Report and Opinion
Volume
2 - Issue 9, Cumulated 15, September 9, 2010, ISSN 1553-9873
Cover
Page, Introduction,
Contents, Call for
Papers, All papers in one file
All comments are
welcome: editor@sciencepub.net
CONTENTS
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1
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Assessment Of Top Soil Quality In The
Vicinity Of Subsided Area In Jharia Coalfield, Dhanbad,
Jharkhand
Arvind Kumar Rai1
Biswajit Paul 2 Gurdeep Singh3
Research Scholar1,
Assistant Professor2, Professor& Head3
Department of
Environmental Science &Engineering,
Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
Email: arvind_dese@rediffmail.com
ABSTRACT: Coal mining is the major mining
activity performed in the India. There are
two types of methods applied for mining such as opencast mining
and underground mining. Both produce huge amount of wastes,
especially while performing the opencast mining activities.
Opencast project involved displacement of large amount of
overburden to excavate the valuable mineral. In mining areas
the soils are affected by various activities such as blasting,
drilling and quantity of explosives used. This paper presents
the results of the studied carried out on top soil (0-15cm)
quality parameters of Jharia coalfields. It has been observed
that the soil quality in subsided areas have relatively low pH,
low moisture content and high conductivity. The present study,
helped to reveal the extent top soil quality in subsided areas
and its results are very vital for planning the rehabilitation
programmed of Jharia coalfield. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(9):1-6].
(ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020910.01
KEY WORDS Opencast project, Overburden
materials, Subsided areas.
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1
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2
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Assessment Of Land Use
Cover Changes Using Ndvi And Dem In Puer And Simao
Counties, Yunnan
Province,
China
1Diallo
Yacouba, 1Hu Guangdao, 2Wen
Xingping
-
Institute for mathematics
geosciences and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Earth
Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei,
P.R. CHINA
2. Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming,
650093, Yunnan, P.R. CHINA
yacdial2005@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT: Change detection is the technique, which is used for
the assessment of resources, where multi-date images are
compared to find out the type and amount of change have
occurred. The various applications of change detection are in
agricultural, hydrological, forestry, environmental and ecological
field. The rapid
growth of Puer-Simao area and its agricultural area have
probably resulted very rapidly and have had an unfavorable
effect on the environment and therefore multi-temporal Landsat
TM imagery for assessment land cover change has proven to be
the best tool in this study. The performance of image
classifiers that utilize only the remote sensing data may
deteriorate, especially in mountainous regions, payable to the
presence of shadows. In our study, a multisource classification
approach to map land cover in Puer_Simao counties with high
mountain peaks having elevations up to 2800 m above mean sea
level has been adopted. Remote sensing data from Landsat TM
image along with NDVI and DEM data layers have been used to
perform multi-source classification using Maximum Likelihood
Classifier. The change detection method used was NDVI
differencing. From the results the forest or
shrub land and Barren land cover types have decreased by about
6% and 23% from 1990 to 1999 respectively, while agricultural
land, built-up and water areas have increased by about 19%, 4 %
and 7% respectively. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(9):7-16].
(ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020910.02
Keywords: agricultural; hydrological;
forestry; environmental; ecological; Puer-Simao
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3
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Kinetics Of Biogas Potential From Animal And Domestic
Waste
*L.C. Ngozi-Olehi2,
A.A. Ayuk1, E.E. Oguzie1, E.N. Ejike1,
B.C. Ijioma2
1Department of Chemistry,
Federal
University
of Technology Owerri. Nigeria.
2 Department of
Chemistry, Alvan
Ikoku Federal College
of Education, Owerri. Nigeria.
bleijioma@yahoo.com;
mrs_ngoziolehi@yahoo.ca
Abstract:This
paper focuses on the following options from the view point of the
Kyoto
protocol energy use from cow and poultry droppings as well as
domestic waste. Biogas potential
was determined using laboratory-scale digesters operated to
study the effect of varied conditions of pH, and temperature.
Gas volumetric technique was employed for the kinetic study.
Significant influence of pH on the amount of biogas generated
from each system was observed. Gas yield from all systems was
maximal in the pH range 6 – 8 (neutral/near neutral) and
minimal at acidic (pH 5) and alkaline (pH 9) environments. Temperature influenced
several output parameters in the biogas production process.
Anaerobic digestion reaction was observed to have followed a
first order kinetics as closely related values were obtained
from the rate constant.
The trend of activation energy (Ea) (Cow dung > Poultry >
Domestic) corroborates the incubation period observed in cow
dung and poultry dropping before gas production. The
activation enthalpies vary in the same manner as activation
energies; the enthalpies of activation were higher in cow dung
and poultry droppings than in domestic waste. The results show
that maximum gas production was obtained at a temperature of 50oC.
[Report and Opinion 2010;2(9):17-21]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020910.03
Keywords; Animal
and domestic waste, biogas potential, greenhouse gas emission,
pH, temperature
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4
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Plants used in the treatment of joint
diseases (rheumatism, arthritis, gout and lumbago) in
Mayurbhanj district of
Odisha,
India
Harish Singh, G. Krishna and P.K.
Baske
Central Botanical Laboratory, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah
(W. B.), 711 103, India
harish_bsi@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: During the ethnobotanical survey of
Mayurbhanj district about 380 uses of plants have been recorded
for various purposes. Of these, 23 plants belonging to 22
genera and 18 families are being used in the treatment of joint
diseases (rheumatism, arthritis, gout and lumbago) by the
tribal and non-tribal people of the district. These plants are
arranged alphabetically with their family, local name(s),
locality (ies), and method of preparation and mode of uses for
the treatment of rheumatism with collection number(s). [Report
and Opinion 2010;2(9):22-26]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020910.04
Keywords: Joint diseases; Rheumatism;
Arthritis; Gout; Lumbago; Mayurbhanj district, Odisha
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A Study on Antimicrobial Property of
Phenol
Tolerant Bacteria Isolated From Indian Mangrove
Forest
S. Silambarasan, V. Hari
Prasad, R. Balaji and Jayanthi Abraham*
School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University,
Vellore-632014,
Tamil nadu.
* jayanthi.abraham@gmail.com
First author: Mr.
S.Silambarasan, M.Sc.,
School
of Bio Sciences and
Technology, VIT
University, Vellore-632 014. Tamil Nadu, India
Co author: Mr.
V. Hari Prasad, M.Sc.,
School of Bio
Sciences and Technology, VIT University,
Vellore-632 014. Tamil Nadu,
India.
Co author: Mr.
R. Balaji, M.Sc.,
School of Bio
Sciences and Technology, VIT University,
Vellore-632 014. Tamil Nadu,
India.
Corresponding author:
Dr. Jayanthi Abraham, M.Phil., Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor (Senior),
School of Bio
Sciences and Technology, VIT
University,Vellore-
632 014. Tamil Nadu,
India.
Email: jayanthi.abraham@gmail.com,
Mobile:
+91- 9843580709
Abstract: The objective of the present study was
to screen for phenol tolerant bacteria and analyse its
antimicrobial activity. The soil samples were collected from
Pichavaram mangrove ecosystem situated along the southeast
coast of South
India. Phenols are one of
the most widely distributed classes of chlorinated chemicals in
the environment. For cleanup of large areas of phenol
contaminated environments, bioremediation seems to be a
promising approach. Four
phenol tolerant bacterial species were isolated. In the
presence of high concentration of phenol, both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus were found to
tolerate higher concentration of phenol during this study on
phenol degradation. From the four Bacterial isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa was selected
and tested for its antimicrobial activity against various
pathogens. The antibiotic extraction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
has been shown significant
antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae
but against Vibrio cholerae no zone of inhibition
was noticed. [Report and Opinion
2010;2(9):27-32]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020910.05
Key words: antimicrobial
activity; bacterial isolates; mangrove soil; phenol tolerant
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Urban-Rural Differential In
Teaching And Learning Of Geography In Ahiazu Mbaise And Owerri
Municipal Council In
Imo
State
DR. (MRS.) M. N. OBASI
DEPT. OF GEOGRAPHY ALVAN
IKOKU FEDERAL COLLEGE
OF EDUCATION, OWERRI
Email: nwachukwucu2005@yahoo.co.uk
ABSTRACT:
The
all important need for self-reliance and technology in Nigeria
calls for teachers to meet the requirement of the new national
policy on Education. The concern of this study is therefore
focused on the problems of Geography education in Nigeria.
It examines the rural-urban variables affecting the teaching
and learning of geography in Imo State.
The sample for the study comprises ten schools, five each from
rural and urban areas. Structured questionnaires were
distributed to school principals and Geography teachers of the
sampled schools and contingency analysis employed to test for
the significant differences. The major findings of the study
include the following. That one consistent indicator of differences
in schools certificate geography achievement is school
location. That the urban environment tends to be capable of
raising and reinforcing children’s cognitive
behaviour more
than rural environment. That difference in the supply and
availability of geography teachers both in the right quantity and
quality Geography equipment, library and text books create
differences in the teaching and learning of geography in the
rural and urban schools. Finally, that given the necessary
qualified staff and equipment, students in the rural schools
will perform equally well as those in the urban schools. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(9):33-44].
(ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020910.06
Keywords:
technology; urban schools
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Bacteria Prevalence On The
Environmental Labour Wards As The Causes Of Nosocomial
Infections In General Hospital Umuguma And Umezuruike Hospital
Owerri, In Imo State,
Nigeria.
1Ijioma B.C
Ph.D 2 Kalu I.
G. 1Nwachukwu C.U Ph.D
1Department of Biology
Alvan Ikoku Federal
College of Education,
Owerri, Imo
State,
2Department of Biotechnology Federal
University of Technology Owerri Imo
State.
nwachukwucu2005@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: This
study was on the isolation and identification of bacteria
prevalent on the environmental labour wards of General hospital
Umuguma and Umezuruike hospital, Owerri, Imo
State of Nigeria.
In carrying out the research, samples were collected from the
floor, bed rails, walls, mattresses, malting touch and baby
beds using sterilized swab stick that is moistened with peptone
water. Appropriate media, agar and reagents were used to
culture the micro-organism for 24 hours. The organisms were
isolated and it was observed that staphylococcus aureus,
Bacillus species, pseudomonas acruginosa, Escherichia coli,
Streptococcus faecalis, Klebsiella acrogens, and Micrococcus
species were predominant in descending order of prevalence.
These bacteria are therefore factually suggested to be the major
cause of Nosocomial infections in the environmental labour
wards of the named hospitals. Recommendations such as keeping
hand clean by washing thoroughly with soap and water, or using
alcohol base were made for the effective control and reduction
of the said infections in the hospitals. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(9):45-52].
(ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020910.07
Key words: Bacteria, Nosocomial, Labour ward, Pseudomonas
acruginosa, General hospital
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Evaluation Of Ganga Water For Drinking Purpose By Water
Quality Index At Rishikesh,
Uttarakhand,
India
Avnish Chauhan* and Suman Singh
*Dept. of Applied Sciences and
Humanities, College of
Engineering, Teerthanker Mahaveer
University, Moradabad,
UP, India-244001.
Research Officer, Pramhans Sanstha
(N.G.O.), Dehradun, Uttarakhand,
India.
Corresponding authors: avnishchauhan_phd@aol.in,
avnishchauhan_in@yahoo.com
sumansingh_in@aol.in
Abstract: The
present study was intended to calculate water quality index
(WQI) for National river (Ganga) of India at Rishikesh for
drinking, recreation and other purpose by using eight water
quality parameters, turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, Free CO2,
TS, TSS and TDS. Ganga Action Plan program launched by
Government of India in April 1985 in order to reduce the
pollution load on the river Ganga,
but it failed to decrease the pollution level in the river,
after spending more than 9 billion rupees over a period of 15
years. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(9):53-61]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020910.08
Key words: WQI, DO, BOD, COD, TS, TSS, TDS
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Expression Of Fas/Apo-1(Cd95) In Patients
With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Abdelgwad T*, El-Sayed IH**, Al-Rabat A*,
Badra G*** and Abdelhafeez N*
* Clinical pathology Department,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha
University,
**Molecular Biology Department, Institute
of Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology, Minofiya
University,
***Internal Medicine Department, National Institute of Liver, Minofyia University.
E-mail:
ibrahimelsayed@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
is the most common primary hepatic tumor and one of the most
common cancers worldwide. Apoptosis and the Fas system are believed
to be involved in the process of hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
Fas-expressing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important
antitumor effector cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were
isolated from 16 patients with HCC and 17 patients with liver
cirrhosis and Fas expression was analyzed by flow cytometry.
The results were compared with normal control volunteers. The
results showed that the Fas mean was significantly higher in
patients with HCC compared with liver cirrhosis patients and normal
controls (52.09±17.7% vs. 16.68±10.21 vs. 14.19±7.25%,
respectively). In conclusion, the elevated blood levels of Fas
have been observed in patients with hepatocellular cancer, indicating
a significant role in liver cancer tumorigenesis. [Report
and Opinion 2010;2(9):62-67]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020910.09
KEYWORDS: Fas, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),
flow cytometry, liver cirrhosis
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Effect Of Partial Replacement Of
Berseem Hay By Corn Silage On Performance Of Growing Rabbits
Gaafar, H.M.A.; A.I.A. Abd El-Lateif
and Salwa B. Abd El-Hady
Animal Production Research
Institute, Agricultural Research
Center, Nadi El-Said Street,
Dokki, Giza,
Egypt.
E-mail: dr.gaafar@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Two experiments were
done to study the effect of partial replacement of berseem hay
by corn silage on the performance of growing rabbits. In the
first one, 8 mature male NZW rabbits with an average body
weight of 2.5
kg and 8 months old were used to
determine digestibility coefficients and nutritive values of
berseem hay (BH) and corn silage (CS). In the second one, 30
NZW growing rabbits of 60 days of age were used in a complete
randomized design experiment with three treatments. The first
group fed commercial rabbit diet including 40% BH (control
diet), while in the other two groups 50 or 100% of BH was
replaced by CS throughout the 70 days of experiment. Results of
the first experiment indicated that the contents of OM, EE and NFE were higher, but the
contents of DM, CP and CF were lower in corn silage (CS)
compared with berseem hay (BH).
The digestibility coefficients of DM, OM,
EE and NFE and the contents of TDN and DE were significantly
higher (P<0.05), but the CP and CF digestibilities and DCP
content was significantly lower (P<0.05) for CS than BH. In the second experiment,
the contents of OM, EE and NFE
increased, but the contents of DM, CP and CF decreased with
increasing the level of replacing BH by CS. The
digestibilities of DM, OM, EE
and NFE and TDN and DE values and TVFA's concentration increased
significantly (P<0.05), but CP and CF digestibilities and
DCP value, pH value and
NH3-N concentration decreased significantly
(P<0.05) with increasing the level of replacing BH by CS. The final body weight, total and daily
weight gain, the total and net revenue and net revenue
improvement increased significantly (P<0.05), however, average
daily and total DM intake, feed cost and feed cost per kg gain
decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing the level
of replacing BH by CS. The amount of DM required per kg gain
was significantly lower (P<0.05) for diets contained 50 and
100% CS compared with commercial rabbit diet. The slaughter
weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, meat weight and
percentage and EE percentage increased significantly
(P<0.05), but the percentages of DM, CP and ash decreased
significantly (P<0.05) with increasing the level of replacing
BH by CS. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(9):68-74]. (ISSN:
1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020910.10
Key words: NZW rabbits, corn silage,
digestibility, body weight gain, economic efficiency and
carcass traits
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Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in
Shallow and Deep Aquifers: A Case Study
Navneet Kumar
Department of Applied Science,
College of Engineering,
Teerthankar
Mahaveer University, Moradabad-244001, Uttar Pradesh, India
navkchem@gmail.com
Abstract:
Groundwater is an essential and vital component of our life
support system. The groundwater resources are being utilized
for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes. There is
growing concern on deterioration of groundwater quality due to
geogenic and anthropogenic activities. Groundwater, being a
fragile must be carefully managed to maintain its purity within
standard limits. So, quality assessment and management are to
be carried out hand-in-hand to have a pollution free
environment and for a sustainable use. In order to assess the
quality for consumption by human beings and for use in
agriculture, the groundwater from the shallow aquifers and deep
aquifers. Spatial distribution of pH, total dissolved solids
(TDS), fluoride, total iron, chloride (Cl&) and
electrical conductivity (EC)
content of groundwater samples collected from the
shallow and deep aquifers of Dhampur tahsil area, Bijnor
district, Uttar Pradesh, India. In the Dhampur tahsil area, the
shallow aquifers that supply water to dugwells of the
catchments area of study have poor water quality than those of
the borewells from the deep aquifers. Result shows the
groundwater of both aquifers is found to be alkaline in nature
with an average EC value of less than 300µS/cm. The total iron
content is found to be more than 0.5 mg/L in certain areas of
the region. For the shallow aquifers the observed maximum TDS
was 827.34 mg/L and 562.14 mg/L for the deep aquifers. In
general, the concentration of EC and TDS in the groundwater of
the shallow and deep aquifers reveals the shorter
groundwater-rock-contact time. The chloride content is observed
in both the aquifers invariably. The fluoride contents in both
aquifers were found to be within the permissible limits. This
makes the groundwater quality in shallow aquifers in the
catchments area of study is found to be severely polluted and
moderately polluted in deep aquifers. The level of pollution is
maximum in shallow aquifers and unfit for human consumption.
The study involved evaluation of groundwater quality both in
shallow and deep aquifers in April 2007. [Report and Opinion
2010;2(9):75-87]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020910.11
Key words: Groundwater quality; deep
aquifers; pollution; severely
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