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1

Doppler Ultrasound assessment of the fetal Umbilical and Middle-cerebral Arteries in Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) in the Third trimester

Bushra A. Abdelmalik¹, Saadia Ibrahim², Ahmed Abukonna³, Mustafa J. Musa⁴

^1. University of Hail. College of Applied Science, Department of Diagnostic Radiology

^2. The National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan.

^3. College of Medical Radiologic Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.

^4. Radiology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to use Doppler indices to measure umbilical (UA) and middle cerebral (MCA) arteries for high risk pregnancy in 3^rd trimester. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) for each artery were measured in 100 known cases of IUGR and compared with control group of 50 normal pregnant women. The mean (UA) indices were (PI 1.299, RI 0.749, S/D 5.137) and the mean indices for (MCA) were (PI 1.347, RI 0.732, S/D 3.833). The end diastolic flow (EDF) in (UA) was decreased in 39.3% cases, absent in 17.6%, positive in 37.2% and reversed in 5.9% cases but the (EDF) in (MCA) was increased in 75% and positive in 25%. The study showed (37.3%) of cases have oligohydrominus, (15%) decreased liquor, (3.9%) polyhyrominus and (43.11%) were normal. The study suggested that (RI) of (UA) was a good predictive tool for detection of IUGR.

[Bushra A. Abdelmalik, Saadia Ibrahim, Ahmed Abukonna, Mustafa J. Musa. Doppler Ultrasound assessment of the fetal Umbilical and Middle-cerebral Arteries in Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) in the Third trimester. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2):1-4]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.01

Keywords: Doppler indices; Umbilical artery; Middle cerebral artery; IUGR

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Estimation of factor VIII ; C and inhibitor among severe hemophilia A patients in Sudan

Dr. Wed elbahar H.Aballah¹, Dr. Maria M. Satti², Dr. Mansour M. Mansoor³, Dr. Fathelrahman M. Hassan⁴.

College of medical laboratory science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan¹⁺³⁺⁴. College of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan².

Phone: +249118283984; Email: fathbahar@gmail.com

Abstract: Hemophilia A is an X-linked bleeding disorder resulting from heterogeneous mutations in the factor VIII (FVIII) gene which is lead to absence or decreased function of coagulation factor VIII. About 72 patients regularly come to hemophilia center of Khartoum we find all study group are male 59 patients (81.9%) factor VIII activity is less than 1%, 13 patients (19.1%) factor VIII activity from more than 1 and less than 5%. About 8 patients (11.1%) are positive factor viii inhibitor, 20.8% of the patients hemoglobin is less than 12 g/dl, only two patients are reduced platelets from the normal, all patients are elevated APTT and normal PT.

[Wed elbahar H. Aballah, Maria M. Satti, Mansour M. Mansoor, Fathelrahman M. Hassan. Estimation of factor VIII ; C and inhibitor among severe hemophilia A patients in Sudan. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 5-7]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.02

Key words: factor VIII: C and inhibitor, severe hemophilia A, in Sudan

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3

Epidemiology Of Bovine Tuberculosis And Its Public Health Significance In Debre- Zeit Intensive Dairy Farms, Ethiopia

Meseret Bekele⁽¹⁾, Gezahegn Mamo⁽²⁾, Samueal Mulat⁽³⁾, Gobena Ameni⁽⁴⁾, Gashaw Beyene⁽⁵⁾, Etsegenet Tekeba⁽⁵⁾

¹Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of livestock and Fishery, P.O. Box. 1084. Addis Ababa Ethiopia

²Department of Veterinary Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Debre Ziet

³USAID AGP-LMD (CNFA) Regional Program Officer (Oromia), P.O. Box 81155 E- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

⁴Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

⁵Department of Veterinary Epidemiology, Ministry of livestock and Fishery, P.O.B. 1084. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Yohanan14sm@gmail.com

Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and its public health significance in 10 intensive dairy farms, owning 558 head of cattle in Debre Zeit. On the basis of the CIDT test, the overall animal level prevalence was 17.02% (95% CI: 16.99%- 17.05%). A statistically significant variation in prevalence was observed across age group (c² =19.9; P= 0.001); lactation (c² =13.42; P= 0.001) and parity class (c² =12.80; P= 0.012). The herd prevalence was significantly associated with herd management (c² = 32.19; P = 0.000) and air circulation (c² = 31.94; P = 0.000). Out of the 25 tuberculin skin tested dairy farmer workers 16 were skin reactors (>10mm induartion) with a prevalence of latent tuberculosis of 64% (16/25) was recorded. The prevalence was significantly different across their habit of raw animal product consumption (c² = 10.43; P = 0.001) and their knowledge of tuberculosis transmission (c² = 5.74; P = 0.017). With regard to their knowledge of bovine and its public health risk of transmission from cattle to human 64% (16/25) of the respondents do not know about bovine TB and its risk of transmission, while only 36% (9/25) were aware of the disease and its zoonotic transmission. Mycobacteriological culture of milk and nasal swab from strong tuberculin reactor animals showed 4% (1/22) growth in the culture and direct m-PCR result showed signal positive for 7 samples (3milk and 4nasal swab) out of 20 samples have signal for genus Mycobacterium. In conclusion, this study had demonstrated the high prevalence of BTB in the expanding dairy farms of Deber Zeit and hence it warrants a need for action towards the control of bovine tuberculosis in the study area.

[Meseret Bekele, Gezahegn Mamo, Samueal Mulat, Gobena Ameni, Gashaw Beyene, Etsegenet Tekeba. Epidemiology Of Bovine Tuberculosis And Its Public Health Significance In Debre- Zeit Intensive Dairy Farms, Ethiopia. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 8-18]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.03

Keywords: Bovine tuberculosis, CIDT, Debre Zeit, Epidemiology, Mycobacterium bovis, Public health

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Investigation quality of work life of nurses working in cancer sections

Saeid Hossein Oghli¹, Mahnaz SeyedShohadaei², Leila Khosravifar³, Fatemeh Zeinali⁴, Reza Karimirad⁵, Soraya Mam Khosravi⁶, Forough Rafiei⁷

^1. Lecturer in school of nursing of Naqadeh, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran

^2. Faculty member of Internal Surgery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Medical Sciences, Iran

^3. Deputy of education of Naqadeh, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran

^4. Instructor of Nursing, school of nursing of Naqadeh, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran

^5. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

^6. BSc student of Nursing, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran

^7. Professor and faculty member and head of the School of Nursing and Midwifery of Iran, University of Medical Sciences, Center for Nursing Care Research

s.oghli@yahoo.com

Abstract: Quality of working life in a body of work or organizational functions such as participatory management, job enrichment and working conditions to make deals, high quality of working life as a basic prerequisite of empowering human resources in the health care system known and nurses are the largest group in the community care provider The aim of this study was to determine the quality of work life for nurses. Methods: The study was a cross - sectional. The study included adult hospitals, including cancer, Tehran University of Medical Sciences study population consisted of 102 nurses working in these sectors constituted. To collect the data, demographic and quality of work life questionnaire was used Walton. Results: The findings of this study showed that nurses participating in this study aged 20-30 years old (41.2%) and work experience, most nurses (62.7%) for 1-5 years, quality of work life for nurses at the intermediate level (61.8) were the least fair and adequate polishing (1.8 ± 1.5) and providing opportunities for growth and security of the lives of most (10.41 ± 1.36) had average among the components of quality of work life. Conclusion: Most of the nurses participating in this study stated at the average level of their quality of work life and only two percent of nursing his working life at an optimum level (high) report that can be problematic for the health system. The results of this study can be used in the health field managers to develop strategic plans in order to improve the quality of nursing work life contribute to the development of the health system.

[Saeid Hossein Oghli, Mahnaz SeyedShohadaei, Leila Khosravifar, Fatemeh Zeinali, Reza Karimirad, Soraya Mam Khosravi, Forough Rafiei. Investigation quality of work life of nurses working in cancer sections. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 19-23]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.04

Keywords: quality of working life, cancer, nurses

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The impact of health education based on PEN-3 pattern in prevention of cardiovascular disease in people over 35 years of Amol city in 2014

Asgari Heidari¹, Mohammad Shirzad²

^1. MSc of Health Care Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

^2. BA of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran

asgariheidari@ymail.com

Abstract: The main purpose of this research was investigation the impact of health education based on PEN-3 pattern in prevention of cardiovascular disease in people over 35 years of Amol city in 2014. Most major non-communicable diseases are known risk, it can prevent and eliminate or control more than 80% of heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer is 40%. The most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease include poor nutrition, obesity, insufficient physical activity, smoking, high blood pressure, lipid disorders, diabetes, and old age. Fortunately, non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases can be prevented to a large extent with the design and implementation of effective interventions deaths from these diseases can be reduced by up to 80%. One of the proposed educational model in health education is PEN-3 models.

[Asgari Heidari, Mohammad Shirzad. The impact of health education based on PEN-3 pattern in prevention of cardiovascular disease in people over 35 years of Amol city in 2014. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 24-27]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.05

Keywords: Health education, PEN-3 pattern, Amol city

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Bacteriological analysis of recirculatory Aquaculture systems in some fish farms in Lagos, Nigeria

Dauphin Dighitoghi Moro¹, Adenike Aladetohun.², Samuel Ola Akano³.

^1. Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria.

^2. Department of Fisheries Technology, Federal College of Fisheries & Marine Technology, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria.

^3. Department of Medical Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria.

moro_dad@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bacteriological analysis of recirculatory aquaculture systems in eight farms randomly selected in the Lagos metropolis was carried out. Two fish farms each were examined from Iyana-Iba, Victoria Island, Maryland and Ibeju Lekki. A set of questionnaires was also administered on the staff of the fish farms. Ninety six (96) catfish, Clarias gariepinus were obtained from the fish farms studied with twelve fish samples from each of the fish farms. Each fish was dissected aseptically to bring out the liver and kidney. A swab each of the liver, the kidney, the gill and the skin were studied bacteriologically using standard methods. Water samples and feeds were also examined from all fish farms for E.coli and other enteric bacterial pathogens. Thirteen bacterial species were recovered from the fish farms which included E.coli, Shugella sp, Edwardsiella sp, Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp,. Aeromonnas sp., Pleisomonas sp., Vibrio sp., Hafnia sp., Acinetobacter sp, Serratia sp, Salmonella sp and Yersinia sp. No bacteria was recovered from the fish feed and the stocking density practiced in all fish farms conformed with standard practices. Educational status appeared not to be a predisposing factor to fish infection.

[Dauphin Dighitoghi Moro, Adenike Aladetohun, Samuel Ola Akano. Bacteriological analysis of recirculatory Aquaculture systems in some fish farms in Lagos, Nigeria. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 28-31]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.06

Key Words: Clarias gariepinus, fish farm, recirculatory aquaculture system, fish diseases

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Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites Of Goats In Bedeno District Of Eastern Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

Tadele Kabeta and Aliyi Mohammed

Wollega University, School of veterinary medicine P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia

Corresponding author: firanfiri.04@gmail.com

Abstract: Gastrointestinal nematode parasites are the major animal health constraints in goat production and contributing loss in productivity and economy. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to April 2015 in Bedeno district of Eastern Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia, to determine the prevalence of major gastrointestinal nematodes of goat and to assess associated risk factors in the study area. The present study revealed the existence an overall 43.5% prevalence of GI nematode parasites, among the different nematodes, the prevalence of strongyle type was 30.5% followed by Strongloid species 6.8% and Trichuris species 1.8% using coprological examination. Prevalence of infection was greater (45.5%) in males than females (42.5%) and higher prevalence was observed in younger (48.3%) as compared to adult (42%). Difference in body condition score is statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) with gastrointestinal nematode infection such that highest prevalence in poor body condition (93.5%) when compared with good body condition (2.3%). Out of 384 sampled goats, 14.8%, 20.1% and 8.5% were infested lightly, moderately and massively respectively. The highest degree (17.2%) of infection was occurred in March while the least (0%) was in January and February. The finding suggests that Bedeno district is conducive for the successive maintenance and subsequent transmission of nematode parasites to susceptible hosts. Therefore strategic anthelminthic treatments of goat with broad spectrum anthelminthic at the beginning of rain and at the end of dry season should be recommended to reduce the worm burden and minimize pasture contamination with larvae.

[Tadele Kabeta and Aliyi Mohammed. Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of goats in bedeno district of eastern hararghe zone, eastern Ethiopia. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 32-39]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.07

Keywords: Bedeno district, cross-sectional study, nematode parasites and goats

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Synthesis, Characterization and Antihyperlipidemic of Rutin-calcium (II) Complex

Zhang Jing-liang^a, Cui Chang^b, Zhang Hui-li^c, Wang Shi-guang^a, Liu Jin-hai^c, Zhu Wei^d, Zhai Guang-yu^{c, e}

^a.School of Medicine, Zhengzhou university of industrial technology, Zhengzhou,451100, PR China

^b.School of Medicine, huanghe science and technology college, Zhengzhou,450000, PR China

^c.School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou university of industrial technology, Zhengzhou,451100, PR China

^d. Department of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China

^e. Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China

Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 371 66961670; E-mail address: zhaiguangyu@zzu.edu.cn（ZHAI Guang-yu）

Abstract: A rutin-ca complex was synthesised in methanol and was characterized using elemental analysis，UV-Vis spectroscopy，IR spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis. Spectroscopic data suggested that the metal/ligand ratio of the complex is 2:1. The antihyperlipidemic activity of the complex was evaluated by animal experiment of 30 wistar rats. It was shown that the complex was much more effective antihyperlipidemics than the free flavonoid.

[Zhang Jing-liang, Cui Chang, Zhang Hui-li, Wang Shi-guang, Liu Jin-hai, Zhu Wei, Zhai Guang-yu. Synthesis, Characterization and Antihyperlipidemic of Rutin-calcium (II) Complex. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 40-48]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.08

Keywords: flavonoid, rutin-calcium (II) complex, synthesis, antihyperlipidemic

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Rethinking the Concept of Empowerment for Nursing Administration Using The Hybrid Model of Concept Development

Dr. Ahlam H. Abdullah, BSN, MSN, PhD.

University of Rhode Island.

Ahlam.Abdullah2@gmail.com; Mobile Number: 00966541779422

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discover the understanding of the concept of empowerment. This paper is analyzing the concept of empowerment by using the Hybrid Model. The hybrid model of concept development (Schwartz-Barcott & Kim, 2000) is an approach that helps in the analysis and development of selected concepts. There are different models for concept analysis. The hybrid model combines theoretical and empirical analysis. Researchers face many difficulties when developing the central concept of a theory, such as lacking adequate definitions and measurements. The hybrid model aids researchers in identifying and overcoming difficulties by: selecting concepts integral to nursing practice for analysis; broadly reviewing literature to capture commonalities and extremes in the conceptualization and application across disciplines; focusing analysis on the definition and measurement of the concept; and interfacing the initial theoretical analysis based on the literature with the insights gained from the empirical data obtained in phase two (Schwartz-Barcott & Kim, 2000, p. 130).

[Ahlam H. Abdullah, BSN, MSN. Rethinking the Concept of Empowerment for Nursing Administration Using The Hybrid Model of Concept Development. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 49-57]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.09

Keywords: Empowerment, Hybrid Model, Nurses

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Micromorphological and phytochemical studies of Tubinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh thallus (phaeophyceae)

Poonam Sethi

Department of Plant biology & biotechnology, Assistant professor, Guru Nanak college, Chennai. India.

poonam123.73@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Thallus of Turbinaria a marine alga belonging to Phaeophyceae was studied and detailed micromorphological and phytochemical evaluation was done. Morphology of the thallus has been studied to aid pharmacognostic and phytochemical evidences to aid in taxonomic species identification. Parameters presented in this paper may be proposed to establish the authenticity of this plant and can possibly help to differentiate the alga from its other species. The study revealed several interesting characters like funnel shaped terminal bodies and its cellular details. All the essential amino acids were present but isoleucine and asparagine occurred in huge amounts. Vitamin B6 formed the major part in addition to Vitamin B2 and Vitamin B1. The algae is a rich source of palmitic acid.

[Poonam Sethi. Micromorphological and phytochemical studies of Tubinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh thallus (phaeophyceae). Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 58-64]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.10

Key words: alga, marine, micromorphological, phaeophyceae, phytochemistry, Turbinaria

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Developing Accessibility Measurement Indicators for Iranian Health Centers

Mohamad Reza Maleki ¹, Seyed Jamaledin Tabibi ², Mahmoud Reza Gohari ¹, Shandiz Moslehi ³

¹ Associate Professor, Health Services Administration Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran and Member of Hospital Management Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

² Professor and Head of Health Services Administration Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran and Member of Hospital Management Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

³ PhD. Student of Health Services Management, Health Services Administration Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran and Expert of Management Development and Resource Planning Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

moslehish@sums.ac.ir

Abstract: All over the world there is a pressure to improve the performance and it is not achievable unless we have a performance measurement tool. The purpose of study was to identify a list of indicators for accessibility measurement of Iranian health centers. The study was conducted in three stages: first, conducting review articles of the literature to identify different indicators for accessibility measurement; second, the Delphi process was used with participating eighteen experts in three round Delphi; third, Analytical Hierarchy Process method was used to give weights to each indicator. 31 indicators were identified in the literature review. The Delphi method reduced the list to eight indicators. This model can be used as a template for measuring accessibility to the health centers in developing countries.

[Maleki M.R, Tabibi S.J, Gohari M.R, Moslehi Sh. Developing Accessibility Measurement Indicators for Iranian Health Centers. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 65-69]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.11

Key words: Accessibility; Measurement; Indicators; Iranian Health Centers

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Comparison of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy With and Without Prophylactic Surfactant in Preterm Neonates

Mahmoud Imani¹, Raheleh Derafshi¹, Azizollah Arbabisarjou ² (corresponding author)

¹Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.

² Department of Nursing, Zahedan School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.

Abstract: Preterm babies are at risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and require mechanical ventilation (MV) and surfactant for living. A method of MV is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) especially for neonates is Nasal CPAP in which surfactant is administered to them via tracheal instillation. The aim of present study was comparing nasal continuous positive airway pressure NCPAP therapy with and without prophylactic surfactant in preterm neonates. This is a randomized clinical trial study performed on eighty newborns (28-34 weeks) whom were born in Ali-ebne-Abitaleb hospital affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences from October 2008 to September 2010. Subjects were randomly classified into groups whom received nasal CPAP with or without surfactant (40 patients in each group). Factors for entrance to research were including approved RDS, gestational age less than 34 weeks and neonates 72 hours after delivery. The data collected through direct observation and 14 purposeful items by researcher. Both groups received surfactant (Curosurf, Parma, Italy) at 100mg/kg/24hours or 4ml/kg/24hours with NCPAP and NCPAP alone. The data analysis were conducted through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 17.00 and followed by Crosstab (Pearson Chi-square). Results revealed that six neonates who received only NCPAP and four patients who received NCAPA and surfactant underwent MV. After a week follow up, 33 neonates who received only NCPAP and 36 patients who received CPAP and prophylactic surfactant remained alive. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding adverse outcomes (P=0.518). According to the results of this study, NCPAP is indictable as a safe protocol for RDS in preterm neonates. Further research is required to clarify and validate our findings.

[Mahmoud Imani, Raheleh Derafshi, Azizollah Arbabisarjou, Comparison of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy With and Without Prophylactic Surfactant in Preterm Neonates. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 70-74]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 12. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.12

Keywords: RDS, Preterm, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

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Evaluation of the Effect of the Oral Motor Interventions on Reducing Hospital Stay in Preterm Infants

Nasrin Mahmoudi¹ - Khadijah Zarei Me ², Parisa mohaghegh³, Mahmoud Imani⁴ (corresponding author) - Mahmoud Rezaeipour^5, Azizollah, Arbabisarjou⁴

^1. Student of master in science of nursing at neonatal intensive cares, Tehran school of nursing and midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email: m_mahmoodi@razi.tums.ac.ir

^2. Faculty member, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. kh.zarei@razi.tums.ac.ir.

^3. Faculty member, Associate professor, Tehran University of Medical

Sciences, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran. pmohagh@yahoo.com

^4. Faculty member^3., Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. mimani2012@yahoo.com

^5. Pediatrician, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. m.rezaypoor@yahoo.com

Abstract: Low birth weight is the most important cause of mortality in infancy which occurs due to the several reasons including the birth of a preterm (premature) baby. These infants need to be in hospital due to the undeveloped respiratory and digestive systems and coordination between different systems. Long stay in the hospital can be associated with complications and high cost of treatment, therefore, treatments that reduce the duration of stay in hospital can help the patient and the healthcare system. Methodology: This study was a clinical-trial study which conducted through selecting both control and intervention groups. In this study, 20 cases (infants) were assigned to each group and intervention was performed using the PIOMI method. Results: The mean duration of stay in hospital in the both control and intervention groups were 19.4 (days) and 16.5 (days) respectively which showed a significant difference (P = 0.027). Discussion and Conclusion: Oral motor stimulation using PIOMI method is an effective help in earlier start of oral feeding, and reduction in the duration of stay in hospital. Therefore, this method can help the treatment of preterm infants and lower health care costs.

[Nasrin Mahmoud, Khadijah Zarei, Parisa Mohagheghi, Mahmoud Imani, Mahmoud Rezaeipour, Azizollah, Arbabisarjou. Evaluation of the Effect of the Oral Motor Interventions on Reducing Hospital Stay in Preterm Infants. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 75-78]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 13. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.13

Keywords: Species richness; beta-diversity; taxonomic diversity; forest; Preterm infant; oral motor stimulation; duration of stay in hospital.

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Analysis of Nevirapine and Lamivudine in human plasma of HIV infected patients by high-performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (LC-MS-MS)

Umar Yagoub^*1, Bulgiba A¹, Didi EM², Peramalah D¹, Lee C³, Chik Z^{2, 4}

^1. Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

^2. Shimadzu UMMC Center for Xenobiotics Studies, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

^3. Department of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buluh Selangor Malaysia

^4. University of Malaya Bioequivalence and Testing Center (UBAT), Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Email: mohammedumar2001@yahoo.com; Tel: + 966-554932680. Fax: + 966-73217443

Abstract: High pressure liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of lamivudine and nevirapine in human plasma. The method was validated over the linearity range of 10–500 ng/ml (R² > 0.99) using zalcitabine as an internal standard. Blood samples were obtained from HIV patients at two different collecting times which were first blood samples collected when the questionnaire was administered and second blood sample after one month from the collection of the first blood sample. The plasma extraction was performed using protein precipitation of plasma, followed by centrifugation. The lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was 10 ng/ml. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax-C18 and the flow rate was kept constant at 0.8ml/min. Mobile phase A was formic acid in water and mobile phase B was 10mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile with pH 5.8. LC-MS-MS in positive mode used pairs of ions of 230.20/111.90, 267.08/226.10, 212.08/112.00 for lamivudine, nevirapine and zalcitabine, respectively. Excellent precision and accuracy were observed. The recovery achieved was 85%. A second sample was collected from the same patients after a period of one month to validate the method. Higher sensitivity and accuracy achieved for this method make it suitable to measure low concentration of lamivudine and nevirapine in plasma of healthy and diseased subjects.

[Umar Yagoub, Bulgiba AM, Didi EM, Peramalah D, Lee C, Chik Z. Analysis of Nevirapine and Lamivudine in human plasma of HIV infected patients by high-performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (LC-MS-MS). Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 79-88]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 14. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.14

Keywords: Nevirapine; Lamivudine; LC-MS-MS; Validation

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Plan to design policies for science, technology and innovation in the field of obesity prevention and control measures in 20 years national vision

Dr. Shahram Alamdari, Dr. Farhad Hossein Panah, Dr. Parisa Amiri, Dr. Azam Alamdari, Dr. Fereidon Azizi

* Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

Alamdari.endocrine@gmail.com

Abstract: Problem Statement and Research Objectives:Obesity is an epidemic in a century, and developed and developing countries as a major problem in health care is a serious concern. Prevalence of overweight and obesity between the ages of 50 to 70 percent over twenty years In Tehran, 50% were overweight and 15 to 20 percent are obese. Obesity is directly or indirectly more than 10 percent of the cost of a country it covers. Obesity is also directly both through the development of diabetes, heart disease and various cancers are caused by damage to healthy humans. The increasing prevalence of this disease in children and adolescents countries is a serious concern. In most developed countries and some developing countries, the national program for prevention and control of obesity are defined in which to develop strategies and action plans and the role of all governmental agencies and non-governmental organizations also play a role (NGO) families and society are discussed. Of these countries can the U.S. and other countries like Canada, Australia, Europe and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, cited. In the industrialized world and developing countries like the United States of America, several states, including Ohio, New Jersey, New York, a program designed to prevent obesity and its implementation are being. Survey accomplished only by acting within the scope of national policies and programs to prevent and control obesity, Obesity Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Disease Control of the Ministry of Health was developed in 1384, but unfortunately has not been applied.

[Shahram Alamdari, Farhad Hossein Panah, Parisa Amiri, Azam Alamdari, Fereidon Azizi. Plan to design policies for science, technology and innovation in the field of obesity prevention and control measures in 20 years national vision. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 89-95]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 15. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.15

Keywords: model design, document, policy, science, technology and innovation, prevention and control measures of obesity, 1404

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Evaluation of a single bolus of erythropoietin effects on reducing ischemia-reperfusion injuries during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A randomized, double blinded placebo control study.

Shervin Ziabakhsh-tabary, MD, FCTS¹, Mohammad Reza Habibi, MD², Rozita Jalalian, MD³, Farzad Mokhtari-Esbuie, MD⁴

^1.  Cardiac surgery department, cardiac surgeon, Fatemeh Zahra hospital of Sari, Mazandaran university of medical science, Sari, Iran

^2.  Anesthesiology department,anesthesiologist, Fatemeh Zahra hospital of Sari, Mazandaran university of medical science, Sari, Iran.

^3.  Cardiovascular department, cardiologist. Fellow of echocardiography, Fatemeh Zahra hospital of Sari, Mazandaran university of medical science, Sari, Iran

^4.  General physician, Fatemeh Zahra hospital of sari, Mazandaran university of medical science, Sari, Iran

Tel: 00989123546414; E-mail: Farzad_Mokhtari_s@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: erythropoietin (EPO) is known as a regulating hormone for production of red blood cells called Erythropoiesis. Some studies have shown that erythropoietin have some non-hematopoietic protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury in myocytes. We evaluated the effect of EPO infusion on reducing ischemia-reperfusion injuries and improvement of cardiac function by echocardiography shortly after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Material and methods: 43 patients were joined the study and randomly divided in two groups, EPO group: receiving standard medication and CABG surgery plus 700 IU/kg erythropoietin and control group: receiving standard medication and CABG surgery plus 10cc normal saline as placebo. The cardiac functions were assessed by Echocardiography at before, 4 days after and also 30 days after CABG operation. Results: Echocardiography indicated that EF had no differences between EPO and control group at 4 days (47.05±6.29 vs 45.90±4.97, P=0.334) or 30 days after surgery (47.27±28 vs 46.62±5.7, P=0.69). There were no differences between EPO and control group in wall motion score index at 4 days (P=0.83) or 30 days after surgery (P=0.902). In EPO group: Left ventricle end systolic and diastolic diameter (LVESD, LVEDD) had reduction, as compared to control group. Conclusion: we suggest that peri-operatively exogenous EPO infusion can’t improveventricular function and Wall motion index in first weeks after surgery. But as compared to control group, reduction in LVEDD and LVESD at 4 days or 30 days after CABG surgery in EPO group suggested that EPO had correlation with reduction of myocytes remodeling and reperfusion injury early after CABG surgery.

[Shervin Ziabakhsh-Tabary, Mohammad Reza Habibi, Rozita Jalalian, Farzad Mokhtari-Esbuie. Evaluation of a single bolus of erythropoietin effects on reducing ischemia-reperfusion injuries during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A randomized, double blinded placebo control study. Biomedicine and Nursing 2016;2(2): 96-101]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 16. doi:10.7537/marsbnj020216.16

Keywords: erythropoietin, ischemia, reperfusion injury, coronary artery bypass graft

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