Report and Opinion
Volume
2 - Issue 4, Cumulated 10, April 20, 2010, ISSN 1553-9873
Cover
Page, Introduction,
Contents, Call for
Papers, All papers in one file
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CONTENTS
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No.
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Titles / Authors
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1
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Women Physical Aggression (A Review)
Ali Edalati
Faculty
of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia.
E-mail: alisq2008@yahoo.com;
Tel :+60122793206
Corresponding Author:
Ma’rof Redzuan
Faculty
of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
E-mail: marof@putra.upm.edu.my; Tel: +603-89467064
Abstract: Female aggression is a serious problem in most societies
and is increasing these days in families. Female aggression has a
negative effect on women as offender, their partners, children,
and society in general.
This paper aims to review the articles based on research
that have been done on females’ physical aggression. It attempts to show that
females are also physically aggressive as males. According to the existing literatures, the rate of females’
physical aggression is equal to those of males, and in some
studies it is found to be higher than males. Based on these findings, it
is concluded the rate of females’ physical aggression is
either equal to or higher than males, but not necessarily less
than males. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(4):1-6].
(ISSN:1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020410.01
Keywords:
Wives Aggression,
Female Aggression, Physical Aggression, Theories of Aggression
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2
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Restoring Nigeria’s lead in Gum Arabic
Production: Prospects and Challenges
M .U
.B. Mokwunye1 and Aghughu, O*2.
1.
Executive Director’s office,
Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P M B 1049, Benin City,
Nigeria.
2. Plant
Breeding Division, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P M B
1049, Benin City, Nigeria
okieaghughu@yahoo.com, uzomokwunye@yahoo.com
Abstract: Gum arabic is a leguminous tree
species that is well adapted to sudan and sahelian agro-ecology
of Africa. In Africa,
gum arabic plays a significant role both in the rural life and
economic activities of the people. The tree is valued for its
high quality gum which is a foreign exchange earner. Nigeria is
a major producer in the world. Her production declined in
recent times from second world producer to third due to some
challenges that could be controlled. The reasons for the
decline and possible remedies are herein suggested. [Report and
Opinion 2010;2(4):7-13]. (ISSN:1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020410.02
Keywords: Gum arabic, production, decline,
prospects
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3
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Monitoring of Deforestation and Forest Degradation
Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study of Ranchi in
Jharkhand (India)
Pavan Kumar 1,*, Meenu Rani
2, P.C. Pandey 3, Arnab Majumdar 4
and M.S.Nathawat 5
Students1, 2, 4, Research
Scholer 3, Prof. and Head 5
Department of Remote Sensing, Birla
Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, India
*Correspondence
author- Email:pawan2607@gmail.com
Abstract: Forest ecosystem plays very important role in the
global carbon cycle. It stores about 80% of all above ground
and 40% of all below ground terrestrial organic carbon. Deforestation has many ecological,
social and economic consequences, one of which is the loss of
biological diversity. The rapid deployment of remote sensing
(RS) satellites and development of RS analysis techniques in
the past three decades have provided a reliable, effective, and
practical way to characterize terrestrial ecosystem properties.
The present study focus on the monitoring of deforestation and
forest degradation in Ranchi using geospatial approached. The
multistage statistical technique incorporated with the
satellite data of LISS III (1996 and 2008) gives a precise
monitoring of forest degradation. This paper aimed to the
analysis involved carrying out post classification change
detection. Supervised classification of images of different
epochs was carried out and then areas of the resultant classes
compared for change detection. [Report and Opinion
2010;2(4):14-20]. (ISSN:1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020410.03
Keyword: Remote Sensing,
Deforestation, Supervised Classification, NDVI, Change
Detection
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4
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Determination of Average Grain Sizes
and Water Evaporation Rates of Some Nigeria Clays at Oven
Drying Temperature
Chukwuka Ikechukwu
Nwoye1, Ihuoma Ezichi Mbuka 2 and Osita Iheanacho2
1 Department of Materials and
Metallurgical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,
Nigeria.
2 Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering,
Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
chikeyn@yahoo.com
Abstract: Studies
were carried out to determine the average grain sizes and
evaporation rates of some Nigeria clay at oven drying
temperature. The grain sizes were determined by sedimentation
analysis using hydrometer method. The drying process was
carried out at a temperature range: 80-1100C. The
results of the sedimentation analysis show that the average
grain sizes of Olokoro, Otamiri and Ukpor clay are 9.8195, 11.6
and 13.98 μm respectively. This implies mathematically
that Olokoro Clay Grain Size < Otamiri Clay Grain Size <
Ukpor Clay Grain Size. It was found that Olokoro clay has the
highest water evaporation rate compared to Ukpor and Otamiri
clay though of the three, it has the smallest grain size. This
resulted from higher gangue contents of Olokoro clay which were
burnt off during drying thereby enlarging existing
inter-particle spacing and invariably enhancing the quantity of
water lost by evaporation [Report and Opinion.2010;2(4):21-28].
(ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020410.04
Keywords: Determination,
Grain Sizes, Evaporation Rates, Nigeria Clay, Drying
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5
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Growth Response and Flower yield of Sunflower to
Phosphorus Fertilization in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
Adebayo, A.G Akintoye, H.A. Olatunji,
M.T. Shokalu A.O and Aina O.O
National Horticultural Research
Institute (NIHORT), P.M.B. 5432, Ibadan, Nigeria. ajisafeag@yahoo.com
Abstract: Sunflower is a crop with high cut
flower potential that needs to be developed in Nigeria for its
socio-economic values. Field studies were conducted in 2007 and
2008 cropping season at the experimental field of the Floriculture
Programme, National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan,
derived savanna ecology of Nigeria, to evaluate the effect of
phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on flower yield of
sunflower. Results indicated that growth and flower yield of
sunflower was significantly influenced by P application.
Highest plant heights (157 cm), stem girth (3.42 cm) were
obtained with the application of 90 kg P ha-1. Leaf
area of 100.48 cm2 was obtained with
60kgha-1application, while the highest number of leaves of 33.5
was recorded with 60 kg P ha-1 application in 2007
and 35.11 with 30 kg P ha-1 in 2008 respectively.
However, flower diameter was highest with 60 kg P ha-1,
seed weight (406 g) and 100 seed weight (6.3 g) per plant were
obtained with 30 kg ha-1. [Report and Opinion
2010;2(4):29-33]. (ISSN:1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020410.05
Keywords: Sunflower,
growth, flower yield, phosphorus fertilization
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6
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Investigating the Effect of Pb-Sb-Cu Alloy Casting
Techniques on Its Electrical Properties
Chukwuka I. Nwoye
Department of Materials and
Metallurgical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,
Nigeria.
chikeyn@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
effect of Pb-Sb-Cu alloy casting techniques on its electrical
properties was investigated
following casting of the alloys using using three
different techniques; Technique A, Technique B, Technique C and
cooling of the alloys after casting in the furnace and
determining their electrical properties. Technique A, involves
simultaneous addition of Cu powder and pouring of the molten
Pb-Sb into the mould. Techniques B, involves addition of Cu
powder intermittently as pouring of Pb-Sb into the mould was
going on and Technique C involves pouring a stirred mixture of
heated Pb-Sb alloy and powdered Cu into the mould. Copper
addition to the base alloy was dispersion of the copper powder
within the Pb-Sb matrix. The results of the investigation
indicate that the electric current flow, conductivity, power
dissipation, electrical resistance and resistivity from
Techniques A, B and C alloys show a sinusoidal variation with
each technique’s alloy due to different distribution
pattern of the added copper. This implies that these electrical
properties from each technique’s alloy are lowest and highest
at different Cu additions. This is a clear indication that
different electrical properties can be obtained on using the
three different casting techniques depending on the optimum
concentration of Cu required in the matrix to produce Pb-Sb-Cu
alloy. Furthermore, the best technique for casting efficiently
functional electrical components is dependent on the optimum
concentration of Cu required in the matrix to permit
achievement of maximum values of the associated electrical
properties. [Report and Opinion.2010;2(4):34-37]. (ISSN:
1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020410.06
Keywords: Effect, Casting
Techniques, Electric current flow, Pb-Sb-Cu Alloy
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7
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An impact of simulated acid rain of different pH-levels
on some major vegetable plants in India Arti verma*1,
Ashish Tewari1, Abdullah Azami2
1.
Department of Forestry, Kumaun University,
Nainital, Uttarakhand.
2.
Department of Environmental Science &
Ecology, P.G.Collage, Ghazipur, Uttarpradesh
artiverma60@gmail.com
Abstract:-The
impact of simulated acid rain with pH-levels of 5.0, 4.0 and
3.0 was studied on three most popular vegetable plants species
viz Capsicum annuum,
Lycopersicon esculentum and Solanum melongea of the family Solanaceae. The species were raised pure in earthen
pots with agriculture soil. In all the three species the growth
parameters and fruiting was severely curtailed with increasing
acidity. However, the chlorophyll content was more or less unaffected.
[Report and Opinion 2010;2(4):38-40]. (ISSN:1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020410.07
Keywords: Solanaceae; acid
rain; growth parameters; vegetable plants; pH; India
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Diclofenac
versus Allopurinol for the prevention of post-ERCP
pancreatitis: a prospective randomized controlled trial
1Gamal Badra, 2 Ibrahim H. El-Sayed, 1Medhat
Assem, 1Ahmed Abu Amer, 1Esam Elshimi, 1Imam
Waked
1Hepatology Department, National Liver Institute. 2
Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Genetic
Engineering and Biotechnology, Minofiya University, Sadat
city, Egypt
Email:
Ibrahimelsayed@yahoo.com
Abstract: Background: Pancreatitis is the most common complication following
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which
can on occasions be severe and life threatening. Aim: To compare the efficacy of
diclofenac, allopurinol 300 mg and allopurinol 600 mg for the
prevention of post-ERCP acute pancreatitis. Patients and Methods: 130 patients
were scheduled for ERCP either for diagnosis and or treatment
of obstructive jaundice. Patients were randomized to receive a
single dose of either: 100 mg diclofenac suppository
immediately after ERCP (40 patients, 25 males, mean age
51.8±14.6 years), 300 mg oral allopurinol one hour before ERCP
(30 patients, 16 males, mean age 53.3±11.5 years), 600 mg oral
allopurinol one hour before ERCP (40 patients, 24 males, mean
age 47.6±14.3 years) or no prophylaxis (control group) (20
patients, 14 males, mean age 46.9± 14.4 years). Serum amylase
and lipase were measured immediately before, 4 and 24 hours
after ERCP. Pancreatitis
was considered when there was abdominal pain consistent with
pancreatitis, coupled with the need for unplanned hospital stay
or extension of the planned hospital stay by at least 2 days,
with rise of serum amylase at least 3 times the upper normal
level. Results: None of
patients on diclofenac or large dose allopurinol developed
post-ERCP pancreatitis, versus one patient on allopurinol 300
mg and two in the control group. Serum amylase and lipase
increased significantly after ERCP in the diclofenac,
allopurinol 300 mg and the control groups (p<0.05). In the allopurinol
600 mg group, serum amylase increased significantly at 4 hours
after ERCP while serum amylase at 24 hours and serum lipase at
4 and 24 hours did not. Conclusions: high dose allopurinol (600mg) prevented the increase in
serum amylase at 24 hours and serum lipase at 4, and 24 hours
after ERCP. Both diclofenac and allopurinol 600 mg were
associated with low incidence of post–ERCP pancreatitis. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(4):41-51]. (ISSN:1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020410.08
Key words: pancreatitis, ERCP, Lipase,
Amylase, Allopurinol, diclofenac
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Integrated Water Resources Management and the
Millennium Development Goals in Chad
1Massing
Oursingbé, 2Dokoubou Joseph Rodolphe
1 Department of Hydrogeology and Water
Resources, School of Environment Studies, China University of
Geosciences, 430074-Wuhan, Lumo Road 388, Hubei, People’s
Republic of China
2
Ministry of Water, 1769 N’Djamena,
Republic of Chad,
massing.2@hotmail.com/massing_ii@yahoo.fr
Abstract:
Chad, a country located between the 7th and 24th degrees north
latitude and the 13th and 24th degrees east longitude, presents as many
developing countries multiple problems
related to managing its water resources. In fact, several
political, social, economic and environmental factors hinder their effective management. These factors deal
particularly with
the passivity of the actors in charge of water problems, an overlap
of competences,
the lack of financial means, the sectorial approach of solving
problems related to water, the unilateral policy, the
inefficiency of the main drinking water distributor (STEE), the sociopolitical context
characterized by a pseudo instability, the lack of human
capacities and the lack of appropriate texts and adequate structures.
The consequences are dramatic and affect significantly the
development process. Thus, the constant degradation of water
quality and its unequal distribution are all tangible signs
which indicate a poor water management, and contribute
significantly to the population’s impoverishment in terms
of health, urbanization, economy and trade. Some bilateral and
multilateral actor’s initiatives which are centered on
water supply, the irrigation program support, fishing, etc., come
light this on the dark board of water management in Chad. The ratification
by Chad of various international treaties related to water and
its membership at the different organizations in charge of basins management (Niger
Basin Authority, Lake Chad Basin Commission) constitute
the advantages for national improvement framework of the
integrated water resources management. The integrated water
resources management (IWRM) is a systematic process for sustainable development,
attribution and monitoring of the use of water resources in the
context of the social objectives, economic and environmental.
It is a very important and strategic framework for a
double targeted process for achieving the Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) and the strategy of sustainable development as
recommended during the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)
in Johannesburg
in 2002. The Governments need to plan the implementation
this strategy to achieve the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). [Report and
Opinion 2010;2(4):52-61]. (ISSN:1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020410.09
Keywords:
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), Sustainable
Development, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), countries in
development process, Chad
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Cytogenetic
and mutagenic effects of Alvidar and thyroid hormones on female
mice and embryos
Hanaa
M. Roshdy
Cell Biology Department,
National Research Centre -Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Corresponding
author: Hana-amr@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Background: Hypothyroidism is one of the most
common problems that develop in the thyroid gland which can be
happened to females during pregnancy causing many diseases to
the pregnant females and their expecting embryos. The two
thyroid hormones levothyroxine (T4) and
triiodothyronine (T3) are synthetic hormones used in
the treatment of (hypothyroidism). Also another newly herbal
medication called, Alvidar is used for the treatment of
hypothyroidism which composed of herbal that help in improving
the function of thyroid gland without any chemicals or
hormones. In fact no adequate studies were been done in the
human and animals concerning the mutagenicity of Alvidar,
levothyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
especially during pregnancy. Aim of the study is to
evaluate the cytogenetic and mutagenic effect of Alvidar, (T4)
and (T3) on the pregnant females and their embryos. Materials
and Methods : Pregnant female mice were administrated
orally with a doses (1.3, 0.13) and 0.07 mg/kg/day of Alvidar,
T4 and (T3) respectively from day (1 to day 17 of
gestation. Cesarean section were completed on (18) day of
gestation, cytogenetic analysis micronuclei formation and
developmental toxicity were examined. The results showed that
Alvidar and triiodothyronine T3 caused a significant
increase in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations fetal
toxicity micronuclei formation and fetal toxicity in the
pregnant females and their embryos and these toxicity were
highly increased in the (T3) group than Alvidar
group compared with controls. While in the thyroxine (T4)
group no mutagenic or embryo toxic effects were observed in the
mothers and their embryos compared with control group. Conclusion:
These results indicate that triiodothyronine (T3)
hormone and Alvidar (herbal medication) had a cytogenetic and
embryotoxic effects when administered orally during pregnancy.
While levothyroxine (T4) hormone had no cytogenetic
or embryotoxic effects during pregnancy. [Report and Opinion
2010;2(4):62-70]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020410.10
Key words: Alvidar, triiodothyronine, (T3)
thyroxine (T4) micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations,
mice, embryos
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11
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Oil impact in Chad’s economic growth
Ndjedanem Demtade Nadingar*,
Chen Shuwang yang
1. China
University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road,
Wuhan, P.R. China Postcode: 430074.
alafi2004@yahoo.fr
Abstract: In context of rapid oil boom in
Africa, our attention was related to the Chadian oil project in
order to make a presentation of this project, to evaluate the
project, to know the different actors of this project, to
evaluate the project while paying an special attention its
impacts has on the economic growth of Chad through the
Government actions and finally to put forth recommendations to
improve this project. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(4):71-78].
(ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020410.11
Keywords: Africa;
Chadian oil; economic growth; Chad
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12
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Credit and money market of the bank of
the central Africa States (BEAC)
Ndjedanem Demtade Nadingar1,
Chen Shuwang yang 1
China University
of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road,
Wuhan, P.R. China Postcode: 430074.
alafi2004@yahoo.fr
Abstract: In a context of world economic crisis,
our article on the credit and money market aim to emphasize the
influence of the bank of the States of Africa on the saving in
each one of its members in general and on Chad in particular
through the service of credit and money market. [Report and
Opinion 2010;2(4):79-84]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
doi:10.7537/marsroj020410.12 Key words:
BEAC, Credit, Money Market, Interbank market, obligatory
reserves
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