Report and Opinion
Volume
3 - Issue 1, Cumulated 19, January 1, 2011,
ISSN
1553-9873
Cover Page,
Introduction,
Contents, Call for
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CONTENTS
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The diagnostic value of faecal calprotectin
in differentiating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) from
irriable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Hesham Ezz
El Din Said1, Ahmed Aly Monis2, Manal
Mohammed Abd El Aziz3, Engy Yousry El Sayed4,
Sherif Sadek Shabana5, Ahmed Samir Abd El Sadek6
1,2,4,5,6Intenal
Medicine Departement, Ain
Shams University, 3Clinical
Pathology Departement, Ain Shams
University
ashorengy@yahoo.com
Abstract: Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel
disease and irritable bowel syndrome can have overlapping
symptoms, yet a different management. Hence, a noninvasive
biological marker is needed for the assessment of patients with
lower bowel symptoms. Aim: This study aimed at
evaluating the the diagnostic value of faecal calprotectin as a
potential marker in differentiating patients with inflammatory
bowel disease from those with a irritable bowel syndrome. Methods:
twenty patients with IBD and twenty patients with IBS were
recruited from Ain shams university outpatient clinic in the
period between January 2008 to November 2009. In addition, a
control group of 10 healthy individuals was included. Faecal
calprotectin level using
an ELISA technique (Calprest®) was measured in the stool
of all groups. Also, atypical p-ANCA and ASCA were performed in
the IBD group. Results: At a cut off value of 8.1 mg/L,
fecal calprotectin had a negative predictive value (NPV) of
100% to exclude IBS patients with a sensitivity of 100% and a
positive predictive value (PPV) to confirm IBD of 95.24% with a
specificity of 95%. The diagnostic accuracy of faecal
calprotectin in predicting IBD activity was 100% at a cut off
value of 25.5 mg/L. Conclusion: fecal calprotectin appears to be a
clinically useful noninvasive marker in differentiating IBD
from IBS.
[Hesham Ezz El Din Said, Ahmed Aly Monis, Manal Mohammed
Abd El Aziz, Engy Yousry El Sayed, Sherif Sadek Shabana, Ahmed
Samir Abd El Sadek. The diagnostic value of faecal
calprotectin in differentiating inflammatory bowel diseases
(IBD) from irriable bowel syndrome (IBS). Report and
Opinion 2011;3(1):1-8]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.01
Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease,
irritable bowel syndrome, faecal calprotectin
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Biological Invasions, Its Type And Impact On Global
Scale: A Review
1Kuldip S. Dogra,
2Ravinder K. Kohli, 1Sarvesh K. Sood, 2Parveen
K. Dobhal and 1Seema Sharma
1Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh
University, Summer
Hill, Shimla-171005, India
2Department
of Botany, Panjab University Chandigarh-
160014, India
E.mail: dograks6@yahoo.co.in; Mobile:
919816740648; 919459170683
Abstract: Biological invasion is now recognized
world over and causing loss of indigenous wealth on earth.
Biological invasions are altering ecosystem functions by
reducing indigenous species diversity, altering soil dynamics
and ecology. Economic losses due to invasion process found to
be huge and difficult to measure. If this process of biological
invasion is remain continuous for years to come than we can
only transfer monocultures of species to our future
generations. To preserve our indigenous species diversity it is
important to understand the biological invasion its type and
impact on global scale. In view of this present paper presents
an insight into the biological invasion, its type and impact.
[Kuldip S. Dogra, Ravinder K. Kohli, Sarvesh K. Sood,
Parveen K. Dobhal and Seema Sharma. Biological Invasions, Its Type And Impact On Global
Scale: A Review. Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):9-20]. (ISSN:
1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.02
Keywords: Alien species, Biological Invasion, Biodiversity, Ecosystems,
Invasive species
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Antibiotic Resistant Bacillus
cereus in Some Selected Foods in Osun State, Nigeria.
*1Olawale, Adetunji,
Kolawole and 2Akintobi, Akinsoji, Olubiyi
1Department of Applied Sciences, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree.
Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry and
Microbiology, Lead City University,
Ibadan.
Nigeria.
E-mail: akolawale@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Microbiological analyses
were carried out on Four hundred samples of five different
foods i.e. boiled maize, cooked rice, garden egg, carrot and
roasted beef from four towns Osogbo, Ilesha,
Ife and Ikirun in Osun State, Nigeria. Food
samples were collected from different vendors and examined for B.
cereus, using B. cereus selective Agar Base, egg
yolk emulsion and Bacillus selective supplement. B. cereus
was detected in 202 (50.50%) of 400 food samples. B. cereus
occurred in 71% of boiled maize, 63.75% cooked rice, 51.25% roasted
beef (suya), 40% carrot and 23.75% garden egg. The range of
population of B. cereus in these foods was 1.3 x 102
to 7.5 x 105 cfu/g. Boiled maize and cooked
rice had highest mean counts of 105 cells/g. The
level of B. cereus contamination of foods examined was
higher in Ikirun compare to other towns in the state. From the
results of antibiotic susceptibility test, almost all the Bacillus
cereus strains were susceptible to gentamicin (98.24%)
chloramphenicol (96.70%), and sulphamethoxazole (92.92%). The
highest level of antibiotic resistance was obtained for
ampicilin (70.80%), and amoxicillin (42.23%). The incidence of B.
cereus foodborne intoxication could be reduced by
maintaining high level of hygiene in our environment and good
production practices.
[Olawale,
Adetunji, Kolawole and Akintobi, Akinsoji, Olubiyi. Antibiotic Resistant Bacillus
cereus in Some Selected Foods in Osun State, Nigeria.
Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):21-25]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.03
Keywords:
Bacillus cereus, Antibiotic resistant, Food
intoxication, Hygiene, Food contamination
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Comparative
study on the protective effect of Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate
(DDB) and Silymarin in Hepatitis induced by carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats.
Hoda. A. Megahed*, Hanan G. Zahran *, Mahmoud. S. Arbid*,
A. Osman** and Soha M.Kandil***
National
Research Centre, ** Vet. Medicine C.U. and *** Kaser El Ainy new
Hospitals C.U (C.U = Cairo
University),
City, Country
drhodamegahed@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Study on the possible
protective effect of (DDB) and Silymarin on Hepatitis induced
by CCl4 was carried out. Injection of CCl4
daily orally administered to rats in a dose of 2.5ml/kg for
three days significantly increase the activity of AST, ALT,
ALK. Ph. Bilirubin and GGT by several folds of increase, also
urea and creatinin were elevated by CCl4 given
orally. Administration of DDB and Silymarin orally seven day
after administration of CCl4 for three days
Significantly decrease liver and kidney enzyme DDB and
Silymarin administered before CCl4 to rats also
significantly decrease the activity of liver and kidney
enzymes. Histopathological investigation of this study show
good confirmation to biochemical analysis.
[Hoda. A. Megahed, Hanan G.
Zahran, Mahmoud. S. Arbid, A. Osman and Soha M.Kandil. Comparative
study on the protective effect of Biphenyl Dimethyl
Dicarboxylate (DDB) and Silymarin in Hepatitis induced by
carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats.
Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):26-36]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.04
Keywords:
Hepatitis, DDB, Silymarin, rats
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A Linear Programming Model For Short Sea
Shipping And Multimodal Inland Transportation In Myanmar
Mu Mu
Han, Lin Guolong, Yang Bin
Logistics Research
Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 200135, China
mumuhan@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: This
paper considers the problem of determining transportation
quantity and mode in transporting international cargoes between
Myanmar and
her trading countries, especially focusing on the countries in South East Asia to check the extent of
using short sea shipping, and inland transportation. The
objective of the paper is to minimize transportation costs by
mode between cargo origin and destination, subject to the
maximum cargo volumes being handled at each seaport. In order
to optimize the short sea shipping and inland transportation in
Myanmar,
this paper suggests a linear programming model, which is an
operations research technique.
[Mu Mu
Han, Lin Guolong, Yang Bin. A Linear Programming Model For Short Sea
Shipping And Multimodal Inland Transportation In Myanmar. Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):37-43].
(ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.05
Keywords-Myanmar, Short sea shipping,
Multimodal transportation, Linear programming model, Container
cargo
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Effect Of Crude Ethanol Extract Of Nauclea Latifolia On Some Clinical Isolates Of Food
Importance And Its Toxicological Potentials
Ogueke, C.C. 1, Chikwendu
C.I. 2, Iwouno, J. O.1 And Ogbulie, J. N.2
Department of Food Science Technology,
Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria.
PMB. 1526 Owerri,
Nigeria.
Department of Microbiology, Federal University
of Technology Owerri,
Nigeria.
PMB. 1526 Owerri,
Nigeria.
Abstract: The
leaves of Nauclea
latifolia used in traditional medicine for the treatment of
diarrhea were extracted in hot and cold ethanol with the aim of
determining their antibacterial activities and toxicological
potentials. Soxhlet extraction method was used for the hot
ethanol extraction while for the cold ethanol ground samples
were soaked in ethanol for 48h.
The Agar diffusion method was used for the antibacterial
assay at different concentrations on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and
Salmonella typhi. Albino rats were used for toxicological
studies by injecting varying doses of the extracts through the
intraperitoneal route for 14 days. The growth of S. typhi was not
inhibited by the extract. However the hot ethanol extract had
minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3.24mg/ml,
3.28mg/ml and 4.82mg/ml on E.
coli, S aureus and P. aeruginosa
respectively, while the cold ethanol extract produced MICs of
4.74mg/ml, 5.14mg/ml and 5.61 mg/ml respectively on the
isolates. Hematological analyses revealed that RBC, PCV and Hb
values decreased with increase in doses of extract while ESR
and WBC values increased. MCHC values were lower than that
obtained from the control. However, statistical analyses
revealed that there were significant differences in the values
obtained for RBC, PCV and Hb at the lower doses and the
controls. The extracts contained alkaloids, tannins and saponins.
The antibacterial assay justifies the use of the plant in palm
wine preservation and possible use in preservation of other
foods, and the treatment of diarrhoea.
[Ogueke, C.C., Chikwendu C.I., Iwouno,
J. O. And Ogbulie, J. N. Effect Of Crude Ethanol Extract
Of Nauclea Latifolia
On Some Clinical Isolates Of Food Importance And Its
Toxicological Potentials. Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):44-52].
(ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.06
Key
words: Antibacterial; toxicological;
preservation; ethanol extracts; Nauclea latifolia; clinical isolates
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Antibacterial
Properties Of The Green Alga Pithophora Oedogonia (Mont.) Wittrock
*Pamela Sukumaran and
**Thevanathan, R
*Department
of Botany, Women’s Christian College,
Chennai 600 006. Tamilnadu India
pamelasukumaran@yahoo.com
**Professor CAS in
Botany, University
of Madras
Guindy
campus,Chennai 600 025. Tamilnadu India
ABSTRACT: Methanol and
n-hexane extracts of the green alga, Pithophora oedogonia was tested for antibacterial
activity against clinical isolates of common human pathogenic
bacteria namely, Escherichia
coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella flexnerii,
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus faecalis.
Methanolic extract residue dissolved in diethylether exhibited
good activity against Streptococcus
pyogenes, Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. Activity of silica gel column
fractions is significant and comparable to that of standard
antibiotics. Chromatatron fractions recorded very low MIC
values for Streptococcus
pyogenes, Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli as compared to that of standard
antibiotics. The findings presented in this paper suggest that
the ‘nuisance alga’. Pithophora oedogonia, could serve as a potential
source of biologically active natural products for
pharmaceutical application.
[Pamela
Sukumaran and Thevanathan, R. Antibacterial Properties Of The Green Alga Pithophora Oedogonia (Mont.)
Wittrock. Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):53-60]. (ISSN:
1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.07
Keywords: Antibacterial; Green Alga; Pithophora Oedogonia (Mont.);
Wittrock
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Weed flora infesting saffron (Crocus sativus L.) fields of Pampore, kashmir
*Bilal Ahmad
Wani, and Nisar Ahmad Wani
Department of Botany University of Kashmir,
Hazratbal Srinagar –190006 (India)
*Corresponding author Email :- arfee.b@rediffmail.com,
Woodscience.2005@gmail.com
Abstract: Saffron
production is limited by a number of factors, among which weed
infestation is prime component as these compete for space,
light, water and nutrient therefore, reducing qualitative and quantitative
yields of crop. The survey was conducted during 2005-2009 in
different saffron fields of Pampore, Kashmir
in order to know about the weeds infesting these fields. During
the survey 88 species of weeds were identified which were
annual, biennial and perennial in nature.
[Bilal Ahmad Wani, and Nisar Ahmad Wani. Weed flora infesting
saffron (Crocus sativus
L.) fields of Pampore, kashmir. Report and Opinion
2011;3(1):61-64]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.08
Key words:- Pampore,
Saffron, Weeds, Identification.
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Immunohistochemical Study Of Protein
P53 In Egyptian
Psoriasis
Rasha EL-Adel; Mahmoud Abdel Hameed;Marwa
El-Shaer*; Adel Imam **;Noha Abdel Hafez*
Dermatology and Venereology
Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre
,Cairo Egypt
*Pathology Department , Medical
Research Division, National Research Centre ,Cairo
Egypt
** Dermatology and Venereology
Department, Ain Shams University,Cairo Egypt
Corresponding
Author:marwaelshaer@hotmail.com
12311 ,Elbuhouth Street
,Dokky,Cairo
.Egypt
Abstract: Background: The histopathologic changes characteristic
of psoriasis might be related to an abnormality in the
apoptotic pathway. Aim of the work:The aim of this study
is to evaluate the possible role of protein P53 in
the pathogenesis of psoriasis through a case control study as
it could be one of the targets of psoriasis therapy. Patients
and Methods: This study included; 30 patients of
different clinical variants of psoriasis and 25 controls normal
skin biopsies. All patients were subjected to complete history
taking, clinical examination including psoriasis area and
severity index (PASI) score and skin biopsies, all patients
stopped topical or systemic medication 4 weeks prior to
biopsies.Five mm incisional biopsy specimens were taken from
the 30 patients and from each biopsy one stained with hematoxylin
and eosin to confirm the diagnosis ,the other to be prepared
for immunohistochemical detection using mouse monoclonal
antibody (Do7) against P53 protein , results were compared with
25 control ..Results: Psoriatic
plaques revealed P53 nuclear staining detected in 13
out of the 30 patients (43.3%),
and 17 (56.7%) showed negative immunoreactivity in keratinocytes. Conclusion: From
these results it can be concluded that apoptosis plays a role
in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and this may be mediated through
abnornal expression of apoptosis regulating proteins P53.
[Rasha EL-Adel; Mahmoud Abdel Hameed; Marwa El-Shaer;
Adel Imam; Noha Abdel Hafez. Immunohistochemical Study Of
Protein P53 In Egyptian
Psoriasis. Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):65-84]. (ISSN:
1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.09
Key words: Apoptosis ,
immunohistochemistry,
P53, Psoriasis
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Economic Efficiency Of Leafy Vegetable
Production In Oyo
State, Nigeria
Ogunniyi, L.T.
*Department Of Agricultural Economics
And Extension,
Ladoke Akintola
University Of Technology Ogbomoso
E- mail: titiogunniyi@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: The economic efficiency
of leafy vegetable production in Oyo State, Nigeria
was investigated using stochastic frontier production function,
which incorporates a model f inefficiency effects. Primary data
were collected through the use of structured questionnaires
from 120 leafy vegetable farmers randomly selected from four
local government areas. Stochastic frontier production
function, using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) was used to
analyze the economic efficiency. The MLE results revel that
farm size, family labour, hired labour, seed and fertilizer are
the major factors influencing gross margin in leafy vegetable
production. The efficiency model shows that older farmers and
farmers with more extension contacts tend to be less
economically efficient in leafy vegetable production. The mean
economic efficiency score is 0.42.
[Ogunniyi,
L.T. Economic Efficiency Of Leafy Vegetable Production In Oyo State, Nigeria.
Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):85-91]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.10
Keywords: leafy vegetable; stochastic frontier model; economic efficiency
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Protective Effects of Bixa orellana Seed Oil on Carbon tetrachloride Induced
Liver Damage in Rats
Wilson Obidah*†,
Grace K. Garba†, Joseph Z. Fate#
†Department of Biochemistry, Federal University
of Technology Yola P.M.B.2076 Yola, Nigeria.
#Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal
Polytechnic Mubi P.M.B. 35
Mubi, Nigeria.
domwam@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
hepatoprotective effects of B.orellana
seed oil on CCl4-induced liver damage were
determined in male Wister strain rats (150±10g). Rats were
pretreated with B.orellana
seed oil at 0, 1, 5 or 10% (w/w) through dietary exposure for 4
weeks before a single intrapretoneal injection of CCl4.
Serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid peroxidation and
relative organ weights were determined. Pretreatment with B.orellana seed oil
(10%) resulted in significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum
liver enzymes markers activities, total bilirubin
concentration, lipid peroxidation and relative liver weights induced
by CCl4 administration. These results show that dietary
exposure to B. orellana
seed oil exhibited moderate protection against CCl4
induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
[Wilson Obidah, Grace K. Garba, Joseph Z. Fate. Protective Effects of Bixa orellana Seed Oil
on Carbon tetrachloride Induced Liver Damage in Rats.
Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):92-95]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.11
Key words: Bixa
orellana; seed oil; hepatoprotection; CCl4; rat
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Antimicrobial potentials of some spices on beef sold in
Gwagwalada market, FCT, Abuja
Agarry Olubunmi Olaitan*, Ugoh
Sylvanus Chukwudi and Abeku Margaret
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, Nigeria
Corresponding author: oluagarry@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Studies on the antimicrobial
activities of some spices on beef sold in Gwagwalada market,
F.C.T, Abuja
were carried out. The spices were chopped to sizes and were
mixed with the beef sample. The bacterial load count of the
beef sample before treatment is 1.9 x 107 and after
treatment were 1.0x103, 1.5 x103 and
1.6x103 for garlic, thyme and bayleaf respectively.
The fungal spore count of beef sample before treatment is
1.0x102 and x0.5102, 0.1x 102,
0.6x102 for the thyme, bayleaf and garlic
respectively. The fungal spore count for the beef and sample
after treatment with the spices combined is 0.1x101.
The microbial isolates of beef sample include: Staphylococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas spp,
Proteus spp and
Bacillus spp for bacterial isolates and fungal isolates
were Aspergillus niger,
Mucor spp, Rhizopus spp and Aspergillus flavus the
combined effect of the three spices inhibited the growth of S. aureus, Bacillus spp, Proteus spp, A. flavus and Mucor spp.
[Agarry Olubunmi Olaitan, Ugoh
Sylvanus Chukwudi and Abeku Margaret. Antimicrobial potentials of some spices on beef sold
in Gwagwalada market, FCT, Abuja. Report and Opinion
2011;3(1):96-98]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.12
Keywords: Antimicrobial agents, spices, meat
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Comparative Effects Of Post Mortem Addition Of Natural
And Synthetic Antioxidant Sources On Cooking Yield, Cooking
Loss And Oxidative Stability Of Broiler Chichen Meat.
M. A. AYOOLA (PhD) 1, A .O. OLORUNSANYA
(PhD) 2 AND A.O ADEDEJI 3
1. Department
of Agricultural Science, Adeyemi college of Education,
Ondo
2. Department
of Animal Production, University
of Ilorin, Ilorin
3.
Department of Home Economics, Adeyemi college of Education,
Ondo
(mayoola1@yahoo.co.uk)
Abstract: A
worldwide concern in the use of synthetic antioxidants in food
safety necessitates investigation into natural sources of
antioxidants. An invitro assay of antioxidant properties of
alpha-tocopheryl acetate, thyme leaf extract, Ethiopian pepper
extract and wheat germ vitamin E was carried out using eight 14
weeks old broiler chicken. The muscle tissue of each chicken
were separated, chopped, mixed thoroughly and divided into
treatment group of 800g each. Experimental samples were
prepared by blending 0.8% w/w addition of thyme leaf extract,
Ethiopian pepper extract, wheat germ vitamin E and
alpha-tocopheryl acetate while the control did not contain any.
Each treatment sample was further divided into 8 sub-samples
(80g each). Four samples per each treatment were separately
packed in aluminum foil paper and refrigerated for 12 days at 4oC
for raw meat Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS)
analysis at interval of 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Four sample per
each treatment were steam cooked for 12 minutes, separately
packed in aluminum foil paper and refrigerated for 6 days for
cooked meat TBARS analysis at interval of 2, 4 and 6 days. The
result indicated that post mortem addition of natural and
synthetic sources of antioxidant had no significant effect
(P>0.05) on cooking yield and cooking loss of broiler meat
during storage. Comparatively, the tested natural antioxidant
sources reduced the formation of peroxide more effectively
(P<0.05) than alpha-tocopheryl acatete in refrigerated raw
and cooked broiler chicken meat and could be used to replace
synthetic compounds which poses health hazard to the consumers.
However more studies are required to remove the
chlorophyllization effect of thyme leaf extract and Ethiopian
pepper extract on the meat.
[M. A. AYOOLA, A .O. OLORUNSANYA, A.O
ADEDEJI. Comparative
Effects Of Post Mortem Addition Of Natural And Synthetic
Antioxidant Sources On Cooking Yield, Cooking Loss And
Oxidative Stability Of Broiler Chichen Meat. Report and
Opinion 2011;3(1):99-103]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.13
Key words: Comparative Effect; Mortem Addition;
Antioxidant; Cook; Chichen Meat; Alpha-tocophery acetate,
Ethiopian pepper, Thyme, lipid oxidation, rancidity
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[Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):104-119]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
6
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.14
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Efficacy of antimicrobial effect of Venonia amygdalina and Tridax procumbens in in vitro control of
tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) post harvest
fruit rot.
1*IJATO J.Y,
Otoide J.E, 2IJADUNOLA J.A AND ALADEJIMOKUN A.O
1Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science.
University of Ado–Ekiti, P.M.B 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
jamesyeni@yahoo.com
2Federal College
of Agriculture, Institute of 2Agricultural Research
and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.
3Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of
Science, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Abstract: The antimicrobial effects of
extract of Venonia
amygdalina and Tridax
procumbens were determined on rot causing fungi. In the
present study, the pathogenic fungi isolated from the infected
tomato fruit parts and identified based on morphological and
cultural characters were: Aspergillus
niger,
Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium oxysporum, Geotrichum candidium. Two different
extractive solvents (water and ethanol) were used; aqueous
concentrations of 80 and 60% as well as ethanol concentration
of 30 and 20% were used in this study. All the plant extracts,
both aqueous and ethanol showed significant reduction of
mycelia growth of isolated pathogens. In aqueous extract, 80%
of both Venonia amygdalena and Tridax procumbens had high
inhibitory effect of 49.20% against Geotrichum candidium and 53.30% against Aspergillus niger respectively
than 60% aqueous concentration of the test plant extracts,
while in ethanolic extract, 30% ethanol extract of Venonia amygdalena and Tridax procumbens inhibited up
to 65.20 and72.20% against Fusarium
oxysporum respectively more than 20% ethanolic extracts.
Higher concentration of both aqueous and ethanol favoured
higher mycelia growth reduction. Plant extracts are accessible
for controlling phyto diseases, non hazardous, eco-friendly,
low cost and non-pollutant.
[IJATO J.Y, Otoide J.E, IJADUNOLA J.A AND ALADEJIMOKUN
A.O. Efficacy of
antimicrobial effect of Venonia
amygdalina and Tridax procumbens in in vitro control of
tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) post harvest
fruit rot. Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):120-123]. (ISSN:
1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.15
Key word: Venonia amygdalena, tomato fruit
rot, Tridax procumbens and
biological control
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Biodegradation of
Glyphosate Pesticide by Bacteria isolated from Agricultural
Soil
*1Olawale, Adetunji, Kolawole and 2Akintobi,
Akinsoji, Olubiyi
1Department of Applied Sciences, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree.
Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry and
Microbiology, Lead City University,
Ibadan.
Nigeria.
E-mail: akolawale@yahoo.com
Abstract: Three bacteria strains GDP1, GDP2 and
GDA were isolated from agricultural soil heavily polluted with
glyphosate which are capable of degrading glyphosate pesticide
(100 ppm). The bacteria strains were identified through
cultural and biochemical characterization as Pseudomonas putida, P. aeruginosa and Acetobacter faecalis
respectively. Degradation of glyphosate by GDP1, GDP2, GDA and
a mixed consortium of the three isolates designated CGD were
confirmed by solid-phase extraction SPE-LC-ESI-MS assays.
Glyphosate-mineralizing populations were determined in a most
probable number (MPN) technique. Cell growth levels off at
approximately 72hr, which coincides with glyphosate concentration
decreasing to zero level.. Of three isolated bacteria GDP1
completes degradation of 50-ugml-1 glyphosate in 20
ml of an enrichment medium BMA at approximately 72hrs faster
than GDP2 and GDA which completed at approximately 96hrs.
Addition of a mixed consortium of GDP1, GDP2 and GDA did not
result in significantly faster degradation processes but
reduced the lag times to approximately 12hrs from 24hrs and
completes degradation at approximately 72hrs. The developed
consortium is potent glyphosate degrader with quick action as
indicated by the shorten lag times, and it can be used to
remediate soil contaminated with pesticide.
[Olawale, Adetunji, Kolawole and
Akintobi, Akinsoji, Olubiyi. Biodegradation of Glyphosate
Pesticide by Bacteria isolated from Agricultural Soil. Report
and Opinion 2011;3(1):124-128]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.16
Keywords: Degradation, pesticide, glyphosate, Pseudomonas sp., Acetobacter sp
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Mother-To-Child Transfer Of Measles Antibody
Among Patients Attending University Of Maiduguri Teaching
Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria.
1Haruna S.B, 1
BukBuk D.N, 1Dawurung J.S.
1Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri,
Nigeria
dawurungj@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: The
transfer of Measles specific IgG antibody was assessed in 128
sera of infants and 30 sera of mother-child pairs at delivery.
The 158 infants were within the age range of birth to 9 months.
Of the 30 serum samples of mother to child pairs, 30(100%) of
the mothers had the antibody but only 28(93.3%) passed the
antibody to their newborn which means 2(6.7%) of the infants
did not acquire the antibody. In the 158 serum samples of
infants tested 44.8% (71) were seropositive which means they
acquired the antibody while 55.1% (87) were susceptible to
measles virus. The result indicates that with increase in age,
the percentage susceptibility of infant increases. The antibody
level is high (77.8%) in one day olds and none (0%) in 9 months
infants. This shows that infants at late ages before
vaccination are susceptible to the measles virus. In
conclusion, the result shows that infants within the age of 0
to 3 months have a higher level of antibody than other ages.
Hence, susceptibility to measles virus in infants within the
ages of 7 to 9 months is high.
[Haruna
S.B, BukBuk D.N,
Dawurung J.S. Mother-To-Child
Transfer Of Measles Antibody Among Patients Attending
University Of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State,
Nigeria. Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):129-133]. (ISSN:
1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.17
Keywords: Mother- to- Child, Transfer, measles,
antibody
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Indexing soil P to recommend for
durum wheat in East Shewa, Oromiya Region
Mesfin
Kebede, and Tekalign Tadesse
Ethiopian Institute of
Agricultural Research (EIAR), Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
ethiosoils@gmail.com,and tekalignt@fastmail.fm
Abstract: On farm soil test based phosphorous determination
research experiment was carried out in three locations of East Showa from 2003-05 cropping seasons.
Six levels of P were applied as a treatment (Triple Super
Phosphate) and recommended level of nitrogen from urea was
applied uniformly to all plots. Application of 15.1 kg P per ha
in Ude and
25.1 kg P in Akaki provided the maximum mean grain yields of
3.75 and 1.79 t ha-1, respectively for year (2003).
In the 2004 cropping seasons, however, the absence of any
application of external P gave the highest (3.38 t ha-1)
in Chefe Donsa and the least mean grain yield (1.74 t ha-1)
was recorded in Ude by 15.1 kg P . In the year 2005
result revealed that the two treatments from Chefe Donsa and
Akaki gave the maximum comparable mean grain yields (4.89 and
4.49 t ha-1) but
and the least yield was obtained through the application
of soil P only (1.88t) in Ude. For these cropping seasons, a
total of twenty seven regression equations were developed and
eighteen were selected in order to map the soil P (ppm) versus
treatments. Accordingly, an average of 97.0, 96.5 and 96.5
(2003), 86.0, 93.0, and 89.5 (2004) and 92.0, 91.5, and 92.5%
(2005) remained in the soil for every application of external P
in Akaki, Chefe Donsa and Ude, respectively. In most of the years, on
average of over 85% of the applied P remained in the soil. In some
locations, non-significant differences were due to this. It
seems that our soils are saturated by the application of P
years around and becoming the least limiting plant nutrient.
Therefore, any phosphorus recommendation for optimum durum
wheat production should be on the basis of its soil test P
value. This experiment also proved that even if the soil P
increases through the application of external P from 6.5ppm
onwards, it didn’t reflect in the increment rather the
decline of mean grain yield. But further research work has to
be conducted to determine the limiting plant nutrient, its
index in different soil types, environment and in its
interaction.
[Mesfin Kebede,
and Tekalign Tadesse. Indexing soil P to recommend for
durum wheat in East Shewa, Oromiya Region. Report and
Opinion 2011;3(1):134-140]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.18
Key Words: Equation, On farm,
Soil Test, TSP, Soil Types, Regression
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Corrosion Co-inhibition of Sodium Tungstate with Sodium
Nitrate and Sodium Silicate on Low Carbon Steel in HCl
1Ogundare, O., 2*Umoru,
L.E. and 2Ige, 0.0.
1Dept of Research &
Development,
Engineering Materials
Development Institute, Akure
2Department of Materials
Science & Engg, Obafemi
Awolowo University, Ile – Ife
suppiedee@yahoo.com; lumoru@oauife.edu.ng; ige4usa@yahoo.com
Abstract: This study has investigated the
co-inhibitive potentials of sodium tungstate with sodium
nitrate and sodium silicate on low carbon steel immersed in
0.085 M hydrochloric acid. This was done with a view to
determining which of the oxidizing inhibitors will give better
co-inhibition efficiency (IE) with sodium tungstate. The study
was carried out using the gravimetric technique. The
uninhibited solution of 0.085 M hydrochloric acid served as the
control. The results obtained have shown that 71% IE was
produced by co-inhibiting sodium tungstate with sodium
silicate and 54% IE produced by
co-inhibiting with sodium nitrate after 336 hours of exposure.
This was due to a greater oxidizing condition produced by the
former. Sodium tungstate alone gave
47% IE and sodium nitrate produced 57% IE when used alone, and sodium
silicate showed 18%IE after 336
hours of exposure.
[Ogundare, O.,
Umoru, L.E. and Ige, 0.0. Corrosion Co-inhibition of Sodium Tungstate with Sodium
Nitrate and Sodium Silicate on Low Carbon Steel in HCl.
Report and Opinion 2011;3(1):141-150]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.19
Keywords: Corrosion, Inhibition Efficiency,
Co-Inhibitors and Pickling
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Diversity of Potential lichens on Banj
oak twigs in Banlekh forest of district Champawat, Kumaun
Himalaya
Balwant Kumar, *Lalit M.
Tewari and Hemlata Kholia
Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital
263001
* corresponding author email: l_tewari@rediffmail.com
Abstract: The
Parmelioid lichens on Banlekh forest of Champawat
(Uttarakhand) comprises 45-60%, Usnioid (Usneaceae 17-30% and
Ramalinaceae 15-30%) found on different diameter class fallen
twigs of Quercus leucotrichophora
A. Camus (Banj oak). The study observed the twig diameter class
0-1 cm and 1.1-2 cm is excellent for the large thallus of the
members of family Ramalinaceae. The villagers of the Banlekh
area are not using these 15 potential lichens due to lack of
information and knowledge.
[Balwant Kumar, Lalit M. Tewari and
Hemlata Kholia.
Diversity of Potential lichens on Banj oak twigs in Banlekh
forest of district Champawat, Kumaun Himalaya. Report and
Opinion 2011;3(1):151-154]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.20
Key words: Lichen, oak twigs, livelihood,
Champawat (Kumaun)
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Chromosomal Aberrations Induced in Root
Tips of Allium cepa
by Squeezed Garri
Extracts
Daniel I. Olorunfemi and
Emmanuel O. Ehwre
Department of Plant Biology
and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin,
Edo State, Nigeria. danfem@yahoo.com,
princeemray@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The potential
genotoxic effects of squeezed extracts from toasted cassava granules popularly known as
garri, a
popular Nigerian cassava meal, obtained
from different fermentation days were investigated using the Allium cepa assay. The
squeezed extracts were prepared with potable water as practiced
conventionally by soaking 1-day fermented, 2-day fermented,
3-day fermented and 4-day fermented garri and squeezing out the liquid. A
series of 5 onion bulbs were exposed to 1, 2.5, 5 and 10% (effluents,
v/v) concentrations of each of the extracts
for macroscopic and microscopic analyses. There was
fermentation and concentration-dependent and statistically
significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of root growth by the extracts when
compared with the control. The EC50 obtained for 1
day, 2 day, 3 day and 4 day fermented toasted cassava granules
were 2.5, 2.8, 3.1 and 4.0 respectively. All the tested
extracts were observed to have mitodepressive effects on cell
division in the increasing order 1-day > 2-day > 3-day
> 4-day fermented garri
extracts. The results further go to confirm findings from
other studies that proper fermentation aids in the reduction of
toxic cyanogenic components present in poorly processed cassava
products including garri.
[Daniel I. Olorunfemi and
Emmanuel O. Ehwre. Chromosomal Aberrations Induced in Root Tips
of Allium cepa by
Squeezed Garri
Extracts. Report and
Opinion 2010;3(1):155-160]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.21
Key words: garri, genotoxicity;
mitotic index; cyanide; Allium cepa
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Reproductive Performance
And Economic Efficiency Of Finn And Rahmani Ewes And Their
Crosses
Gaafar,
H.M.A.; M.T. Shehab El-DIN and M.E. El-Gendy
Agricultural Research
Center, Giza, Egypt
dr.gaafar@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT: One hundred
and fifty Finn (F) and Rahmani (R) ewes and their crosses
including 10 F,
60 R, 50 1/4F 3/4R, 20 1/2F 1/2R and 10 3/4F 1/4R were allotted
to fed traditional forage
diet (D1) contained concentrate mixture + wheat straw plus
fresh berseem, (winter diet) or plus berseem hay and green
sorghum (summer diet) or agricultural by-product diet (D2)
contained concentrate mixture plus fresh berseem, fresh sugar
beet tops or green reed plants (winter diet) or plus dried
sugar beet tops or green or dried reed plants (summer diet).
Results showed that 81% of
ewes were mating during the period from April to August
reaching the maximum in July. However, 83% of ewes were lambing
from October to April reaching maximum in December. The
fertility expressed as ewe lambing per ewe exposed (EL/EE) was
higher in crossbred that pure Finn and Rahmani
ewes and increased with increasing Rahmani blood. The number of
lamb born and weaned per ewe exposed (LB/EE and LW/EE) was
higher in the first ewes crossbred of 1/2F 1/2R than the pure
breeds and other crosses. Pure Finn recorded the highest number
of lamb born and weaned per ewe lambing (LB/EL and LW/EL),
lambing ewe per year (EL/Y) and lamb born and weaned per
lambing ewe per year (LB/EL/Y and LW/EL/Y), but Rahmani had the
lowest values and increased in crossbred ewes with increasing
Finn blood. Pure Rahmani breed showed the lowest FC/E/Y and 1/4
F 3/4 R had the higher OLW/E/Y and NR/E/Y, however Finn breed
had the highest FC/E/Y and the lowest OLW/E/Y and NR/E/Y.
Moreover, the FC/E/Y increased (P<0.05) and OLW/E/Y and
NR/E/Y decreased (P<0.05) with increasing the percent of
Finn blood in crossbred.
[Gaafar, H.M.A.; M.T. Shehab El-DIN and M.E. El-Gendy. Reproductive
Performance And Economic Efficiency Of Finn And Rahmani Ewes
And Their Crosses. Report and Opinion 2010;3(1):161-165]. (ISSN:
1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj030111.22
Keywords: Ewes, Finn, Rahmani, crossbred,
feeding, reproductive, economic efficiency
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The manuscripts in this issue
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