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SEROPREVALENCE OF SMALL RUMINANT BRUCELLOSIS IN ETHIOPIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Desalegn Zemene^*, Tsegaw Fentie, Tsegaye Aseredie, Adem Beyan

^* Livestock Resources Development Office Lay Armachiho, Ethiopia.

Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences,

Gondar, Ethiopia.

Agricultural Research Institutes, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Livestock Resources Development Office Lay Armachiho, Ethiopia.

Corresponding Author: Desalegn Zemene, Livestock Resources and Development Office Lay Armachiho, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT: Objectives: The purpose of this research is to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review on seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis in Ethiopia. Methods: The data searching journal like PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar was used to search the articles. All articles are screened, which was reported seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis in Ethiopia to be included in the study. This systematic review and meta-analysis included 19 papers. Meta-analysis using random-effects models were made to calculate the pooled seroprevalence of brucellosis. Results: The study determined that the estimated pooled seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis was 3.0% (95% CI: 0.02, 0.03). According to the subgroup analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between the disease and the study region, publication year, laboratory technique used and studies years. Subgroup analysis by study regions the highest prevalence was observed in the Oromia region, with a prevalence of 3%, whereas the lowest prevalence was reported in the Amhara region, with a prevalence of 1%.  Additionally, there was some indication of publication bias in papers reporting the prevalence of small ruminant brucellosis in Ethiopia (Egger's test, p = 0.001). Conclusions: This analysis demonstrates the high seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis in Ethiopia and the necessity of suitable intervention strategies, such as increased public awareness creations and vaccination campaigns, as well as ongoing surveillance to manage and prevent brucellosis in cattle husbandry methods.

[Desalegn Zemene, Tsegaw Fentie, Tsegaye Aseredie, Adem Beyan. SEROPREVALENCE OF SMALL RUMINANT BRUCELLOSIS IN ETHIOPIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Biomedicine and Nursing 2024;10(2):1-17]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 01. doi:10.7537/marsbnj100224.01.

Keywords: Brucellosis, Ethiopia, Meta-analysis, Seroprevalence, Small ruminant

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The Investigation of Ornamental Plant Species Present in Pattoki Nurseries the Major Floral Business Hub of Pakistan

Ahtisham Arshad, Aleem Ahmed, Dr. Muhammad Shafiq and Arslan Abid

Institute of Agricultural Sciences, PU, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract: The present study was conducted to collect the exotic and indigenous plants species data from the 210 Nurseries of Pattoki in three months. Present findings confined to 147 plant species which belong to 52 families. It includes 61 species of trees, 46 species of shrubs, 11 species of palms, 8 species of grasses and 15 species of indoor plants. All these plant species have important use in landscaping. It includes plant species ranging from tropical environment to subtropical and temperate zone. The main aim of this study was to highlight the flora of Pattoki nurseries and plant species which are currently being used for landscaping in Pakistan. List of these plants, their environmental requirements and habit of growth is presented.

[Ahtisham Arshad, Aleem Ahmed, Dr. Muhammad Shafiq and Arslan Abid. The Investigation of Ornamental Plant Species Present in Pattoki Nurseries the Major Floral Business Hub of Pakistan. Biomedicine and Nursing 2024;10(2):18-25]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 02. doi:10.7537/marsbnj100224.02.

Keywords: Ornamental Plants, Pattoki, Indigenous Plants, Nursery

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Review on Anthelmintic Resistance in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants

Mogos Mekonin, Walkite Furgasa and Tadesse Birhanu*

School of Veterinary Medicine, Collage of Medical and Health Science, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia

*Corresponding author: drbirhan@yahoo.com

Abstract: Gastrointestinal nematode parasitism is one of the major factors limiting sheep and goat production world widely because they cause heavy economic losses in meat and wool production. The wide spread use of antihelmintic for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes infections in the small ruminants has resulted in antihelmintic resistance. Antihelmintic resistance is a heritable change in the ability of individual parasites to survive the recommended therapeutic dose of antihelmintic drug.  Among the classes of antihelmintic drugs currently in use, benzimidazoles is the first drugs to lose their effectiveness in nematodes of small ruminants, and antihelmintic resistance in sheep to thiabendazole was first reported.  Resistance in worms can be the result of a variety of mechanisms and can be roughly categorized as genetic changes in the drug target, drug transport or drug metabolism. The most important factor in the development of resistance in veterinary helminthes to antihelmintic is the contribution of  the worms, which survive treatment, make to the next generation. Fecal egg count reduction test and egg hatch tests are the method used to detect resistance to antihelmintic. The antihelmintic resistance is now considered the status quoin in most sheep-rearing countries. Therefore, appropriate control and prevention should be implemented.

[Mogos Mekonin, Walkite Furgasa and Tadesse Birhanu. Review on Anthelmintic Resistance in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminantsn. Biomedicine and Nursing 2024;10(2):26-33]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org.  03. doi:10.7537/marsbnj100224.03.

Key words:  Antihelmintic Resistance, Nematodes, Small Ruminants

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Screening of Marine Fatty Acids Producing Bacteria

¹Ahmed M. Gad, ¹Ehab A. Beltagy, ²Usama M. Abdul-Raouf, ¹Mohamed A. El-Shenawy, ¹Samia S. Abouelkheir

¹Microbiology Laboratory, Marine Environmental Division,

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt

²Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

Abstract: Thirty eight bacterial isolates were isolated from sediment samples during summer 2014. Screening of fatty acids production by using H₂O₂-plate assay method and TTC colorimetric method were performed. From few selected false positive strains all strains were found to give remarkable response for all concentration of H₂O₂ and high result for TTC when their lipid extract was injected into GC. The most promising marine bacterial isolate in the production of fatty acids was submitted to the phenotypic characterization through morphological, physiological, biochemical tests and genotypic characterization through 16S rDNA technique and was identified as Bacillus toyonensis strain GAD1. The Fatty acids profile of Bacillus toyonensis strain GAD1 produced after different times of incubation showed that the highest production of fatty acids was produced after 9 hrs (69.1% of total ex). Fatty acids produced by Bacillus toyonensis strain GAD1 showed antibacterial and antifungal activity towards Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio Sp., Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa  and for fungal ones Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus ,Aspergillus terreus and Candida albicans.

[Ahmed M. Gad, Ehab A. Beltagy, Usama M. Abdul-Raouf, Mohamed A. El-Shenawy, Samia S. Abouelkheir. Screening of Marine Fatty Acids Producing Bacteria. Biomedicine and Nursing 2024;10(2):34-48]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org.  04. doi:10.7537/marsbnj100224.04.

Keywords: Fatty acids production, Marine bacteria, Gas chromatography, Antimicrobial activities, Genotypic characterization

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Prevalence of Malaria Parasitaemia in Pregnant Women WHO Attended General Hospital Shendam, Plateau State, Nigeria

James G. Damen¹ and Victoria M. Daminabo²

¹Deaprtment of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences,

University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State

²Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science and Technology,

Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rumuola, P.M.B. 5936, Port Harcourt, Rivers State

jamesgdamen@yahoo.com; babediko40@yahoo.com

Abstract: Malaria infection during pregnancy is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. The study was designed to determine the prevalent of malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women who attended general hospital in shendam, Jos, Plateau State of Nigeria between the period of January and March, 2016. Participation was voluntary, pregnant women who gave consent to be part of the study were randomly selected. Questionnaires were distributed to the subjects to obtained demographic data. Blood samples were collected; thin and thick blood films were made and stained using Giemsa stain. The blood films were examined using oil immersion objective. The study revealed that an overall 5.6% of the 250 pregnant women were found to have malaria infections. It was found that women between the ages of 20-23 years had the highest prevalence of 2.0%. Highest prevalence of 3.6% was also recorded in non-formal education women. The results also showed that pregnant women in the first trimester recorded the highest prevalence of 4.8%. The study concludes that the low prevalence might be due to the intermittent prophylaxis given to pregnant women on antenatal care (ANC) and the use of long lasting insecticidal net by most pregnant women.

[James G. Damen   and Victoria M. Daminabo. Prevalence of Malaria Parasitaemia in Pregnant Women WHO Attended General Hospital Shendam, Plateau State, Nigeria. Biomedicine and Nursing 2024;10(2):49-57]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org.  05. doi:10.7537/marsbnj100224.05.

Keywords: Malaria infection, pregnant women, malaria parasitaemia, public health problem

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Prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis, identification of causative agents and sensitivity profile of isolates in Northern Pakistan

Noshsheen Sadaf¹, Khalil Ahmed¹, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees¹, Tika Khan^1&2*

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Karakoram international University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

²Integrated Mountain Area Research Centre, Karakoram international University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

*Corresponding author: tika.khan@kiu.edu.pk

Abstract

Mastitis is considered priciest disease causing multimillion dollar losses to dairy industry worldwide annually. Surf Field Mastitis Test (n=200) revealed almost one forth (n=57, 28.6%) positive. Similarly, highest infestation was recorded in Sonikot (n=30, 75%) followed by Kashrote (n=10, 25%), Yadgar Muhallah and Nagaral (n=8, 20%) each and Baseen (n=1, 2.5%) being the least. The various pathogens isolated by culturing and identified by biochemical tests from Surf Field Mastitis Test positive milk samples. Staphylococus was found    12 (21.5%), Streptococcus 10 (17.54%), Pseudomonas 8 (14.3%), and Escherichia coli 10 (17.54%). The infestation of Staphylococus, Streptococcus and Escherichia coli was high as compare to Pseudomonas. Most of the isolates found sensitive against Pefloxacin, partial resistant with Ampicillin. All isolates were resistant with Erythromycin and Amoxicillin. It is recommended that the milking cows should be kept in dry and clean areas, teats must be dipped in any antiseptic after milking process to avoid bacterial infections and treatment of the infected cows is important with an appropriate antibiotic.

[Noshsheen Sadaf, Khalil Ahmed, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees, Tika Khan. Prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis, identification of causative agents and sensitivity profile of isolates in Northern Pakistan. Biomedicine and Nursing 2024;10(2):58-61]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 06. doi:10.7537/marsbnj100224.06.

Key words: Microbiology, cow milk, bacterial contamination, prevalence, Gilgit, antibiotic sensitivity pattern

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A new combination of 4-hydroxyisoleucine and small dose amlodipine against DOCA-induced hypertension in rats: A comparative and mechanistic study

Mohamed Abdelmohsen Abdallah¹, Mohamed Farouk Ahmed² and Mohamed Elsayed Kelany^3*

¹ Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufeya University, Egypt. Email: mwmdy@yahoo.com

² Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufeya University, Egypt.  Email: m-pharma@windowslive.com

³ Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. E-mail: drmkelany@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-OH-Ile) represents a new treatment of diabetes, dyslipidemia and subsequent complications. Amlodipine (AML) is an antihypertensive with many dose-related side effects. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 4-OH-Ile and small dose amlodipine (s-AML) against DOCA-induced hypertension in rats, with comparison with high h-AML and the possible mechanisms. Methods: 48 adult male albino rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 8): control group: received vehicles: 0.3 mL olive oil/week subcutaneously and distilled water 1 ml/kg/day orally for 4 weeks (4w), DOCA group: received DOCA 50 mg/kg/week in vehicle subcutaneously and 1% NaCl drink for 4w, 4-OH-Ile/DOCA group: received 4-OH-Ile 50 mg/kg/day orally and DOCA/saline as above, s-AML/DOCA group: received s-AML 2 mg/kg/day orally and DOCA/saline for 4w, h-AML/DOCA group: received h-AML 10 mg/kg/day orally and DOCA/saline, s-AML/4-OH-Ile/DOCA group: received s-AML, 4-OH-Ile and DOCA/saline for 4w. After 4-weeks, the parameters of blood pressures, lipids and oxidant/antioxidant status were estimated. Results: 4-OH-Ile/s-AML prevented DOCA-induced changes: it decreased SABP, DABP, serum CK-MB, LDH, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL and cardiac tissue MDA, and increased cardiac TAC and serum HDL. These results had insignificant differences when compared to control and h-AML/DOCA rats. Conclusion: 4-OH-Ile/s-AML is an effective antihypertensive combination in rats, due to its ability to scavenge oxidants and improve cardiac function.

[Mohamed Abdelmohsen Abdallah, Mohamed Farouk Ahmed and Mohamed Elsayed Kelany. A new combination of 4-hydroxyisoleucine and small dose amlodipine against DOCA-induced hypertension in rats: A comparative and mechanistic study. Biomedicine and Nursing 2024;10(2):62-75]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org.  07. doi:10.7537/marsbnj100224.07.

Keywords: 4-hydroxyisoleucine, amlodipine, hypertension, antioxidant, rats.

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Adsorption of Barium and Iron Ions from Aqueous Solutions by the Activated Carbon Produced From Mazot Ash

Anonymous

Abstract: Activated carbon produced from mazot ash, was tested for the adsorption of barium and iron metal ions using batch experiments in single metal solution under controlled experimental conditions. The adsorption processes were affected by various parameters such as equilibrium time, pH, concentration of metals, adsorbent dose and particle size. The adsorbent exhibited good sorption potential for barium and iron metal ions at pH 7.5+0.5. C = O and S= O functional groups present on the carbon surface were the adsorption sites to remove metal ions from solution. The results shown that the Freundlich isotherm model achieved best fit with the equilibrium adsorption data for adsorption of barium and iron metal ions. The maximum adsorption capacities of barium and iron metal ions were 10.62 and 83.96 mg/g, respectively. The values of separation factor were between zero and one indicating favorable sorption for two tested metals ions. The surface coverage values were approaching unity with increasing solution concentration indicating effectiveness of adsorbent under investigation.

[Anonymous. Adsorption of Barium and Iron Ions from Aqueous Solutions by the Activated Carbon Produced From Mazot Ash. Biomedicine and Nursing 2024;10(2):76-83]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org.  08. doi:10.7537/marsbnj100224.08.

Key words: Activated carbon, Barium and iron, Sorption isotherm, zero point charge.

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