social achievement, and
increasing uncertain future among the adolescents was studied in
Abeokuta, Nigeria. The study was designed as descriptive
cross-sectional study among adolescents age 15-25 using
structured quantitative and qualitative questionnaire to
investigate the adolescents' sexual behaviour has a major cause
of HIV/AIDS and declining socio-economic condition as motivating
factor that prone many adolescents into sex business and
contraction of HIV/AIDS. 60.0% of the respondents are male and
40.0% female of mean age 21.5+4. 81.3% were single, 16.3%
were married and 2.5% were already divorced or separated from
their spouse. 58.8% have had sexual encounter with 37.5% agreed
to have use condom for sex while 40.0% of them have gone for the
routine HIV screening test but only 1.25% was tested positive.
Their attitudinal relationship with HIV+ people by means of
social activities as hug, live,
eat, sleep, sharing bed, bath and toilet, kiss and use of
exercise equipment is significant, suggesting discrimination and
stigmatization to HIV positive individuals. (X2 =
36.149, df = 1, p < 0.000). 51.3% got daily income less than
#500, majority of 89.8% are not satisfied with their income,
while 7.5% agreed that they could give out their body to raise
fund for their economic sustenance. It is evident that lack of
education, poverty, unemployment, instability of government
policy on HIV control and poor socio-economic condition limit
young people’s choices and vulnerabilities to HIV and other
STDs. Social and economic development strategies for poverty
reduction are necessary and should be geared towards reducing
inequalities, and generation of employment opportunities.
[Akinduti P.A and Oladeinde O.O. Effect of
declining socio-economic condition on HIV pandemic among
adolescents in
Abeokuta, Nigeria. Report and Opinion 2011;3(3):30-39]. (ISSN:
1553-9873).
http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030311.04
Keywords:
HIV, socio-economic, sex, pandemic, poverty |
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Study of Leakage Power,
Controlled by Input Vector Technique
Vijay Kumar Sharma
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, College
of Engineering, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad (U.P.)-India
vijay.buland@gmail.com
Abstract:
In the scaling of MOS devices requires use of ultra-thin
gate oxides to maintain a reasonable short channel effect. Such
thin oxides give rise to high electric fields, resulting in
considerable direct tunneling current. For CMOS devices with
thicker oxides, the major leakage mechanism is sub-threshold
current, which increases due to the short channel effect. Hence,
circuit techniques used to control sub-threshold leakage need to
be reinvestigated to evaluate their effectiveness in improving
the overall leakage current. The “transistor stacking” technique
is proven to be extremely effective in lowering sub-threshold
leakage in the standby-mode of operation of a circuit. This
paper presents to determine the input vector that minimizes
leakage current of nanometer CMOS circuits during sleep mode
considering stack effect.
[Vijay
Kumar Sharma. Study of Leakage Power, Controlled by Input
Vector Technique.
Report and Opinion 2011;3(3):40-43]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030311.05
Keywords:
Nanometer CMOS, Leakage Power, Sub-threshold Leakage Current,
Stacking |
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Improving education through online Learning
Sharareh Khodamoradi
1 and
Mohammad Abedi2
1
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Science and
Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2Department
of Agricultural Management, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr
Branch, Iran
*Corresponding author: abedi114@yahoo.com
Abstract:
In its
original form, teachers using distance education traveled to
remote sites and taught a class, or corresponded with students
through mail, telephone, or fax machine. Individualized study
has been a method of reaching the remote student for some time.
Detailed course instructions are sent to the learner who
performs the assigned tasks and returns the completed work to
the teacher for evaluation and reassignment if necessary. rural
women take different responsibility and roles such as producers
of crops , ranching and keeping poultry , children education ,
housekeeping , supervising family economy and managing it ,
collecting firewood , weaving carpet , so illiterate women who
haven’t possibility to utilize mass media properly too ,
wouldn’t able to do their duties and roles and also wouldn’t be
affective to develop rural societies . So importance of
education is very critical for rural women especially
extensional educations. Approximately in most UN reports, women
has been considered as greatest deprived group at human
societies, while at global level, about two third of all affairs
is done by women. But only one third of all recorded affairs
relates to women. And also just 1% of proceeds of estates and
assets of world belong to women and two third of illiterates of
world are women, however they form 50% of workforce at
agriculture part and they produce half of foods at all over the
world.
[Sharareh
Khodamoradi and Mohammad Abedi].
Improving education through online
Learning. Report and
Opinion 2011;3(3):44-]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030311.06
Keywords:
education, online Learning |
Full Text |
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Rural
women empowerment and its relationship with rural development
Sharareh Khodamoradi
1 and
Mohammad Abedi2
1
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Science and
Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2Department
of Agricultural Management, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr
Branch, Iran
*Corresponding
author: abedi114@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Technologies
for learning at a distance are also enlarging our definition of
how students learn, where they learn, and who teaches them. No
one technology is best for all situations and applications.
Different technologies have different capabilities and
limitations, and effective implementation will depend on
matching technological capabilities to education needs.
rural women take different responsibility and roles such as
producers of crops , ranching and keeping poultry , children
education , housekeeping , supervising family economy and
managing it , collecting firewood , weaving carpet , so
illiterate women who haven’t possibility to utilize mass media
properly too , wouldn’t able to do their duties and roles and
also wouldn’t be affective to develop rural societies . So
importance of education is very critical for rural women
especially extensional educations. Approximately in most UN
reports, women has been considered as greatest deprived group at
human societies, while at global level, about two third of all
affairs is done by women. But only one third of all recorded
affairs relates to women. And also just 1% of proceeds of
estates and assets of world belong to women and two third of
illiterates of world are women, however they form 50% of
workforce at agriculture part and they produce half of foods at
all over the world.
[Sharareh
Khodamoradi and Mohammad Abedi].
Rural
women empowerment and its relationship with rural development.
Report and
Opinion 2011;3(3):49-54]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030311.07
Keywords:
empowerment, rural women,
rural development |
Full Text |
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A Comparative
Study on the Moral Judgment Level Among Asian Students
1Peter
Ma Salva, 2He - Jason Huang, 3Chun – Tsai
Lin
1Institute
of Accounts, Business and Finance, Far Eastern University,
Nicanor Reyes Street, Sampaloc 1008,
Manila, Philippines
2Department
of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University
70 Lien-hai Road,
Kushan District, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
3General
Education Center, Cheng Shiu University.
840 Chen Chin Road,
Niao Song District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
Emails:
peithesalva@yahoo.com,
jhuang1011@gmail.com,
capital789@yahoo.com.tw
ABSTRACT:
Integrity is a
lot like the weather: everyone talks about it, but no one knows
what to do about it (Carter, 1996). Indeed, Integrity is
frequently seen in management literature and is on the rise.
However, the confusion on this term remains as observed by
Palanski (2007): First, little agreement in the literature on
the meaning of integrity (Becker, 1998; Parry and
Proctor-Thomson, 2002). Integrity is frequently vaguely defined
and often overlaps with other terms as morality, ethics,
conscientiousness, honesty, and trustworthiness (Lowe et
al.,2004). Second, in spite of its popularity as a normative
descriptor, there is actually little extant theory about
integrity in the management literature. The confusion and
disagreement about the term likely contribute to the third
problem: relatively few empirical studies concerning
integrity. This exploratory study attempts to identify the
moral judgment level of today’s youth using multidimensional
scales developed by (Nunnally,1969; Churchill, 1979; and
Campbell and Fiske 1959). Normative philosophies shall be
employed to test their significance. Normative philosophies are
idealization and accordingly make stronger statements about
what ought to be rather what actually is (Reidenbach
and Robin, 1990). However, in most cases what is does
not really conforms to what ought to be? Questionnaires
shall be distributed to senior students who are in the areas of
Accountancy, Business, Arts and Sciences, Engineering, and
Nursing. Data gathered shall be analyzed using statistical
methods. A significant contribution of this paper is to provide
a prelude on the current moral judgment level of the youth.
[Peter
Ma Salva, He - Jason Huang, Chun – Tsai Lin]. A Comparative
Study on the Moral Judgment Level Among Asian Students.
Report and Opinion 2011;3(3):55-63]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030311.08
Keywords:
Moral Integrity, Moral Judgment and Values |
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The manuscripts in this issue
were presented as online first for peer-review, starting from
March 10,
2011.
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