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Science Journal

Report and Opinion

Volume 2 - Issue 5, Cumulated 11, May 25, 2010, ISSN 1553-9873

Cover Page, Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, All papers in one file

All comments are welcome: editor@sciencepub.net

CONTENTS

No.	Titles / Authors	Full Text
1	Analysis Of The Major Ion Constituents In Groundwater Of Jaipur City Dinesh Kumar Tank And C. P. Singh Chandel^* Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur – 302004, India chandelcps@rediffmail.com Abstract: The present study focused on the hydrochemistry of groundwater in Jaipur city to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. Groundwater samples were collected from eleven stations of Jaipur city during monsoon season and were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, nitrate and fluoride. Comparison of the concentration of the chemical constituents with WHO (world health organization) drinking water standards of 1983, the status of groundwater is better for drinking purposes. Results indicate that nitrate concentrations are in an alarming state with respect to the use of groundwater for drinking purposes. The calculated values of SAR, RSC and percentage sodium indicate that the water for irrigation uses is excellent to good quality. US Salinity diagram was used for evaluating the water quality for irrigation which suggests that the majority of the groundwater samples were good for irrigation. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):1-7]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.01 Key words: Physico-Chemical Parameters, Groundwater, US Salinity Diagram and Piper diagram	Full Text
2	Impact of Inflation and Government Agricultural Policies on Relative Price variability of Cash Crops in Nigeria Mesike, C.S¹. Okoh, R.N², and O.E. Inoni² ¹Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 1049, Benin City, Nigeria. ²Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria sammesike@yahoo.ca , roseokoh@yahoo.com , Inoniemma@yahoo.com Abstract: The paper investigated the impact of inflation and government agricultural policies on relative price variability of cash crops in Nigeria using co-integration and ECM approach. The analysis was carried out on time series data collected from 1970 to 2008. The result shows that inflation has a significant positive impact on relative price variability in the short-run and long-run. Polices like Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), Post-Structural Adjustment Programme (PSAP) and Green Revolution (GR) affected price changes that led to efficient re-allocation of resources among cash crops in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that long-run government agricultural policies should therefore be continued and also, policies that would protect the agricultural sector from the impact of inflation in the short-run should be encouraged. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):8-13]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.02 Keywords: inflation, agricultural policies, price variability, Nigeria	Full Text
3	Comparative study of serum lipid profile between chronic hepatitis C Egyptian patients and normal controls and the effect of viral eradication on lipids profile Ehab H Nashaat, MD Associated professor of internal medicine ,Faculty of medicine ,Ain Shams university. ehabnashaat@hotmail.com Abstract: Background: Hepatitis C is a common infection in the Egyptian population, specially genotype 4 .It is well recognized in many studies that hepatitis C chronic infection is associated with hypolipidemia ,so in our study we compare the lipid profile between 150 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 150 normal persons with comparable age, sex and body mass index (BMI). The fasting cholesterol ,low density lipoprotein(LDL),high density lipoprotein(HDL),and triglyceride were compared .Then 36 patients of them received treatment in the form of pegylated interferon and ribavirin and then the patients who achieved viral clearance was reevaluated as regard the lipid profile versus the patients who did not achieve viral clearance and the relpsers. In our study we found that patients with chronic hepatitis C had significant lower LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides than normal persons with comparable age, sex and BMI .The treated patients with sustained virological response showed increased LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides from baseline compared to patients without viral clearance and even 2of them had increased LDL more than 130 mg/dl and had increased in cholesterol level more than 200 which necessate treatment for dyslipidemia in order to prevent the risk of coronary heart disease. Conclusion: patients with chronic hepatitis C had high levels of LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides than non infected persons and after viral clearance a significant number of patients showed LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides rebound even to levels may be associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease, so lipids should be carefully followed up after successful clearance of hepatitis C infection . [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):14-20]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.03 Key words: HCV infection,lipids profile ,pre and post treatment.	Full Text
4	Gastrointestinal Parasitism In Captive Animals At The Zoological Garden, Nekede Owerri, Southeast Nigeria. Opara, M.N., OSUJI, C. T. and Opara J.A+ Tropical Animal Health and Welfare Research Group Department of Animal Science and Technology +Department of Health Services Federal University of Technology P.M.B. 1526, Owerri Nigeria. oparamax@yahoo.com Abstract: This survey was carried out to establish the gastrointestinal parasites profile in animals at the zoological garden in Nekede, Owerri Southeast Nigeria. Thirty two animals consisting of 18 males and 14 females of 16 different species were examined. Faecal examination revealed an overall prevalence of 76.6%. Out of 118 gastrointestinal parasites encountered, 97(82.2%) and 21(17.8%) were helminthes and protozoa respectively. The helminthes observed were nematodes (Ascaris sp, Cooperia sp, strongyles, Trichuris sp. and Enterobius vermicularis), trematodes (Fasciola sp, Fasciolopsis buski, Schistosoma sp) and cestodes (Taenia sp), while Entamoeba sp and Giardia lamblia were the protozoa encountered. In the males, Haemonchus sp. had the highest prevalence of 19.7%, while Cooperia sp and Strongyloides sp each had the highest prevalence (29.4%) in the females. Enterobius vermicularis, (3.3%) and Taenia sp, (3.3%) and Fasciolopsis buski (5.9%) yielded the lowest prevalence in the male and female animal species respectively. All the animals examined harboured at least one GIT parasite, except the Mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus).Results of the faecal culture yielded Strongyloides sp. and Haemonchus sp. larvae in the male and female cane rats, male tortoise and hyena. GIT parasites were 74(62.7%) and 44(37.2%) in the male and female zoo animals respectively. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):21-28]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.04 Key words: Gastrointestinal Parasitism, Captive Animals, Zoological Garden, Nekede Owerri, Southeast Nigeria	Full Text
5	Relation Of Smoking And Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) To Hepatic Fibrosis In Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Ehab H Nashaat , Mohamed AM Makhlouf, Emad A Awad, Amal M El-Afifi, Ameer Helmy and Mohammad Abolfotouh Departments of Inetrnal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Ain Shams University. ehabnashaat@hotmail.com Abstract: Background:Liver fibrosis is an important pathological event in chronic hepatitis (CHC) patients that eventually progresses to liver cirrhosis. Host factors can affect the progression of liver fibrogenesis in CHC patients. Pathologic angiogenesis is linked to necroinflammation and fibrosis in CHC patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major pro-angiogenic factor, trigerred by hypoxia as in smokers, to stimulate angiogenesis and perpetuate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. *Aim of this study: was to assess serum VEGF in smoker and non-smoker CHC patients in relation to liver inflammation and fibrosis. Patients and methods: We determined serum VEGF level by competitive enzyme immunoassay method (ng/L) in 60 CHC patients and 30 healthy controls. The studied 60 CHC patients were divided into: group I (30 smoker CHC patients) and group II (30 non-smoker CHC patients). 30 healthy controls were included in group III. Complete blood count (CBC), liver biochemical profile including: serum ALT, AST, bilirubin, albumin and prothrombin time were determined for all groups. Serological diagnosis by determination of HCV-antibodies was done in group I and group II in addition to determination of viral load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histopathological diagnosis according to histological activity index (HAI) was done in CHC patients who were naïve to antiviral therapy. Results: We found significantly increased serum VEGF level in CHC patients compared to controls and in group I compared to group II (403±96.5 vs 320.5±102.8 vs 49.5±23.31, F= 18.4, P<0.01). Serum VEGF was significantly correlated to fibrosis stage in group I (r= 0.64, P<0.01) and group II (r= 0.38, P< 0.05). Serum VEGF was significantly correlated to grade of inflammation in group I (r= 0.72, P<0.01) and group II (r= 0.42, P<0.05). Significant fibrosis (F ³S2) was present in higher percentage of smoker than non-smoker CHC patients (c²= 14.8, P<0.01) and serum VEGF was correlated with number of cigarettes/day in group I (r= 0.61, P<0.01). Conclusion: We concluded that serum VEGF stimulated by smoking and possibly other hypoxic condition, is involved in pathological angiogenesis which is linked to fibrosis progression in CHC patients. Smoking seems to be a prognostic factor in CHC patients with impact on fibrosis progression and response to antiviral therapy. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):29-35]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.05 Keywords:* Smoking; Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF); Hepatic Fibrosis; Chronic Hepatitis C; Patients	Full Text
6	Software Cost Estimation through Entity Relationship Model Arshid Ali ¹, Salman Qadri ², Syed Shah Muhammad ², Jalil Abbas 3, Muhammad TariqPervaiz ², Sarfaraz Awan ² ^1. Department of Computer Science, GCU Faisalabad, Pakistan ^2. Department of Computer Science, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan ^3. Department of Computer Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan sayyed_qadri@hotmai.com Abstract: Software Cost Estimation is essential for efficient control and management of the whole software development process. Today, Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO 11) is very popular for estimating software cost. In Constructive Cost Model lines of code and function, points are used to calculate the software size. Actually, this work represents the implementation stages but in early stages in software development, it was not easy to estimate software cost. The entity relationship model (ER Model) is very useful in requirement analysis for data concentrated systems. This paper highlights the use of Entity Relationship Model for software cost estimation. Pathway Density is ushered in. By using the Pathway Density and other factors, many regression models are built for estimating the software cost. So in this paper, Entity Relationship Model is based on estimated cost of software. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):36-40]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.06 Keywords: ER Model, Cost Estimation, Entity	Full Text
7	Static and Dynamic Simulation of a new High Deflection Constant-velocity U-joint (Persian Joint) Majid Yaghoubi ^1, Seyed Saeid Mohtasebi ¹_,Ali Jafary¹ 1. Department of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Engineering and Technology,University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran yaghoubi64@gmail.com^, mohtaseb@ut.ac.ir, Jafaria@ut.ac.ir Abstract: This paper simulates statically and dynamically a new universal joint (Persian joint) which newly has been invented by M. Yaghoubi. The intersecting angle range of this joint is up to 100 degrees and even more and can transmit power at constant angular velocity at all angles. Because of its complex design, it can not be designed by analytical analysis. To solve this problem, the joint is designed with initial dimensions and by simulation of components statically and dynamically at a specified torque a new safety factor according to a component which has maximum stress was determined. By this safety factor all components can be designed. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):41-44]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.07 Keywords: Dynamic; Intersecting angle; Persian joint; Safety factor; Static; Stress	Full Text
8	Comparative study of lipid profile between chronic hepatitis C Egyptian patients and normal controls and its levels pre and post treatment Ehab H Nashaat ,MD Associated professor of internal medicine, Faculty of medicine ,Ain Shams university. ehabnashaat@hotmail.com Abstract: Background: Hepatitis C is a common infection in the Egyptian population, specially genotype 4 .It is well recognized in many studies that hepatitis C chronic infection is associated with hypolipidemia ,so in our study we compare the lipid profile between 150 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 150 normal persons with comparable age, sex and body mass index (BMI). The fasting cholesterol ,low density lipoprotein(LDL),high density lipoprotein(HDL),and triglyceride were compared .Then 36 patients of them received treatment in the form of pegylated interferon and ribavirin and then the patients who achieved viral clearance was reevaluated as regard the lipid profile versus the patients who did not achieve viral clearance and the relpsers. In our study we found that patients with chronic hepatitis C had significant lower LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides than normal persons with comparable age, sex and BMI .The treated patients with sustained virological response showed increased LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides from baseline compared to patients without viral clearance and even 2of them had increased LDL more than 130 mg/dl and had increased in cholesterol level more than 200 which necessate treatment for dyslipidemia in order to prevent the risk of coronary heart disease. Conclusion : patients with chronic hepatitis C had high levels of LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides than non infected persons and after viral clearance a significant number of patients showed LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides rebound even to levels may be associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease, so lipids should be carefully followed up after successful clearance of hepatitis C infection. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):45-51]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.08 Key words: HCV infection, lipids profile, pre and post treatment.	Full Text
9	Okra Yield – Period Model in a Derived Savannah eco climatic zone of Nigeria. Dauda, T.O. Agbaje, G.O. and Akintoye, N.A. Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University PMB 5029, Moor Plantation. Ibadan, Nigeria. taofikdaud@yahoo.com; taofik.iart@gmail.com Abstract: Okra yield model development for the Savanna eco climatic zone of Nigeria was carried out. The experiment was carried out at Moor Plantation Ibadan, Nigeria between January and July 2006 as well as 2007. Five rates of tyrax concentrations, 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.6% active ingredient (T₀ T₁T₂ T₃ and T₄) in 500ml of water and replicated four times in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) were used. The correlelogram of the okra yield for the lag period of 20 showed a decreasing trend over the lag period and 5% of the autocorrelation values for the 2007 data and 40% of that of the 2006 fall outside the range. The mean okra yield, 3.97, 210.02 and 3.14 returned for the period, season, and season by period were greater than F_{(9, 100;0.01)} = 2.59 and F_{(1, 100, 0.01)} = 6.9. The 3 models investigated for the relationship between periods and yield returned the coefficient of determination (R²) that were high and it (R²) ranged from 0.52 for the linear regression model and 0.67 for the natural logarithmic model. Also, all the models showed that there exist significant difference between the residuals returned for the dependent (crop yield) and the independent (period) variable. This was because, the 8.665, 6.384 and 16.278 returned for the linear, quadratic and the logarithmic models were greater than F_{(1, 8, 0.05)} = 5.32 and F_{(2, 7, 0.05)} = 4.74. The test of the residuals for these different models showed that the quadratic model had the least residual variance V(r) of 0.0003 while the natural logarithmic model had the highest residual variance, V(r) of 0.716. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):52-58]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.09 Key words. Correlelogram, yield capsule, Okra	Full Text
10	Assessment of Noise Level Status in Different Areas of Moradabad City Avnish Chauhan, Mayank Pawar, Dharmendra Kumar, Navneet Kumar and Rajeev Kumar* Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Department of Computer Science College of Engineering, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh-244001 Email: avnishchauhan_phd@aol.in, rajeev2009mca@gmail.com Abstract:* This first paper from this region which is based on noise level study. Exposure to high level of noise may cause severe stress on the auditory and nervous system. Transportation and electricity generator are the major source of noise pollution in Moradabad City. For this purpose present study was carried out at 14 different locations with Sound Level Meter to asses the day and night sound level in Moradabad City. It is observed that all the selected locations, the level of noise was found to be above prescribed noise standard level of CPCB, India. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):59-61]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.10 Keywords: Noise Level Status; Areas; Moradabad City	Full Text
11	An Evolutionary Analysis of Quasars Tom Heymann Rue Chandieu no. 3, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland. y.heymann@yahoo.com Abstract: The principal objective of this study was to investigate the formation and evolution of quasars. A method to build the density-distance curve for quasars was proposed, by applying a geometric normalization to account for the sampling bucket volume. Then the distribution of quasar relative magnitude was investigated, and led to a first order rate kinetics for the decay which was attributed to the nuclear activity of quasars. The quasar density-distance curve and quasar decay are in favor of the big bang hypothesis. Furthermore bright quasars seem to be formed by coalescence during an early epoch close to the big bang which is one of the underlying hypothesis in the herein study. The analysis of bright quasar formation gives us some insights on the environmental conditions under which they were formed (i.e. collision rate, density of celestial objects, and the energy availability in the universe). [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):62-67]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.11 Key words: Big bang, coalescence, decay, density, half-life, magnitude, quasar, redshift	Full Text
12	DETERMINATION OF GROUND WATER POTENTIAL IN LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY, OJO; USING GEOELECTRIC METHODS (Vertical electrical sounding and horizontal profiling) A .A Alabi^{1,2 ,}R. Bello^2,3, A.S Ogungbe^1,2, H.O Oyerinde¹, Department of Physics, Lagos State University, Lagos, +234, Nigeria¹ Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta,+234, Nigeria² Department of Physical Sciences, Crescent University, Abeokuta, +234, Nigeria³ derylab@yahoo.com ABSTRACT: A resistivity survey was carried out to study groundwater potential in Lagos State University (Faculty of Law open field), such as depth, thickness, resistivity and sediment at which water can be obtained. The geo-electrical methods used in the survey are Vertical Electrical Sounding and Horizontal profiling, with the aim of determining which method is best used to determine groundwater potential. Four Vertical Electrical Soundings were conducted using the Schlumberger configuration and Horizontal spread covering the entire area. The VES data were subjected to an iteration software (WIN RESIST) which showed that the area is composed of top soil, clay, sandy clay and sand. The Horizontal Profiling data was also subjected to an iteration software (DIPPRO) which gave the imaging of the lateral variation in resistivity. Based on the interpretation of the two methods, interested layer under the geoelectric section is sand in VES1-4 which signifies a probable aquiferous zone with resistivity range between 206.2Ωm to 406.6Ωm, and thickness from 3.0m to 13.0m. Areas with favourable resistivity and thickness were sand formation along the traverse with resistivity ranging between 226Ωm to 436Ωm. It was observed that there is really no difference between the VES and the horizontal profiling. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):68-75]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.12 KEYWORDS:* Groundwater potential, vertical electrical sounding, horizontal profiling	Full Text
13	Effects of Active Materials in Alcoholic Extract of Iraqi Propolis on Growth of Some Cancer Lines in The Laboratory and Cancer of Mammary Gland in Mice Jasim H. Naama; Zeid A. Nima; Ghassan M. Suleiman School of Biochemical Technology, Applied Sciences Dept., University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq. jasimhilo@yahoo.com Abstract: The present study was designed to Extract and investigate the chemical composition, antitumor activity of Iraqi propolis ethanolic extract (PE), which has not been studied previously. Nine compounds were identified by TLC and HPLC chromatography. Total phenolics were determined to be 29.29, 21.56, 21.90 mg.g^-1by using soxhlet, maceration 7 days, maceration 10 days respectively. Phenolic acids and flavonoids are present in medicinal plants and propolis in high concentration. A water-soluble extract of propolis (PE) was investigated for direct antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro. The local presence PE in the tissue caused a significant delay in tumor formation and increased life span 54.50 to 75.80%, respectively. PE was found to show very potent cytotoxicity against four neoplastic cancer cells: SF-295 (central nervous system), HCT-8 (colon), MDAMB-435 (breast) and HL-60 (leukaemia), with IC₅₀ below 1 µg/mL. Their cytotoxicities were compared to doxorubicin as a positive control. Based on these results, we postulate that the antitumor activity of Iraqi PE compounds includes direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):76-85]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.13 Key words: antitumor activity; cytotoxic effects; propolis	Full Text
14	High-Tech Courier Services as an E-Courier services in India Prospective Avnish Chauhan¹, Satyendra Singh³, Ankur Jain² and Rajeev Kumar² ¹Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, College of Engineering, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh-244001 ²Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh-244001 ³Faculty of HTS, Noida, UP, India. avnishchauhan_phd@aol.in, rajeev2009mca@gmail.com Abstract: This present study “e-Courier Services” has been developed to keeping in mind the heights of “Information technology has reached to new height” and when everything is powered with computers does make a great difference. This website contains information about user function such as booking the couriers and services, loading the collection of lots in the selected consignments in container as well as administrator function such as office registration, creating user, viewing suggestions and complaints of user, adding new cities and states, view the status of consignment etc. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(5):86-93]. (ISSN:1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020510.14 Keywords: Pincode locator, Destination locator, Pickup, Client, Consignment Search, Rate calculator	Full Text